This study focused on multilingualism as the primary linguistic cognitive objective of investigation. An integrative approach focused on second language linguistics in order to acquire a background in the cognitive foundations of language and research methodology and theoretical models for the study of phenomena, such as language planning in multicultural societies and language and ethnic diversity. To design cognitive reading methods, a literature survey was conducted regarding the latest developments in the theories pertaining to cognitive formulas of the second language learner. A quantitative experimental study was conducted, data gathered was scrutinised and a cognitive reading programme was experimentally administered to twenty primary school learners. The responses were coded, the data captured and statistically computed. Conclusions indicated that cognitive reading materials were practical, valid and reliable. Cognitive formulas hold the potential of contributing to the understanding of cognitive reading development in second language proficiency in the Foundation Phase of schooling. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Didactics)

But de l'étude: Nos connaissances anatomiques sur le rachis lombaire reposent sur des dissections cadavériques rares, comprenant peu de sujets, très agés. La précision du scanner fait référence pour la morphologie articulaire. Une base de données scannographique (Lombonice 2005) a été crée puis 400 patients ont été mesurés. L'objectif est d'élaborer un Atlas biométrique de référence. Nous chercherons également à décrire la forme afin de concevoir une prothèse anatomique. Enfin, nous espérons dégager un dimorphisme sexuel et ainsi prédire l'âge ou le sexe d'un sujet en se basant ses articulations lombaires. Patients et méthodes : Nous avons mesuré 217 hommes et 183 femmes d'âge moyen 59 ans. Les coupes natives font 1,25 mm d'épaisseur (de L1 à S1). Nous crérons chaque plan de coupe puis nous positionnons des points de repères sur ces plans. Les coordonnées de ces points nous permettront de calculer des distances, des angles et le rayon des cercles mécaniques. Nous comparons ensuite les mesures obtenues avec l'âge, le côté, le sexe ou le niveau étudié. Résultats : De L1 à S1, les articulaires se rapprochent du mur postérieur mais s'éloignent l'une de l'autre. L'angle d'étrave postérieure augmente vers la caudalité. Le rayon des cercles mécaniques droit et gauche ne sont symétriques que dans 50% des cas et se confondent dans moins de 10 % des cas. Les mesures réalisées ne permettent pas de déterminer le sexe ou l'âge du sujet. Les mesures centrées sur le corps vertébral semblent plus discriminantes. Conclusion: La forme en 3D des articulaires postérieures est plus complexe qu'un fragment de sphère. / Aim of the study: Our anatomical knowledge about lumbar spine is based on few cadaveric dissections with very few specimens of very old. The CT scan is very informative concerning about bony facets morphology. We have first created a database of lumbar CT called « Lombonice 2005 » and then we have made differents measureson 400 subjects. The aim of this study is to obtain a biometric atlas. Then, we wanted to create a new anatomic lumbar facet prosthesis. At least, we would like to determine the age or the sex of a sunject only with anatomic measures. Patients and methods : We have measured 217 men and 183 women of 59 years old on average. The native slices was 1,25 mm thick and goes from L1 to S1. We have created each cutting plan and we have placed many landmarks on them. The coordonates of these landmarks let us calculate differents distances, angles or mechanical circle radius which describe well the shape of the facets. We have compared then the measures obtained and the age, sex, side or level studied. Results : From L1 to S1, on transversal plan, the facets are getting closer to posterior wall but are getting away from each other. The posterior angle like a boat's bow increase from L1 to S1. The mechanical circle radius of each sides are symmetrical just in 50% of cases and unique in less than 10 % of cases. All the measures even in 3 dimensions does'nt let us determine the sex or the age of subjects. Measures on vertebral body seems to be more discriminant. Conclusion: We found that 3D shape of lumbar facets is more complicated than a spere fragment as expected. The side asymmetry makes it difficult to reproduce an anatomical facet's prosthesis.

Main aim of this thesis is to study existing systems of faceted search and to design own system based on faceted search in the index of Wikipedia. In this thesis we can meet with existing solutions of faceted search. From mistakes and failures of existing solutions was designed our own system, that is output of this thesis. Designed system is described in way of design and implementation. Product of thesis is application and graphical interface. Application interface can be integrated into existing informational system, where it can be used as multidimensional filter. Graphical interface provides option how can application interface be used in real system. System was created focusing on usefullness and simplicity, for using in existing information systems.

Dans un graphe non orienté, le problème du sous-graphe k-sommet connexe consiste à déterminer un sous-graphe de poids minimum tel que entre chaque paires de sommets, il existe k chemins sommet-disjoints. Ce modèle a été étudié dans la littérature en termes d'arête connexité. Cependant, le cas de la sommet connexité n'a pas été traité jusqu'à présent. Nous décrivons de nouvelles inégalités valides et nous présentons un algorithme de Coupes et Branchements ainsi qu'une large étude expérimentale qui montrent l'efficacité des contraintes utilisées. Nous proposons ensuite une formulation étendue pour le même problème pour une connexité k=2, suivi d'un algorithme de Génération de Colonnes et Branchements pour résoudre cette formulation.Nous étudions ensuite la version avec chemins bornés du problème. Le problème consiste à trouver un sous-graphe de poids minimum, tel que entre chaque paire d'origine-destination, il existe k chemins sommet-disjoints de longueur au plus L. Nous proposons une formulation linéaire en nombres entiers pour L=2,3. Nous présentons de nouvelles inégalités valides et nous proposons des algorithmes de séparation pour ces contraintes. Nous présentons ensuite un algorithme de Coupes et Branchements qu'on a testé sur des instances de la TSPLIB. / Given a weighted undirected graph and an integer k, the k-node-connected subgraph problem is to find a minimum weight subgraph which contains k-node-disjoint paths between every pair of nodes. We introduce new classes of valid inequalities and discuss their facial aspect. We also devise separation routines, investigate the structural properties of the linear relaxation and discuss some reduction operations that can be used in a preprocessing phase for the separation. Using these results, we devise a Branch-and-Cut algorithm and present some computational results. Then we present a new extended formulation for the the k-node-connected subgraph problem, along with a Branch-and-Cut-and-Price algorithm for solving the problem.Next, we investigate the hop-constrained version of the problem. The k node-disjoint hop-constrained network design problem is to find a minimum weight subgraph such that between every origin and destination there exist at least k node-disjoint paths of length at most L. We propose an integer linear programming formulation for L=2,3 and investigate the associated polytope. We introduce valid inequalities and devise separation algorithms. Then, we propose a B\&C algorithm for solving the problem along with some computational results.

The quadratic traveling salesman problem (QTSP) is an extension of the (classical) Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) where the costs depend on each two nodes that are traversed in succession, i. e., on the edges in the symmetric (STSP) and on the arcs in the asymmetric case (ATSP). The QTSP is motivated by an application in bioinformatics. It can be used in the solution of certain Permuted Markov models that are set up for the recognition of transcription factor binding sites and of splice sites in gene regulation. Important special cases are the Angular-Metric TSP used in robotics and the TSP with Reload Costs used in the planning of telecommunication and transport networks. The SQTSP and the AQTSP can be formulated as integer optimization problems over the polytope associated with the STSP resp. ATSP together with a quadratic cost function. We study the polytopes arising from a linearization of the respective quadratic integer programming formulations. Based on the proof of the dimension of the polytopes using the so called direct method we can prove the facetness of several valid inequalities. These facets and valid inequalities can be divided into three large groups. Some are related to the Boolean quadric polytope. Furthermore we introduce the conflicting edges/arc inequalities that forbid certain configurations of edges and 2-edges resp. of arcs and 2-arcs. Finally, we strengthen valid inequalities of STSP and ATSP in order to get stronger inequalities in the quadratic case. We present two general lifting approaches. One is applicable to all inequalities with nonnegative coefficients and the second allows to strengthen clique tree inequalities. Applying these approaches to the subtour elimination constraints leads to facets in most cases, but in general facetness is not preserved. In addition, the complexity of the separation problems for some of the facet classes is studied. Finally, we present some computational results using a branch-and-cut framework, which is improved by some of the newly derived cutting planes. The tested instances from biology could be solved surprisingly well. Instances with up to 100 nodes could be solved in less than 700 seconds improving the results in the literature by several orders of magnitude. For most of the randomly generated instances using some additional separators allowed to reduce the root gaps and the numbers of nodes in the branch-and-cut tree significantly, often even the running times.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Change has become a prevalent feature of today’s organizations, resulting in an increased demand for workers who are able to adapt to the dynamic nature of the environment. Recently, many have suggested that traditional models of job performance should be expanded to include an adaptive performance dimension. Research in this relatively new domain has focused on defining adaptive performance and understanding how it may be predicted. This study contributes to these efforts by testing the personality trait of conscientiousness as a predictor of adaptive performance, with both constructs being studied at their domain and facet levels. The incremental validity of conscientiousness over cognitive ability is also examined, and autonomy is investigated as a moderator of the conscientiousness-adaptive performance relationships. A sample of 212 undergraduate students who work at least 20 hours per week participated in the study by completing an online survey and a cognitive ability assessment. Conscientiousness was supported as a good predictor of adaptive performance overall. However, the predictor-outcome results did vary over the domain and facet levels, emphasizing the importance of studying both levels. At the two-facet level of conscientiousness, the achievement motivation facet was shown to have stronger relationships with the adaptive performance dimensions compared to the dependability facet. At the six-facet level of conscientiousness, the three achievement motivation facets and one dependability facet (i.e., dutifulness) were significantly related to all eight performance dimensions, but the other two dependability facets (i.e., orderliness and cautiousness) were not significantly related to all of the adaptive performance dimensions. Conscientiousness did provide significant incremental validity over cognitive ability at the domain level and for almost all of the facet-level relationships, but cognitive ability was not related to adaptive performance or any other study variables. Autonomy was supported as a moderator with 16 significant interactions uncovered at the facet level. However, these significant interactions only involved three (i.e., interpersonal, learning, and cultural) of the eight adaptive performance dimensions. Overall, these results supported the conscientiousness-adaptive performance relationship and contributed new findings to the adaptive performance domain that have implications for employee selection and performance management.

A survey was done in order to identify the predictors that contribute to satisfaction with qowl. A positive correlation was found between satisfaction with facets of work life and overall satisfaction with qowl. No significant difference was found between overall satisfaction and the mean of the satisfaction with the facets of work life. Organisational climate seemed to have the greatest influence. Significant predictors are identification with the organisation, participation, communication, resource management, work group functioning, reward system, health and safety aspects, job security and the rate of pay. Significant differences were found between rank, occupational, race and age groups. When need non-fulfilment scales are added to facets of work life measures, increase in the prediction of overall satisfaction is significant. The need to do work that supports moral values contributed most significantly to overall satisfaction. The most frequent preference was for financial security, followed by recognition, relationships and for achievement. / Psychology / M.A.

Afin de légitimer une approche des systèmes d’information plus documentaire que technologique bien peu en accord avec l’air du temps, le besoin impérieux s’est fait ressentir de faire appel aux fondements théoriques de la fonction renseignement et de son exploitation étroitement dépendante de la maîtrise d’une information devenue surabondante. Ce regard, plus analogique que numérique, s’est intéressé à la construction de sens dans une mémoire partagée, organisée autour d’un besoin collectif de savoir qui la conditionne entièrement. Il s’agit d’assurer la cohésion des actions individuelles en s’appuyant sur la synergie des intentions qui orientent l’action collective et lui donnent ainsi tout son sens. Cette recherche s’est fondée sur une expérience professionnelle ponctuellement réussie, bien que peu suivie par une administration trompée par le mirage d’une technologie omnipotente. Ses résultats sont décrits pour tenter de les pérenniser, dans l’idée d’en élargir la portée et d’en promouvoir l’usage chez d’autres professionnels aux besoins analogues, dans des domaines différents comme, par exemple, celui de la recherche scientifique. / Despite the current trend, the pressing need arose to legitimize a documentary approach to information system rather than a technological one, based on the theoretical foundations of intelligence and its exploitation, which is directly connected to the control of an information that has become overabundant. This vision, rather analogical than numerical, focuses on creating sense within a shared memory that is organized around a collective need of knowledge, which directly impacts this memory. The aim is to ensure the cohesion of individual actions by relying on the synergy of intentions, which orient the collective action and give it its meaning. This research was built on a professional experience successful, although little followed by an administration mistaken by the mirage of an omnipotent technology. Its results are described in an attempt to perpetuate them, with the idea of extending their scope and promoting their use to other professionals with similar needs, in different fields such as, for example, scientific research.

隨著高分子材料工業的快速發展，塑膠材料被廣泛地應用在日常生活中各個不同的領域，而提供塑膠材料加工製品所需設備的塑膠機械產業的地位就日益重要。在我國國內的塑膠機械產業的年產值已經超過400億，而且在外銷的比例上更高達八成以上，是僅次於工具機的第二大機械類產業；然而由於經濟全球化的發展，以及中國大陸等新興國家崛起的衝擊，使得國內的塑膠機械產業受到嚴重影響而呈現外移的現象。 在這個動盪劇烈的年代，企業將無法再滿足於現狀的象牙塔之中，而是必須不斷的藉由創新開發增加企業的能量，建立企業產品的差異化，將創意轉化為滿足顧客需求的客製化實體價值，來提升企業自我的競爭優勢；是以在做個案公司策略研究時，依據企業所處的的產業外部環境與企業本身所具有的條件，然後探討其策營運略形成與所產生的策略效果。 本研究最後係以策略六大構面理論作為策略分析的結論，對於採取有別於計畫性量產的塑膠機械產業業者，而以客製化為營運模式的代表性業者，以進行深度訪談的研究方法，來進行個案企業的策略研究；在面臨越來越激烈的國際競爭環境中，對於未來的環境發展動向的掌握，企圖透過對於個案企業的營運策略的研究，匯聚個案公司過往的營運經驗，提供相關產業業者參考方案，共同開創新的市場利基，以真正提升我國國內塑膠機械產業在國際上的競爭優勢，也為產業業者的永續發展奠定穩固的基石。 / As the polymer materials industry's rapid growth, plastic materials are widely used in daily life in many different areas, and provides plastic materials processing products required equipment for plastic machinery industry increasingly important role. The plastic machinery industry's annual output of more than 400 million, and in the export ratio is as high as 80%, is only next to the machine tools - the second largest of the general mechanical engineering industry; However, because of the development of economic globalization, and the Mainland China, and so the impact of the rise of emerging countries, makes plastic machinery industry severely affected and move out. In this turbulent rapid, enterprises will no longer be able to meet with the status quo of ivory, Instead, the enterprises must continuously by innovation development increase energy, set up an enterprise product differentiation, creativity to meet customer demand for customized orders entity value, to enhance the competitive advantage of corporate self; In the case of the company policy of doing, according to the enterprise's external environment of industrial and enterprise itself has a condition, and then examine its strategy of trading on the formation and the resulting policy effects. This last line to policy six dimensions theory as policy analysis of the case, for taking different from planned volume production of the plastic machinery industry firms, and to customized to operating mode of representation firms, by depth interviews of research methods, to conduct research on enterprise policy cases; in the face of increasingly fierce international competition environment, for the future development of the environment, using for cases of operation of the enterprise strategy, will bring together the cases previously operating experience, provide relevant industry operators reference scenario, common around the world to market niche, to really improve the domestic plastic machinery industry in the world of competitive advantage, as well as industrial companies in the sustainable development lay the cornerstone.

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