This research focuses on the concept of occupational stress. Theories and models are discussed in an attempt to highlight the nature of stress and its implications for the individual if it is not effectively managed. Individual differences in the way they experience strain and cope with stress are considered, as well as the organisational implications of stress. Current thinking in the management of stress programmes is highlighted. The empirical study was conducted to determine whether there are differences between various organisational subgroups with regard to variables relating to occupational stress, strain and coping, as measured by the Occupational Stress Inventory - Revised (Osipow, 1998). The findings of the study show that there are significant differences between seniority, age, race and gender subgroups within the accounting organisation in which the research took place, with regard to stress, strain and coping / Industrial Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Submitted by TAIS APARECIDA DE MOURA null (tais.ap.moura@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-07T17:10:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação, Taís Ap. de Moura, Mestrado em Educação Escolar, UNESP Araraquara, 2016.pdf: 2116875 bytes, checksum: d993c7ab0c83a996fbf8cf301fbc6ea3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-08T11:23:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 moura_ta_me_arafcl.pdf: 2116875 bytes, checksum: d993c7ab0c83a996fbf8cf301fbc6ea3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-08T11:23:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moura_ta_me_arafcl.pdf: 2116875 bytes, checksum: d993c7ab0c83a996fbf8cf301fbc6ea3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Com um olhar mais atento às práticas de alfabetização, no 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental, retratou-se neste estudo a atuação de duas professoras alfabetizadoras com tempos de docência diferenciados. Para tanto, a presente dissertação teve como objetivo investigar e analisar as práticas de alfabetização realizadas por uma professora iniciante e uma professora experiente, considerando os elementos da gestão da matéria e da classe presentes na interação das aulas de alfabetização. O referencial teórico baseou-se em autores como Gimeno Sacristán e Gauthier que fundamentam a prática docente, enquanto Huberman, Gonçalves, Marcelo Garcia, Guarnieri e Lima trouxeram subsídios para tratar das fases da docência e às práticas de alfabetização tiveram por base os estudos de Soares e Carvalho. A pesquisa qualitativa, de base empírica, foi desenvolvida numa escola estadual do interior do Estado de São Paulo, norteada pela seguinte problemática: Como as professoras alfabetizadoras iniciante e experiente realizam suas práticas de alfabetização nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental? Quais são os elementos da gestão da matéria e da classe que estão presentes na interação das aulas de alfabetização? Utilizou-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados a observação das aulas realizadas pelas professoras iniciante e experiente, num período de três meses e realizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados obtidos foram organizados em três eixos temáticos: A natureza do processo de alfabetização; A gestão da matéria e os aspectos significativos para alfabetizar; A gestão da classe e o estilo de alfabetizar. A partir de uma análise comparativa, os resultados revelaram que o tempo de docência acaba influenciando no encaminhamento da gestão da matéria, mas não é um fator determinante na gestão da classe, sendo que entre as práticas de alfabetização da iniciante e experiente há mais diferenças, do que semelhanças. Constatou-se o quão complexo é o tema da alfabetização, o que confirma a hipótese levantada nessa pesquisa, ou seja, ambas as professoras apresentaram dificuldades para alfabetizar. Conclui-se que, seja o professor iniciante ou experiente, é preciso haver comprometimento com suas escolhas, condutas e manejo do ensino, porque não dá para aceitar improvisações e tentativas no processo de alfabetização. / With a closer look at literacy practices in the 1st grade of elementary school, this study portrayed the performance of two literacy teachers with different teaching times. For this purpose, the present work aims to investigate and analyze literacy practices carried out by a beginner teacher and an experienced teacher, considering the elements of the management of subject and class present in the interaction of literacy classes. The theoretical framework was based on authors such as Gimeno Sacristán and Gauthier underlying the teaching practice, while Huberman, Gonçalves, Marcelo Garcia, Guarnieri and Lima brought subsidies to address the stages of teaching and literacy practices were based on studies by Soares and Carvalho. The qualitative research, in an empirical basis, was developed in a public school in the city of São Paulo state, guided by the following problems: How the beginner and experienced literacy teachers perform their literacy practices in the early years of elementary school? What are the elements of the management of subject and class that are present in the interaction of literacy classes? It was used as data collection instruments the class observation of a beginner and an experienced teacher for a period of three months and held a semi-structured interview. Data were organized into three main themes: The nature of the literacy process; The management of subject and the significant aspects of literacy; The management of the class and style of literacy. From a comparative analysis, the results revealed that the teaching time is up influenced in directing the management of the subject, but it is not a determining factor in class management, and between beginner literacy practices and experienced for over differences, than similarities. It was noted how complex is the theme of literacy, which confirms the hypothesis in this research, that is, both teachers had difficulties to teach literacy. In conclusion, whether beginner or experienced teacher, there must be commitment to their choices, behavior and management of teaching, because you can not accept improvisation and attempts in the literacy process.

Orientador: Maria Regina Guarnieri / Banca: Marilda Silva / Banca: Maria Lúcia Oliveira Suzigan Dragone / Resumo: A intenção central da presente pesquisa foi compreender o trabalho docente fora da situação de sala de aula e voltado para o preparo e organização do ensino. As questões de pesquisa que impulsionaram o estudo foram: Como as professoras utilizam o tempo de trabalho em que não estão lecionando? Que fatores interferem na forma como as professoras usam este tempo de trabalho, que se destina ao planejamento e revisão das aulas? O tempo prescrito pela legislação para o trabalho pedagógico fora da sala de aula é suficiente para que consigam realizar as atividades necessárias à prévia organização do ensino? Os objetivos da pesquisa residem na caracterização das atividades pertinentes à função docente realizadas por professoras alfabetizadoras fora do tempo e do espaço de aula; na identificação das prescrições legais no que tange ao tempo e às atividades destinados ao preparo do ensino, bem como suas relações com o trabalho efetivamente realizado. O estudo foi realizado em uma escola estadual de ensino fundamental, com cinco professoras alfabetizadoras, sendo duas iniciantes e três experientes na profissão. De natureza qualitativa, a pesquisa ocorreu em 2007. Foram utilizados os procedimentos de revisão bibliográfica, observação, questionário, entrevista, produção escrita dos sujeitos participantes e análise de material de trabalho dos mesmos, além da análise de documentos. Como resultados ao se contrastar o trabalho de professoras iniciantes e de professoras experientes, verificaram-se nítidas diferenças entre as mesmas na forma de organização do ensino e no emprego do tempo de trabalho fora da escola, voltado para o preparo das aulas. As demandas externas ao trabalho de sala de aula, tais como, as tarefas burocráticas e o uso do HTPC, interferem na forma e no tempo que as docentes destinam ao preparo do ensino conduzindo a uma sensação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present research had as main objective to understand the educational work outside the classroom situation and directed towards the teaching preparation and organization. The research issues that had directed the study had been the following: How do the teachers use their work time when they are not teaching? Which factors interfere in the way teachers use this work time, that is destined to lesson planning and review? Is time destined by the legislation for the pedagogical work outside the classroom enough so that they could carry out the activities necessary to the previous teaching organization? The research aims consist in the characterization of the activities related to the teaching function carried out by literacy teachers out of the lesson time and space; in the identification of the legal prescriptions related to time and to the activities destined to the teaching preparation, as well as their relationship with the work effectively accomplished. The qualitative research was carried out in 2007 in a primary state school, with five literacy teachers - two beginner teachers and three experienced teachers in the profession. The procedures such as bibliographical review, observation, questionnaire, interview, the participants' written production and analysis of their work material were used, besides the documental analysis. As a result from contrasting the beginner teachers' to the experienced teachers' work, clear differences in the way they organize their teaching work and the way the use their time outside the school to prepare their lessons had been verified. The external demands to the classroom's work, such as, the bureaucratic tasks and the use of the collective pedagogical working hours, intervene in the form and in the time that the teachers destine to the preparation of teaching, leading to a constant sensation of lack of time. Despite they perceive... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Bakgrund: Belastningen på Sveriges akutmottagningar har ökat och antalet sjuksköterskor har minskat. Personalomsättningen är större och fler sjuksköterskor med mindre erfarenhet av yrket anställs. På akutmottagningen möter sjuksköterskan ett brett patientklientel som drabbats av många olika sjukdomar och skador som kan vara livshotande. Bristande erfarenhet kan vara en patientsäkerhetsrisk. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva sjuksköterskans upplevelser av att vara ny på akutmottagningen, samt undersöka om bristen på erfarenhet kan påverka patienten. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med beskrivande design valdes utifrån studiens syfte. Semistrukturerande intervjuer genomfördes med tio sjuksköterskor som arbetat i max ett år på en akutmottagning i Region Jönköpings län. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys utfördes på en latent nivå. Resultat: Kategorierna som bildar studiens resultat är vikten av en god introduktion, osäkerhet kring den egna kompetensen, patienten kan påverkas, erfaren personal gav trygghet samt fördelar med att vara ny. Det framkom att stöd var en nyckelfaktor för ett lyckat arbete. Sjuksköterskan ansåg sig inte redo efter introduktionen att arbeta helt självständigt och det efterfrågades mer praktisk träning. Sjuksköterskan hade skapat strategier för att hantera osäkerheten. Bristen på erfarenhet skulle kunna påverka patienten. Slutsats: Det som anses som en mycket viktig faktor för ett väl fungerande arbete är att de mindre erfarna sjuksköterskorna har erfarna kollegor som kan stötta och hjälpa vid behov. Den regiongemensamma introduktionen för sjuksköterskor skulle kunna utvecklas för att även inrikta sig mer specifikt mot akutsjukvård. För att kunna ge det stöd som de mindre erfarna är i behov av krävs en säkrad kompetens hos kollegorna på akutmottagningen. / Background: The burden on Sweden's emergency departments has increased and the number of nurses has decreased. Staff turnover is greater and more nurses with less experience in the profession are employed. At the emergency room, the nurse meets a wide patient clientele who can be affected by many diseases and injuries which can be life threatening. Lack of experience may be a patient safety risk. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe the nurse's experiences of being new to emergency care and to examine whether the lack of experience can affect the patient. Method: A qualitative interview study with descriptive design was chosen based on the purpose of the study. Semistructured interviews were conducted with ten nurses who have worked for a maximum of one year at an emergency department in the county of Jönköping. A qualitative content analysis was conducted on a latent level. Results: The categories which form the result of the study are the importance of a good introduction, uncertainty about their own skills, the patient may be affected, experienced staff gave safety and benefits of being new. It emerged that support was a key factor for a successful work. The nurse was not always ready after the introduction to work independently and demanded more practical training. The nurses had created strategies to deal with uncertainty. The lack of experience can affect patient safety. Conclusion: What is considered as a very important factor for well-functioning work is that less experienced nurses have experienced colleagues who can support and assist when needed. The regional community introduction for nurses could be developed to focus more specifically on emergency care. In order to provide the support that the less experienced are in need of, a secured competence is required from the colleagues at the emergency department.

Detta är en studie som undersökt om det går att kartlägga någon skillnad mellan erfarna och oerfarna tolkar när det gäller deras lag time (eftersläpning). Lag time är tidsspannet från det att tolken hör talarens yttrande till dess att tolken själv producerar motsvarande yttrande. Tidigare forskare (t ex Cokely, 1992  och McDermid, 2014) har sett att detta påverkar resultatet av tolkningen och därför är detta intressant att undersöka närmare utifrån ett erfarenhetsperspektiv. I studien spelades tre erfarna och tre oerfarna tolkar in när de tolkade ett delvis förskrivet rollspel. Efter inspelningen analyserades materialet genom att i olika segment kontrollera med tidtagarur hur långt efter talaren tolken producerade ett yttrande liknande originaltalets. Resultatet visade att det inte var någon genomgående större skillnad mellan erfarna och oerfarna tolkar i deras lag time. I denna grupp var det istället individuella variationer.  Däremot upptäcktes det att det är svårt att identifiera hur man definierar och mäter lag time. / This is a study which explored the possibility to map a difference between experienced and inexperienced interpreters in their use of lag time. Lag time is the time difference from when the interpreter hears an utterance until the interpreter him/herself starts producing an equivalent utterance. Earlier researchers (for example Cokely, 1992 and McDermid, 2014) have found that this affects the result of the interpretation and that is why this is interesting to explore from a perspective of interpreting experience. In this study three inexperienced interpreters and three experienced interpreters were recorded during a partly scripted role play. After the recording, the material was analyzed by using a stop watch to see how far behind the interpreter’s utterance was produced after the speaker’s utterance in different segments. The result showed that it was not a general difference between the experienced and inexperienced interpreters in their lag time, instead there were individual differences. What was also found is that it is difficult to identify how to define and measure lag time.

The Internet – when defined as a massive, uncontrolled database of information – is not a reliable source of information. Despite this, it has developed into the default terminology tool for most translators today. This study explores what criteria are used by translators to define website credibility and whether translation experience affects the criteria used. Three groups of differently experienced translators were asked to translate two technical texts from English to Swedish and document the websites they visited. The documentation was used as the basis for follow-up interviews, where the translators were asked to argue for their choices. The results show a significant similarity in application of criteria between student and experienced translators, indicating that other factors than experience are at play. Moreover, source text complexity does not affect the criteria used but rather to what extent research is performed. These results can be used to encourage further research into the information search behavior of translators.

Master thesis, Master of science in Innovation through Business, Engineering and Design with specialization in Business Administration Field of research: Business Administration, School of Business & Economics University: Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden Course code: 5FE07E Semester: Spring 2017 Author: Elias Gentili Examiner: Saara Taalas Tutor: Lena Olaison Title: Exploring Wellbeing in Small and Unconventional Dwellings Subtitle: Understanding living in small and unconventional dwellings through a multi- dimensional perspective of space Background: Urbanization and densification is happening in practically all parts of the world. Cities are becoming bigger, and questions about accessibility to the urban areas is a concern. Difficulties in finding affordable accommodation is one, and another one is wellbeing in homes. With the recent interests in the increasing tiny house movement, living solutions that are affordable, simple, and small are gaining in popularity. This is happening partly as a reaction to that the average home size in many parts of the western world have been increasing dramatically in the last decades. Both building regulation institutions and research are often connecting small space living with negative effects on wellbeing. But the tiny house movement seem to show that people can live well also in small dwellings outside of such regulations. The question of what brings wellbeing to a homes has never been more relevant, and the area of small and unconventional housing is lacking research. Research question: What is wellbeing living in small and unconventional homes? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of wellbeing in small and unconventional homes. The objective of this research is to provide a holistic understanding of wellbeing in such homes, by going beyond firstspace and secondspace dimensions, into a thirdspace perspective. Method: Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and observations of people chosing to live in small and unconventional dwellings. A thematical analysis strategy suitable for new concept development was adopted. An abductive approach was applied in order to frame the study being multi disciplinary, and in order to obtain increased understandings of the study phenomenon. However, the study focused heavily on the empirical data from my study. Conclusion: This study found that the wellbeing is experienced as a totality of different dimensions: not only does the physical dwelling in itself provide for wellbeing, but also dimensions relating to thoughts, meanings and lived experiences they associate to their dwellings. A holistic perspective is what best can provide an understanding of their experienced wellbeing, where physical, mental and lived dimensions are combined. Furthermore was found that the dwellings can work as facilitators to achieve wellbeing on several levels both relating to their inner space in their dwellings, bringing in other spatialities, and for their lives as a whole. Keywords: Small space living, tiny house movement, experienced wellbeing at home, housing beyond traditions and conventions, influences of spatialities, spatial theory

Background: previous studies have revealed that newly hired nurses experience stress and anxiety when entering a new clinical setting. Failure to support and prepare these nurses may affect their ability to deliver the required level of nursing care. Preceptorship is a time limited, organised clinical instructional programme, which promotes staff development, improves nursing education, reduces nursing shortages, promotes staff retention and decreases staff turnover. Little evidence expounds about how newly hired nurses perceive preceptorship. The impact of preceptorship on the clinical nursing care of newly hired experienced nurses has not been investigated or verified globally neither has it been investigated from a Saudi context. Aims and Objectives: the study aimed to explore the nature of preceptorship and its impact on clinical nursing care as perceived by the nurses who had taken part in a preceptorship programme in Saudi Arabia. The study elicited the participants' understanding and expectations of the preceptorship programme in an attempt to identify those factors that may be directly related to the success or failure of the programme. Furthermore, it aimed to examine the role of preceptorship in developing the clinical practice of newly hired experienced nurses. Methodology: a qualitative design based on the principles of naturalistic inquiry underpinned this study. Thirty national and international nurses of five different grades across wards in one Saudi hospital were first purposively and subsequently convenience sampled to take part in the study. Most participants were of international origin, possessing various levels of experience and education. Preceptees were younger and less experienced than other programme stakeholders. Data were generated using tape-recorded semi-structured individual and focus groups interviews. This action was also supported by a review of the hospital's preceptorship policy documents. All the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed concurrently using thematic analysis based on a constant comparative method. Findings and discussion: Six themes were derived from the interview data to generate an account of participants' experiences. Social learning theory was used as an explanatory framework for understanding the study's findings. Thus, preceptorship was seen as an important supportive, learning process, although inconsistencies were highlighted related to the participants' understanding and expectations of the programme. The duration of preceptorship was also contested with some needing longer than allocated. Hence, confusion arose regarding when preceptorship should begin and end due to ambiguities within the preceptorship policy documentation. Furthermore, participants perceived preceptorship had a mixed impact on clinical nursing care depending on preceptee/preceptor preparation and workload. Surprisingly recruitment was found to have the biggest impact on the success or failure of the preceptorship programme an unexpected and new finding highlighted by this study. Conclusion: preceptorship is important for the integration of newly hired experienced nurses into their new roles. The meaning of preceptorship as applied to each hospital needs to be defined and articulated clearly and concisely. In order to meet the objectives of preceptorship, policy documentation needs to be clearer, and recruitment processes need to be reviewed in order to match both preceptee experience and qualifications with organisational requirements.

The purpose of the study was to examine managers´ knowledge, experience and perceptions of a municipality's security-promotion work and its significance for the overall experience security in the municipality.   Insecurity among residents is a major challenge for a municipality. It can lead to impaired public health, which long term affects many individuals. Insecurity and security are often linked to a socially sustainable society and should equal for all. Therefore, it is of great importance for the development of society that basic needs such as security are part of the security promotion work that is carried out.   The study used a qualitative method with four semi-structured interviews. The data was transcribed and analyzed by a thematic analysis method.   Results showed that the managers expressed a unified view that the perceived insecurity was perceived as vague and without foundation as the statistics show no increase in crime. Based on different social groups, insecurity is perceived and perceived differently. The municipality of Söderhamn has put security-promoting work high on the agenda, in order to increase the safety of the people in the municipality. By having a common sense and a greater understanding of the words used, conditions are created to reduce misunderstanding and ambiguity.   However, it is important to prioritize security-promoting work for the sustainable development of municipalities and it needs clarity in collaboration between administrations. It is also of the utmost importance that all administrations work together based on what is prioritized.   Keywords: safety-promoting work, insecurity, security and experienced feelings.

Interracial couples have different experiences compared to their intraracial counterparts. Interracial couples and their relationships (particularly their marriages) have been studied to see whether there are any effects on the relationship due to the couple’s inherent differences. However, the literature heavily focuses on interracial marriages while only touching on interracial relationships in general, with a primary focus on interracial couples of all kinds. With the tension between White and Black Americans over the years, one can wonder if there would be any noticeable differences within Black/White interracial couples with regard to racial identification and experienced discrimination due to the Black-White racial disparity. This study tested whether these factors contribute to the overall relationship satisfaction in Black/White interracial couples. Data were collected via MTurk and participants completed three assessments to capture how racial identity and experienced discrimination impact their relationship. Racial identity was assessed using Worrell, Mendoza, and Wang’s (2019) Cross Ethnic-racial Identity Scale- Adult (CERIS-A); perceived racial discrimination was assessed Conger’s (2006) revised version of Landrine et al.’s (2006) General Ethnic Discrimination Scale; and relationship satisfaction was assessed using Funk and Rogge’s (2007) Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI-16). It was predicted that experienced discrimination and racial identity would impact the relationship satisfaction of Black-White interracial couples. The results showed that experienced discrimination did significantly impact relationship satisfaction and racial identity, however, racial identity did not significantly impact relationship satisfaction in Black-White interracial couples. The lack of research on the CERIS-A’s validity when interacting with other constructs, a missing question on the CSI-16, and not accounting for biracial participants and their experiences with racial identity development are all limitations that should be considered when reviewing the results. Clinicians can use the information from this study to assist clients in having more conversations about their experiences of discrimination with one another and having them create their own meanings around interracial dating and racial identity.