My thesis deals with the problems of the Fair Trade business not only on the market of the European Union but it deals with these problems on the market of the Czech republic. The preface deals with the question {\clqq} why did I choose this theme``. The Fair Trade is good exaple and hits off the subjekt of my work. The second part of my thesis is concentrated on the importance and the function of the business from the theoretical standpoint. First of all I define advantages of business and then I put it together with the determinated functions from the economic aspects.The third part of my thesis describes methods, that was used to achieve the determination aims of my thesis.I determined the social {--} economic function and the consequence of the Fair Trade business. The fourth part is the analytical part of my thesis. There is the analysis of the environment of the Fair trade in the teritory of the Czech Republic in the frame of the providing of services and a acquaintanceship this brend in our republic, because the Fair Trade is there still almost unknown and there aren´t datas of researches.The last part of my thesis contains the summary and the betterment this problems.

Submitted by Aline Tassar de Moraes Ferreira (alinetassar@gmail.com) on 2018-09-20T18:05:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_AlineTassar_finalFGV.pdf: 895694 bytes, checksum: 278c6a065025d945871752d49f96fd53 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-09-24T19:05:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_AlineTassar_finalFGV.pdf: 895694 bytes, checksum: 278c6a065025d945871752d49f96fd53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T19:51:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_AlineTassar_finalFGV.pdf: 895694 bytes, checksum: 278c6a065025d945871752d49f96fd53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-24 / Objetivo: Este estudo pretende aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o comportamento do consumidor em torno de práticas éticas. Um crescente grupo de pesquisadores vem analisando como as preocupações éticas dos consumidores em relação às práticas comerciais vem se traduzindo em comportamento real no momento da decisão de compra. Apesar desse crescente interesse, o consenso está longe de ser definido. Enquanto uma linha de pesquisa afirma que os consumidores estão mais dispostos a comprar produtos inseridos em um ambiente ético, outra vertente afirma que o discurso e ações dos consumidores não necessariamente se mostram coerentes. Embora os consumidores relatem ter preocupações éticas e valorizem marcas cujas práticas seguem padrões éticos, eles não estão dispostos a comprar mais produtos ou serviços dessas mesmas marcas. Metodologia: Realizamos um estudo experimental manipulando três diferentes apelos de marketing relacionados à ética (doação, comércio justo, controle) para testar esses achados conflitantes. Resultado: Neste estudo, os consumidores estavam mais dispostos a comprar produtos associados a doações, mas essa diferença desapareceu quando introduzimos uma variável dependente mais realista (ou seja, a vontade de receber informações adicionais via e-mail). Além disso, os recursos de comércio justo não influenciaram nem as intenções de compra dos consumidores nem sua disposição em receber informações adicionais. Implicações práticas também são discutidas.Limitações: Uma das principais limitações desse estudo se deve ao fato de não envolver um cenário totalmente realista e assim não captar as reais intenções de compra. Uma avaliação mais realista das intenções de compra evitaria armadilhas potenciais de desejabilidade social, criando uma avaliação mais precisa da variável dependente principal. Contribuições Sociais e Práticas: Ao se aprofundar no entendimento do comportamento ético do consumidor, as empresas podem evoluir em suas ofertas que entreguem benefícios para o consumidor, para o negócio e o bem estar coletivo. Originalidade: Poucos estudos relacionados ao Comportamento Ético do consumidor foram feitos usando o método do experimento e também com algumas especificidades do mercado da moda. / Purpose: This study intends to deepen the knowledge about consumer behavior around ethical practices. An increasing body of research has analyzed whether and how consumers’ ethical concerns regarding business practices translates into actual behavior. Despite this burgeoning interest, consensus is far from granted. Whereas one strand of research claims that consumers are more willing to buy products embedded in an ethical environment, another strand asserts that consumers’ words and deeds do not match. Precisely, although consumers report having high ethical concerns and valuing brands whose practices follow ethical standards; they are not willing to purchase more products or services from these same brands. Design/Methodology: We conducted one experimental study manipulating three different ethics-related marketing appeals (donation, fair trade, control) to test these conflicting findings. Findings: In this study, consumers were more willing to purchase products associated with donations, but this difference vanished when we introduced a more realistic dependent variable (i.e., willingness to receive additional information via e-mail). Furthermore, fair trade appeals did not influence neither consumers’ purchase intentions nor their willingness to receive additional information. Practical implications are also discussed. Research limitations: The main limitation of this study is related to does not involve a totally realistic scenario and thus does not capture the real intentions of buying. A more realistic assessment of purchase intentions would avoid potential pitfalls of social desirability, creating a more accurate evaluation of the principal dependent variable. Practical and Social implications: By deepening the understanding of consumer ethical behavior, companies can evolve their offers delivering benefits to the consumer, to the business and to the collective well-being. Originality: Few studies related to Consumer Ethical Behavior were done using the experiment method and using also some specificities of the fashion Market.

How affected are the sugar production in Mozambique and Tanzania by EU sugar regime? What does the EU sugar reform constitute in these countries? Using theories regarding free trade and anti-free trade, I am able to answer these questions. The aim of this paper is to study how the various sugar agreements with EU affect the sugar production in Mozambique and Tanzania. Therefore I am using a method called a most similar system design in this comparative case study. The conclusion is that the EU sugar regime is the main reason to how the sugar productions in developing countries are. This conclusion is drawn since the difference in their developed sugar production is based on the importance of an advantageous sugar agreement. This can be applied to the case in Tanzania, which had a higher sugar export when the country had an advantageous sugar agreement with EU. Now when the trade has been more liberalized with the sugar reform the country does not have the same advantageous agreements with EU and the sugar export has been smaller. Compared to Tanzania Mozambique has had a better development in their sugar production, since their trade agreements with EU is better today than before 2001.

Le modèle de production, consommation et distribution agro-industriel fait l’objet depuis les années 1970 de critiques portant sur son impact environnemental, économique et sociétal. En réponse à ces critiques, s'est développé depuis les années 60 au Japon, 80 aux États- Unis, et plus récemment en France, une diversité d’initiatives et d’expérimentations socio-économiques visant à soutenir une agriculture plus respectueuse de l’homme et de la planète, basée sur de nouvelles formes d’organisation et orientée vers des échange économiques plus justes. Ces initiatives, qualifiées de systèmes agro-alimentaires alternatifs, associent de manière variée des modes production respectueux de la planète (agriculture raisonnée et biologique, agro-écologie, permaculture. Ils s’appuient par ailleurs sur des formes organisationnelles ancrées dans des dynamiques d’économie sociale et solidaire : Amaps, circuits-courts, coopératives, initiatives de commerce équitable local. Ils développent ainsi des modèles de gouvernance et d'organisation qui reconsidèrent les finalités et les modalités de l’activité économique et sont animés par une volonté de s’engager dans une « autre économie ». La question de la justice dans l’échange, incarnée par la cherche d'un prix juste, est centrale pour ces initiatives.Dans ce contexte, la thèse propose d’analyser la construction d’un prix juste au sein d’un système agro-alimentaire alternatif, engagé dans une démarche de commerce équitable local et s’appuyant sur une forme organisationnelle innovante. Il s’appuie sur le suivi, pendant trois ans, de la Société Coopérative d’Intérêt Collectif Alter-Conso, engagée dans la distribution hebdomadaire de paniers issus de l’agriculture biologique, locale et paysanne dans 14 lieux de distribution de l’agglomération lyonnaise. Cette SCIC se caractérise par un projet d’entreprise orienté vers une transformation des modes de production et de consommation alimentaire, et s'appuie sur une démarche ancrée dans les principes et valeurs coopératives. Elle réunit autour d'un même projet quatre catégories d'acteurs : salariés, producteurs, consommateurs, et sympathisants. Au sein de la coopérative, l’activité marchande est le support d’un projet avant tout sociétal et politique, orienté vers une transformation des pratiques agricoles et des modalités de gestion de l’activité économique. La thèse propose d’analyser comment les acteurs de la coopérative construisent un prix juste, au regard du projet d’entreprise et de ses modalités d’organisation.La thèse permet de montrer que la construction du prix juste au sein de cette organisation reflète une exigence de justice à la fois procédurale, commutative, et distributive. Ce travail met par ailleurs en évidence un processus de fixation du prix alternatif au prix de marché, et qui incarne les spécificités d’une organisation coopérative à finalité sociale. La construction du prix juste intègre par les finalités et les valeurs de la coopérative, à la fois dans les critères de définition et dans le choix des procédures de fixation du prix. Le prix juste est ainsi construit sur la base d’une discussion et indépendamment des variations de l’offre et de la demande. Il est défini sur la base d’une relation tripartite, durable et compréhensive entre producteurs, salariés et consommateurs de la coopérative, caractérisée par une reconnaissance des besoins réciproques des acteurs concernés par l'échange. / The industrial model of food production, consumption and distribution has been criticised since the seventies in reference to its environmental, social and economical impacts. These critics led to the emergence of a diversity of socio-economic initiatives, engaged in the promotion of a model of agriculture that is more respectful of the planet and its inhabitants, based on new organizational forms and oriented towards fair economic exchange. These alternative food systems refer to a diversity of production methods, including responsible and organic farming, agroecology, permaculture. Alternative food systems generally rely on organisations engaged in a social or solidarity economy : Community supported agriculture, short food supply channels, cooperatives, local fair trade. They reconsider the purpose and terms of economic activity and are driven by a desire to engage in an alternative economy. The question of fairness in exchange, embodied by the will to define a fair price, is of central matter for these initiatives.In this context, this thesis aims at analysing the construction of a fair price within an alternative food system. This system is engaged in a dynamic of local fair trade, and is based on an innovative organizational form. An empirical study has been conducted during three years within the cooperative Alter-Conso. This social cooperative proposes a weekly distribution of local and organic food products, in 14 delivery points in and around the city of Lyon. It puts forward the values and principle of a social and solidarity economy, and brings together into cooperation four categories of members : employees, producers, consumers, supporters. In this sense, economic activity aims primarily at achieving a social and political goal, oriented towards a transformation of agricultural practices and questioning the dominant management practices of economic life. The thesis aims at analysing how the members of the cooperative construct a fair price, considering its social project and its organizational form.The thesis shows that the construction of a fair price articulates three forms of justice : distributive , commutative, and procedural. It shows how the cooperative defines a price definition process that is an alternative to the market price. Indeed, the price construction takes into account the values and social goals of the cooperative, both in the criteria that define a fair price and in the price fixation process. The price construction is based on a discussion among the cooperative’s stakeholders, regardless of the variations of supply and demand. It is constructed on the basis of a lasting, comprehensive and tripartite relationship between the producers, the consumers, and the cooperative employees. The relationship is based on reciprocity and on the recognition of the needs of all the people affected by the exchange.

Cette recherche porte sur l’adaptation socio-économique de la filière oléicole palestinienne face aux dispositifs de contrôle et de séparation israéliens (1993-2013). Cette filière a fait l’objet d’une profonde réhabilitation sur le plan politique, puisque les oliviers sont progressivement devenus l’icône du peuple palestinien et le symbole de sa lutte contre l’occupation. Tout en analysant la manière dont l’occupation bouleverse en profondeur leur environnement, l’étude envisage les Palestiniens comme des acteurs qui apprennent à contourner les restrictions israéliennes en développant des pratiques spécifiques et de nouveaux réseaux. L’analyse interroge notamment le rôle ambigu que jouent les acteurs étrangers, de plus en plus nombreux à se rendre en Cisjordanie pour des raisons professionnelles, touristiques, mais aussi militantes. Les oliviers palestiniens constituent un vecteur privilégié pour canaliser aussi bien les flux d’aide internationale que les manifestations de solidarité, ce qui génère de nombreuses retombées politiques et économiques. Des acteurs variés ont ainsi développé un large éventail de projets de développement, de services touristiques et de produits vendus au nom de la solidarité avec les Palestiniens, autour de l’oléiculture. En participant à ces nouveaux marchés, ils se soumettent à des contraintes qui les obligent à modifier leurs modes de faire, leurs discours, et leurs réseaux. Partant de l’étude des transformations des pratiques oléicoles sous l’effet de la politique de séparation, ce travail ouvre plus globalement sur une analyse de « l’économie de la séparation » et des relations entre les différents acteurs des espaces israélo-palestiniens / This research focuses on the socio-economic adaptation of the Palestinian olive oil sector in the face of Israeli control and separation schemes (1993-2013). This sector has benefited from a deep political rehabilitation, since olive trees have gradually become the icon of the Palestinian people and the symbol of their struggle against the occupation. While analyzing how the occupation devices deeply disrupt their environment, the study considers the Palestinians as active players who are learning to bypass Israeli restrictions by developing specific practices, formal and informal, and developing new networks. The analysis also focuses on the central role played by the growing number of foreigners in the West Bank (business people, tourists, pilgrims or activists). Palestinian olive trees are an opportune channel for both international aid and demonstrations of solidarity, generating many political and economic benefits. Various people have developed a wide range of development projects, tourist services and products sold in the name of solidarity with the Palestinians. By participating in these new markets, they undergo logistical and competitive constraints that force them to change their practices, their speeches and their networks. These interactions involve indeed a reorganization of economic practices but also a change in power, dependence and hierarchy relations between all the stakeholders. Based on the study of the transformations of olive practices as a result of the separation policy, this work opens more broadly into an analysis of "the separation of the economy" and the relationships between both the inhabitants and the visitors of Israeli-Palestinian lands.

The diploma thesis deals with validity of direct measurement of stated willingness to pay (WTP) in the fair trade context based on two-phase measurement applied in the INESAN survey. Attention is also paid to the unit of answer to an open-ended question and to the functionality of WTP as an indicator of purchase intent. First, fair trade, the concept of WTP with focus on areas of its application, ways of measurement, critics and problems of its use are introduced from the theoretical perspective. Further, cognitive aspects of the process of answering survey questions as a way of testing the functionality of a measurement tool are analyzed. The thesis is built on a combination of two survey methods, cognitive interviews and secondary analysis of quantitative data. It concludes that measuring WTP for the purpose of capturing the value of fair trade using direct stated method of measurement is problematic as numerous risks with impact on validity of acquired data appear. Those risks concern both the particular way of measurement and the direct stated WTP measurement in general, starting with ambiguous interpretation of WTP questions for a fair trade product among respondents. The thesis also shows that answering open-ended question in the form of percentage is cognitively more demanding than in the...

La certificación de Comercio Justo ha transformado el comercio convencional e impactado en la forma de trabajar de agricultores, exportadores y trabajadores dedicados al sector agroalimentario. La creciente demanda de productos sostenibles ha impulsado una mayor cantidad de productos certificados, entre ellos el banano. A pesar de que, este movimiento enfocado en los seres humanos y la sostenibilidad social, económica y medio ambiental de las sociedades no es un modelo comercial nuevo, aún existen personas que no tienen conocimiento de la existencia de los productos certificados por el Comercio Justo ni la labor que cumple mediante sus reglas establecidas. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el efecto del Comercio Justo en las exportaciones de bananos orgánicos producidos en Piura hacia Países Bajos durante el periodo 2013-2018, haciendo énfasis principalmente en 3 principios que deben cumplir las empresas exportadoras y asociaciones si desean comercializar sus productos con el sello de certificación, los cuales son creación de oportunidades para productores desfavorecidos, precio justo y respeto por el medio ambiente. La metodología de la investigación es de enfoque mixto. La información cuantitativa se analizó a través del modelo, en tanto que, para el desarrollo cualitativo se realizó entrevistas semi estructuradas a exportadores del sector. A partir, de la discusión de resultados del desarrollo cuantitativo y cualitativo se concluyó que la creación de oportunidades y el respeto por el medio ambiente tuvieron un efecto positivo en las exportaciones de banano orgánico de Piura hacia Países Bajos durante el periodo 2013-2018. / Fairtrade certification has transformed conventional trade and impacted the way of working of farmers, exporters and workers dedicated to the agri-food sector. The growing demand for sustainable products has fueled a greater number of certified products, including bananas. Despite the fact that this movement that focuses on human beings and the social, economic and environmental sustainability of societies is not a new business model, there are still people who are unaware of either the existence of Fair-Trade certified products or the work that it fulfills through its established rules. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of Fairtrade on the exports of organic bananas produced in Piura to the Netherlands during the period 2013-2018, mainly emphasizing 3 principles that exporting companies must comply with and associations if they want to have the certification seal on their products, which are creating opportunities for disadvantaged producers, fair prices and respect for the environment. The research methodology follows a mixed method design. Quantitative data was analyzed through the gravitational model and for the qualitative development, semi-structured interviews were carried out with exporters in the. From the discussion of quantitative and qualitative development results, it was concluded that create opportunities and respect for the environment had a positive effects on organic banana exports from Piura to the Netherlands during the period 2013-2018. / Tesis

La presente investigación se enfocó en determinar la relación del Comercio Justo con las comunidades exportadoras peruanas de banano orgánico de la Región Piura, específicamente la variación de las exportaciones, calidad de vida, certificaciones y desarrollo de capacidades, durante el periodo 2014 - 2018, la investigación fue de un enfoque cuantitativo correlacional y por las características de este estudio, también se utilizó un enfoque de investigación cualitativa. Para el enfoque cuantitativo se estudiaron 14 comunidades utilizando estadística correlacional de Rho Spearman, usando el software estadístico SPSS IBM; para el enfoque cualitativo, se utilizó muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, aplicando una entrevista semi-estructurada, usando el programa Atlas ti 8. Los resultados arrojaron que el Comercio Justo si está relacionado con la calidad de vida de las comunidades exportadoras, la adquisición de las certificaciones y el desarrollo de capacidades de los exportadores lo que conlleva a un mayor número de exportaciones durante los años 2014-2018 en Perú. / This research focused on determining the relationship of Fair Trade on Peruvian organic banana exports from the Piura region, specifically the variation in exports, quality of life, certifications and capacity development, during the period 2014-2018, the research was a correlacional quantitative approach and due to the characteristics of this study, a qualitative research approach was also used. For the quantitative approach, 14 communities and / or associations were studied using descriptive statistics, using the SPSS IBM statistical software; For the qualitative approach, non-probability sampling was used for convenience, applying a semi-structured interview, using the Atlas.ti 8 program. The results showed that fair trade has a relationship on the quality of life of exporting communities, the acquisition of certifications and capacity building of exporters leading to a greater number of exports during the years 2014-2018 in Peru. / Tesis

[pt] Através de sua abordagem restaurativa e regenerativa por princípio, a economia circular é capaz de trazer inúmeros benefícios quando combinada às práticas de agricultura orgânica, que consistem na produção de alimentos livres de contaminantes e que preza pela segurança e valorização do homem e do meio ambiente. Nesse estudo, a relação entre os dois temas será analisada sob o contexto da cafeicultura orgânica, setor que tem apresentado fortes tendências de crescimento e um amplo campo de desenvolvimento para novas práticas ao longo de toda a sua cadeia de suprimentos. O café é carbono negativo e capaz de ter seu ciclo completamente fechado, podendo ser reinserido de forma integral e segura no meio ambiente. A análise foi realizada utilizando os preceitos da metodologia ReSOLVE, desenvolvido pela Ellen MacArthur Foundation (regenerar, compartilhar, otimizar, ciclar, virtualizar e trocar) em empresas que produzem e/ou comercializam café orgânico, verificando a sua devida aplicabilidade ao longo das respectivas cadeias de suprimentos. O presente estudo é uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos estudos de casos com a realização de entrevistas estruturadas em profundidade com os atuais proprietários das empresas focais e a triangulação de dados, buscando validar sua confiabilidade. O resultado dessa pesquisa evidencia como a aplicação da economia circular nos modos de produção da cafeicultura orgânica é capaz de potencializar os resultados obtidos, através da cooperação e integração de sua cadeia de suprimentos, mas também constata a presença de algumas barreiras importantes a sua plena implementação. / [en] Through its restorative and regenerative approach by principle, the circular economy is able to bring numerous benefits when combined with organic farming practices, which consists in producing food free of contaminants and that values the safety and enhancement of man and the environment. In this study, the relationship between the two topics will be analyzed in the context of organic coffee farming, a sector that has shown strong growth trends and a wide field for the development of new practices throughout its supply chain. Coffee is carbon negative and capable of having its cycle completely closed, and can be fully and safely reinserted into the environment. The analysis was carried out using the precepts of the ReSOLVE methodology, developed by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation (regenerate, share, optimize, cycle, virtualize and exchange) in companies that produce and/or sell organic coffee, verifying its proper applicability along the respective supply chains. The present study is a qualitative research of descriptive character. To this end, case studies were developed with structured in-depth interviews with the current owners of the focal companies and data triangulation, seeking to validate its reliability. The result of this research shows how the application of the circular economy in organic coffee production methods is able to enhance the results obtained, through cooperation and integration of its supply chain, but also notes the presence of some important barriers to its full implementation.

No description available.