Although most research on bipolar I disorder has focused on biological models, recent investigation has elucidated the importance of psychosocial predictors of the course of illness. Theories of the Behavioral Activation System?s role in affect have helped unify biological and environmental explanations of the disorder. Along these lines, researchers have proposed that goal striving and attainment predict manic symptoms. In the current study, experience-sampling methodology was used to assess the relationship between fluctuations in goal striving and affect among 12 persons with bipolar I disorder and 12 without a history of mood disorder (control group). Participants completed measures of goal striving and affect three times each day for a period of three weeks. It was hypothesized that moving more quickly than expected toward a given goal would result in decreased subsequent effort toward that goal (coasting) for the control group, and increased subsequent effort (anti-coasting) for those with bipolar I disorder, with positive affect mediating the relationship in both cases. Results indicated that those in the bipolar I disorder group were significantly more likely to anti-coast than those in the control group. This finding, however, was explained primarily by gender, as men in the bipolar I disorder group showed no evidence of anti-coasting. In addition, there was no evidence of the mediating role of positive affect in these phenomena. Implications of the findings, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

Using a sample of 443 participants employed in a variety of jobs, the interactions between cognitive ability, conscientiousness, agreeableness, task experience, and task and contextual performance were explored. Results suggest that task experience is a better predictor of task performance than contextual performance; that agreeableness is associated with greater levels of contextual performance, but only for those lower in cognitive ability; and that conscientiousness moderates the interaction between cognitive ability and task experience on task performance. Specifically, it was found that for higher levels of conscientiousness, task performance converged for those of different cognitive abilities when task experience was high; likewise, for lower levels of conscientiousness, task performance diverged for those of different cognitive abilities when task experience was high. The impact and limitations of these results are discussed.

This report presents a study of the effect of reusing experience in the Hazards and Operability Analysis method (HazOp method) with regards to how the effectiveness of the method is affected. The study was conducted by first creating a software tool for experience reuse in HazOp, then testing that tool in a student experiment in which the participants used the tool when conducting a HazOp. During the experiment it was found that students using the tool found 21% more hazards in the system under study than their counterparts. After conducting the experiment it was found that there was a 94% certainty that this improvement was not due to random effects.

This paper looks at the perceptions of people within and outside of Jönköping, regard-ing the main attractions/attributes within the Jönköping region and how they are being branded by the municipality. A model was formed to explain how consumer expecta-tions affect demand, and based on that a survey was handed out to find out consumers travelling habits, general perceptions about Jönköping and its branding. The results show that promotion has not been as successful as hoped and that Jönköping is still seen as a religious city among the respondents. A Las Vegas Entertainment Concept was formed to find out whether people would be willing to visit Jönköping more often if something „new‟ was presented. In conclusion, for consumers to visit more often new experiences have to be provided. It is all about the way Jönköping city is marketed in the future and what it will be able to offer to the different consumer segments visiting.

This thesis will discuss teachers handling of the background, experience and earlier acquired knowledge of students. Our aim is to study the teachers’ use of the cultural knowledge that of which the students already possess and the consideration the teachers have for the students own parental tongue. From this we want to see if there are any obstacles or pits with the work of gathering up experiences. The study is based on interviews with seven different teachers at a multi cultural elementary school in one the suburbs of Stockholm. We have in our thesis four central question formulations which this study rests upon and will be answered by our informants. The interviews will also help us to answer the question of the attitudes that the teachers take up towards the students and the impact of the near society. The results of the interviews have been analyzed and they have given us an understanding that there is a multitude of factors that affect and obstruct the teachers’ work in taking charge of the students own experiences. Another result that we have come across from without the interviews made and our own analysis of them is that the teachers own attitudes and experiences are of great importance towards this work. A great awareness of self is therefore required as a teacher.

Denna studie tar upp betydelsen av att den empatiserande personen har liknande erfarenheter som målpersonen och även betydelsen av könstillhörighet har för förmågan till empati. Metoden för att undersöka detta bestod av att visa ett filmklipp och efter detta fick deltagarna besvara en fråga utifrån deras upplevelser av filmklippet. Deltagare var psykologistudenter och anställda på en pappersindustri. Studien visade på ett signifikant resultat till att kvinnor utan barn hade högre grad av empati än män utan barn och en tendens till att liknande erfarenheter hos empatisör och målperson ökade empatin för män men inte för kvinnor. Att kvinnor visar mer empati än män finns det tidigare forskning som stödjer. Tendensen att liknande erfarenheter ökar empati hos män står dock i motsats mot tidigare forskning.

Aim: The aim was to describe adult patients quality of life after cardiac arrest and resuscitation with CPR. Method: A literature overview based on eight scientific articles and one master thesis. Results: The result is presented in three categories, physical, psychological and social quality of life. Sleeping disorders, fatigue and low energy level affected the physical quality of life in a negative way. The psychological quality of life was often impaired the first time after the cardiac arrest, to be improved over time. Number of patients described a will to change their life, to put priorities straight and live for the moment. The social quality of life was affected by several factors such as social isolation, work disability and impaired social network. Several patients had to move to sheltered accommodation and many more patients was relaying on others to manage their activity of daily living (ADL). Other patients described no change regarding their social quality of life. Conclusion: The results showed that very few people survived a cardiac arrest, but once survival was achieved, a fairly good quality of life could be expected. Several of the studies also showed that patients can have a good quality of life despite physical, psychological and social dysfunction.

Ronden på en kirurgisk akutvårdsavdelning är en central del i vårdprocessen för patient och personal. Ronden sker dagligen och mötet mellan patient, läkare, sjuksköterska och undersköterska sker på kort tid och det sker snabba beslut. Syftet var att undersöka patientens upplevelse av ronden på en kirurgisk akut vårdsavdelning. Med utgångspunkt från detta så valdes det en kvalitativ metod med fenomenologisk ansats och intervjuer som datainsamlings metod. Efter analys av totalt 11 patienters upplevelser av ronden kom det fram tre kategorier med tillhörande underkategorier i resultatet. Kategorin tid och rum har underkategorierna mångfaldens, tidens och placeringens betydelse, kategorin interaktion har bemötandets, rummets och erfarenhetens betydelse och kategorin delaktighet har informationens betydelse, självbestämmande och känsla av stöd. Informanternas upplevelser av ronden betonade att det var många deltagare, att mötet var kort och snabbt, deltagarnas placering på rummet och delgivande av information hade en betydelse. Dock ett bra bemötande från personalen, att känna sig delaktig, att känna ett stöd från sjuksköterskan, känsla av förtroende och tidigare negativa upplevelser gav en positiv upplevelse av ronden. / Round on a surgical emergency ward is a central part of the care process for patients and staff. Round take place daily and the meeting between patient, doctors and other staff take place briefly and decisions are taken rapidly. The purpose was to examine the patient's experience of rounds on a surgical emergency ward. A qualitative and the phenomenon illogical approach were chosen with the interviews. After the analysis of the 11 patients' experiences of rounds show three categories and related subcategories which are labelled as time and room such as diversity, time and posting importance. Further more interaction such as importance of treatment, the space and experience and also participation such as the importance of information, self-determination and sense of support. The results show that the participants thought that there were various participants involved in the rounds, the meetings were short and brief, and the participants' presence in the room and the given information affected their experiences. However, a good treatment from the staff, sense of participation, a sense of support, a sense of confidence and previous experience gave participants positive experiences.

Bakgrund: När en individ drabbas av Alzheimers, vilket orsakar minnessvårigheter påverkas även familjen då vardagen drastiskt förändras. För att öka de närståendes hälsa och bemöta dem på bästa sätt behövs en ökad förståelse om deras upplevelser.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att genom självbiografier belysa närståendes upplevelser av att leva med en person som har Alzheimers sjukdom i det dagliga livet.Metod: En litteraturstudie av självbiografier skrivna utav närstående till personer med Alzheimers.Resultat: I resultatet kunde vissa upplevelser urskiljas. Upplevelserna delades upp i olika kategorier. Huvudkategorier var Att börja förstå, Att förlora en livskamrat, Att leva med en person med Alzheimers, Att leva psykologiskt ensam.Diskussion: Många negativa upplevelser och likheter framkom i datamaterialet. Det som framkom i studien kan styrkas med tidigare studier. Huvudkategorin Att förlora en livskamrat visade sig vara framträdande hos de närstående.Implikationer för Omvårdnad: Sjuksköterskan kan genom en ökad förståelse för de närståendes negativa upplevelser ge stöd som kan bidra till mera positiva upplevelser. / Background: When an individual is diagnosed with Alzheimer's, which causes memory difficulties, this will also affect the family/relatives as everyday life drastically changes. To assure optimal approach of these relatives and to improve their health a greater understanding of their experiences is required.Aim: The aim of this review is to shed light upon relatives' experiences of everyday life living with an individual with Alzheimer's disease.Method: A literature review. Result: Analysis of autobiographies written by relatives of individuals with Alzheimer's revealed certain specific experiences. The experiences were categorized. Main categories were: Beginning to understand, To loose a life-partner, To live with an individual with Alzheimer's, To live alone psyhologically. Discussion: A lot of negative experiences and similarities appeared in the material. What emerged from the study is substantiated by previous studies. Main Categories To loose a life-partner was found to be prominent in the related. Implications for Nursing: Nurse can by a better understanding of the related negative experiences support that can contribute to more positive experiences.

Bakgrund: Antalet personer med demenssjukdom i Sverige beräknas uppgå till 150 000. Utav dessa vårdas 55 procent i hemmet av anhöriga. De anhörigas roll och funktion som vårdare i hemmet blir alltmer centralt, då vård och omsorg flyttas från det offentliga rummet till det privata. Att träda in i rollen som anhörigvårdare förändrar livssituationen avsevärt och allt planeras kring demenssjukdomens villkor. Syfte: Att sammanställa och belysa forskning som beskriver hur de anhöriga upplever sin situation av att vårda en anhörig som drabbats av en demenssjukdom. Metod: En litteraturöversikt där fem kvantitativa och sex kvalitativa artiklar analyserats. Resultat: Artikelanalysen resulterade i tre teman:  en ny livssituation, förändrad relation och känslomässigt påfrestande. I resultatet framkom att anhöriga rapporterade ohälsa. Diskussion: Anhöriga är en utsatt grupp, som behöver mycket stöd för att de ska orka axla rollen som anhörigvårdare. För att de ska kunna ge den demenssjuke god vård, krävs ett samarbete mellan den anhörige och vården. Kunskapen i studien är användbar för sjuksköterskan och kan användas som ett verktyg för ökad förståelse i mötet med den anhörige. / Background: The numbers of people with dementia in Sweden are estimates at 150 000. Out of these 55 percent cared for a relative at home. The role and function as a caregiver in home are becoming more centralized, when health care move from the public sphere to private enter the role of careers changing life situation considerably and everything is planned around the dementia illness. Aim: To collate and illustrate research that describes how the relative experiences their situation of caring for a relative with dementia. Method: A literature survey in which five quantitative and six qualitative articles were analyzed. Results: Article analysis resulted in three headings: a new life situation, changes in relationships and emotional trying. The results revealed that caregivers reported illness. Discussion: Relatives are a vulnerable group in need of much support to maintain the role as a caregiver. To be able to provide the best dementia care requires a coperation between caregivers and health care. Knowledge in the study is useful for the nurse and can be used as a tool for better understanding of the meeting with the relative.