Masters of Commerce / In the twenty first century, the traditional roles in a nuclear family have changed. In the majority of modern families, both partners have careers and full-time jobs. Burnett, Gatrell, Cooper and Sparrow (2010) explain that the approach to working life is changing, both men and women want to find a balance between work, family and caring responsibilities. Guest (2002) also elaborates that work-life balance has always been a concern for those interested in the quality of working life and the relation to broader quality of life. Due to the challenges which employees are currently facing, flexible work arrangements have become an increasingly popular business practice around the globe as a means to reduce work-life conflict. Many organisations offer flexible work arrangements with the goal of facilitating positive outcomes for both organisations and employees (Joiner & Bakalis, 2006). However, other organisations are still resistant to introducing flexible work arrangements as they fear it might impact negatively on productivity (Johnson, 2004; Martinez-Sanchez, Perez-Perez, Jose Vela-Jimenez & de-Luis Carnicer, 2008). While literature on flexible working hours has increased in recent times, no study has been found on the relationships between flexible working hours, employee engagement and organisational commitment in the retail sector in South Africa. Therefore this study focused on the relationship between flexible working hours, employee engagement and organisational commitment. The study followed a quantitative approach and the questionnaires were completed by 161 respondents. The two statistical approaches used to draw conclusions for this study are descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found significant relationships between flexible working hours, employee engagement and organisational commitment. The study also found a significant relationship between different age groups and flexible working hours as well as male and female and their use of flexible working hours. In conclusion, if retailers want to remain competitive in the retail industry where international competition is rife, they will have to ensure that they have the best talent. In order to acquire top talent, they will need to implement policies that will attract and retain them. Based on the findings and results, flexible working hours could substantially assist by increasing their employee engagement and organisational commitment and thereby attracting and retaining the top talent in the South African retail industry.

This work focuses on the question of contemporary forms of fatherhood and thus responds to the current discussion about the greater involvement of men in childcare and domestic work. This ongoing discussion is closely associated with the equal opportunities for men and women. However, existing research shows that in most czech families the traditional gender division of family roles, which disadvantages women both within family and work life and limits men in fulfilling their parentel role, still prevails. The concept of active fatherhood presents man as an equally competent parent as a woman who is actively and more equally involved in childcare and domestic work. Poromoting this concept should help to eliminate inequalities mentioned above. The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic, in support of active fatherhood, has conducted sociological research "The Forms of Paternity in the Czech Republic". The qualitative research carried out in this work is based on the research areas of the qualitative part of the mentioned research, specifically the part focused on the involvement of fathers in childcare and their ideas about the father's role. Conducted research tries to provide a more complete picture of the form of fatherhood through the inclusion of women to my research. The...

This dissertation examines a community of men who write online parenting blogs—known as “dad bloggers.” The emergence of dad bloggers in North America is nascent, under-researched, and a result of recent shifts in work-family arrangements, gender expectations, and the proliferation of social media technologies. Accordingly, this dissertation is designed to provide three distinct, yet interrelated, contributions to the literature on: families and parenthood; gender and masculinities; and media communications and communities. Taking a cyber-ethnographic approach, this is the first study of dad bloggers to collect online and offline data in order to investigate personal, interpersonal, and public meaning-making practices. The entire dataset consists of 1,430 blog posts written by 45 bloggers, approximately 50 hours of fieldwork conducted at The Dad 2.0 Summit conferences from 2016 to 2018, and 5 in-depth interviews. In three substantive chapters, I address: (1) the collective actions and goals that shape dad bloggers’ group culture and public engagement; (2) the creation and dissemination of meanings for fatherhood in an online context; and (3) the negotiation of gendered family roles and articulation of masculinity discourses by fathers. Collectively, this research provides new empirical and theoretical insights about the social construction of fatherhood in the contemporary digital age. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Psykisk ohälsa är något som de allra flesta kommer i kontakt med någon gång under livet, antingen genom att själv drabbas eller som anhörig. I den här kvalitativa studien undersöks anhörigskapets konsekvenser, med utgångspunkt i Goffmans teori om stigma samt Morgans teori om familjepraktiker, för den som vårdar eller stöttar en närstående med psykisk ohälsa. Studien utgår från semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio anhöriga till personer med psykisk ohälsa. Resultatet påvisar att anhöriga på många sätt har en komplex och utmanade situation där de inte sällan hamnar i kläm mellan den närståendes behov och önskemål och omgivningens förväntningar och fördomar. För många anhöriga upplevs tillgången till stöd från vård och sociala myndigheter som mycket begränsad varpå många känner sig ensamma och utlämnade i sitt anhörigskap. Möjligheten att möta andra i samma situation, snabb inkludering och ett gott bemötande i samband med den drabbade familjemedlemmens vårdkontakter samt stöd från andra närstående framhålls som viktiga faktorer för att uppnå ett långsiktigt och hållbart liv i rollen som anhörig. / Mental illness is something that the vast majority of people come intocontact with at some point in their lives, either by being affected themselvesor as a relative. In this qualitative study, the consequences of kinship forthose who care for or support a loved one with mental illness are examinedbased on Goffman's theory of stigma and Morgan's theory of familypractices. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with tenrelatives of people with mental illness. The results show that relatives inmany ways have a complex and challenging situation where they often findthemselves caught between the needs and wishes of the next of kin and theexpectations and prejudices of those around them. For many relatives, theaccess to support from health care and social authorities is experienced asvery limited, which is why many feel alone and abandoned in their role asrelatives. The possibility of meeting others in the same situation, quickinclusion and good treatment when meeting with the affected familymember's care contacts as well as support from other relatives arehighlighted as important factors for achieving a long-term and sustainablelife in the role of the relative caregiver.

[pt] Nesta tese apresenta-se a pesquisa que teve como objetivo investigar a percepção de maridos e filhas a respeito de esposas e mães que têm uma carreira profissional e exercem uma atividade remunerada fora do lar, as possíveis modificações nas atribuições dos homens na família, a forma como as filhas estão vivenciando essas mudanças e a relevância das redes de apoio no ambiente familiar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, para cuja consecução procedeu-se a entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatorze sujeitos – sete maridos e sete filhas (sujeitos independentes) – residentes em uma cidade localizada no interior sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A partir da fundamentação teórica e da análise de conteúdo das falas dos sujeitos entrevistados, foram propostas onze categorias temáticas de avaliação. Os resultados apontam que há maior participação masculina na rotina doméstica e nos cuidados com as filhas, mas que a mulher continua a ser a principal responsável por essas atividades, carregando culpa e angústia por não exercer totalmente o que considera suas funções exclusivas. Na percepção dos maridos, houve melhorias no relacionamento conjugal e familiar com a saída da mulher para o trabalho remunerado, além de ser vantajosa sua contribuição na composição da renda familiar. Na concepção das filhas, ter uma mãe que trabalha fora de casa é motivo de orgulho e satisfação, embora se depreendam de suas falas sentimentos ambíguos, como independência e solidão; apesar de os papéis desempenhados por seus pais estarem bem distribuídos, elas elegem a mãe como a principal referência. A relevância das redes de apoio é inferida pela ajuda de familiares nos cuidados com as filhas e de diversos profissionais na execução de tarefas domésticas, além de apoio e cooperação de irmãos e amigos. / [en] In this thesis it is presented the research that has as main goal to investigate the perception of husbands and children about their wives and mothers who have a career and are no longer just housewives. Were investigated the possible changes of men s duties in the family, the way daughters are experiencing these changes and the importance of social support networks in a family environment. This is a qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews conducted with fourteen individuals – seven husbands and seven daughters (independent individuals) – all of them living in a city in the south of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Starting from the theoretical foundation and analysis of the interviewees content, it was proposed eleven theme categories for evaluation purpose. The results indicate that there is an increase of the male participation in the domestic routine and in the caring for their daughters, but that women continue to be the main responsible for these activities, carrying guilt and anguish for not fully exercising what they consider to be their exclusive function. According to husbands perception, there were improvements in the marriage and family relationships with women going out to the market, in addition to the contribution to the family revenue. Regarding daughters perception, having a mother who works outside their home is a reason of pride and satisfaction, even though we can identify in their speech ambiguous feelings such as independence, loneliness and helplessness. Although the roles played by their parents are well distributed, they have elect the mother as their main reference. The importance of support networks is inferred by the help of family members in the care of the daughters and by several professionals in performing domestic chores, as well as support and cooperation from brothers and friends.

Den somaliskfödda gruppen beskrivs ofta som den mest svårintegrerade i Sverige med en stor underrepresentation på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. De beskrivs ha traditionella värderingar och könsroller som ofta dikterar arbetsfördelning och funktioner i familjen. Den aktuella studien ämnar undersöka effekten av ett förvärvsarbete för somaliska familjeroller i ett migrationsperspektiv. Genom att jämföra lönearbetande och arbetslösa somaliskfödda kvinnors upplevelser avser studien även belysa förvärvsarbetets betydelse för kvinnans vardagsliv. Uppsatsen bygger på tidigare forskning om de historiska, sociala och transnationella dimensionerna i somaliskt familjeliv och kultur samt teoretiska begrepp såsom rollkonflikt, rollförändring och rollförhandling. En kvalitativ jämförande fallstudie har genomförts, där resultatet baseras på data från semistrukturerade intervjuer. Åtta respondenter deltog i undersökningen, varav fyra var förvärvsarbetande och fyra arbetslösa somaliskfödda kvinnor. Med utgångspunkt från tidigare forskning och samhällsvetenskapens rollteori har resultatet analyserats för att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna. I resultatet framkommer det att det finns vissa skillnader mellan de båda grupperna. De somaliska familjerna där kvinnorna inte befinner sig i ett förvärvsarbete har en distinkt uppdelning av hushållsarbetet, där kvinnan står för majoriteten av sysslorna. Det är även tydligt att de traditionella somaliska familjerollerna fortfarande vidmakthålls. I de familjer där de somaliskfödda kvinnorna lönearbetar däremot, har de traditionella familjerollerna uppluckrats och lett till en mer jämlik fördelning av hushållsarbetet. Där delar mannen, kvinnan och barnen på ansvaret. Fortsättningsvis framkommer det att de arbetslösa somaliskfödda kvinnorna är mycket angelägna om att ha ett arbete då självständighet från stat och myndigheter är drivkraften. För de lönearbetande kvinnorna framkommer istället ett tydligare fokus på att vara självständig från mannen och kunna bestämma mer i familjeangelägenheter. Resultatet visar även hur samhällets förväntningar på kvinnorna har påverkat deras drivkrafter till att arbeta och sätt att tänka om sin funktion i familjen. / Somali-born immigrants are often described as the most difficult group to integrate into Swedish society with an extensive underrepresentation on the Swedish labour market as well as traditional values and gender roles that often dictate the division of labour and functions in the family. This study aims to examine the effects of a job on Somali family roles from a migration perspective. By comparing wage-earning and unemployed Somali-born women's experiences, the study also aspires to elucidate the importance of a job in their everyday life. The essay is based on previous research on the historical, social and transnational dimensions of Somali family life and culture, as well as theoretical concepts such as role conflict, role change and role negotiation. A qualitative comparative case study has been conducted, based on data from semi-structured interviews. Eight respondents participated in the survey – four employed and four unemployed women born in Somalia. The results were then analyzed in the light of previous research and the theoretical concepts. The result shows that there are some interesting differences between the two groups. The Somali families in which the women are unemployed have a distinct division of the household work, where the woman assumes the majority of the workload. Here it is also clear that traditional Somali family roles are still of importance. However, in the families where the Somali-born women have employment, traditional family roles have changed and led to a more even distribution of household work, where the men, women and children share the responsibility. Furthermore, it appears that the unemployed Somali-born women are very keen to have a job, as independence from the state and government is a main driving force. For the wage-earners on the other hand, there is a clearer focus on being independent from the man and being able to be a decision-maker in family matters. The result also illustrates how society's expectations on women influence their driving forces to work and the way they think about their role in the family.

No description available.

No description available.

Объектом исследования является семья как социально-психологический феномен. Предметом исследования являются представления о семье у пар с разной продолжительностью супружеской жизни: семейные мифы, ролевые ожидания, внутрисемейные роли. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (65 источников), и приложений, включающих в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 103 страницы, на которых размещены 10 таблиц и 3 рисунка. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, указывается теоретико-методологическое основание работы, ставится цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируется гипотеза исследования, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, описана выборка испытуемых, а также формируется теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме семьи. Представлены разделы, посвященные анализу семьи в психологии, исследованию развития семьи на разных этапах, исследованию социального представления, а также исследованию представлений членов семьи о своей семье. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации исследования, описана выборка испытуемых, а также описаны методы проведенного исследования и результаты, полученные по всем использованным методикам: опроснику «Ролевые ожидания партнеров» (РОП) А.Н. Волковой, опроснику «Распределение ролей в семье» Ю.Е. Алешиной, Л.Я. Гозмана, Е.М. Дубовской, опроснику «Анализ семейного мифа» А.А. Нестеровой. А также, во второй главе представлены результаты описательного и сравнительного анализа. Выводы по второй главе включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической части исследования, представлен психологический портер исследуемых пар, а также представлен вывод по выдвинутой гипотезе. / The object of research is the family as a socio-psychological phenomenon. The subject of the study is the ideas about the family in couples with different lengths of married life: family myths, role expectations, intra-family roles. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (65 sources), and applications, including forms of the methods used. The volume of the master's thesis is 103 pages, which contain 10 tables and 3 figures. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, indicates the theoretical and methodological basis of the work, sets the goal and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates the research hypothesis, indicates the methods and empirical base, describes the sample of subjects, and also forms the theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of the family. Sections are presented on the analysis of the family in psychology, the study of family development at different stages, the study of social representation, as well as the study of the ideas of family members about their family. The conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It describes the organization of the study, describes the sample of subjects, and describes the methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: the questionnaire «Role expectations of partners» (ROP) A.N. Volkova, the questionnaire «Distribution of roles in the family» Yu.E. Aleshina, L.Ya. Gozman, E.M. Dubovskaya, the questionnaire «Analysis of the family myth» A.A. Nesterova. In addition, the second chapter presents the results of a descriptive and comparative analysis. The conclusions of the second chapter include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the study are summarized, the psychological porter of the couples under study is presented, and the conclusion on the hypothesis put forward is presented.