Tem sido apontado que tanto a avaliação da flexibilidade e/ou mobilidade corporal, quanto à avaliação da postura estática configuram um aspecto importante de ser observado antes de começar uma intervenção postural. Embora a flexibilidade seja primordial na estratégia para o movimento do corpo no espaço, ainda são incipientes as evidências acerca da relação entre a postura estática e a mobilidade da coluna vertebral. Visando fornecer subsídios para a compreensão dessa questão, a presente dissertação foi dividida em dois estudos: Estudo 1 – Objetivou investigar se existem evidencias de correlação entre flexibilidade e/ou mobilidade corporal com a postura estática. Esse estudo trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais e ensaios clínicos randomizados e seguiu as recomendações da Colaboração Cochrane. Com as palavras chave “Static Posture”, “Flexibility” e “Mobility”, realizou-se uma pesquisa nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Science, Embase e Bireme. Foram lidos na íntegra 51 estudos, após crivo dos critérios de elegibilidade (apresentação dos resultados do teste de correlação ou associação entre variáveis da postura estática e de mobilidade no plano sagital, evidenciando o grau e o sentido da relação). Destes, foram incluídos oito estudos, todos com alta qualidade metodológica, tendo a presente revisão forte força de evidência científica. Em linhas gerais, conclui-se que a presente RS apresenta evidências de que a flexibilidade corporal está relaciona com a postura corporal. E que apesar da maioria dos estudos incluídos concordarem entre si e apresentaram valores de correlação diferentes, estas diferenças podem ser explicadas devido à individualidade da flexibilidade corporal que irá apresentar padrões posturais diferentes Estudo 2 – A partir de uma amostra de 82 indivíduos, divididos em dois grupos (Padrão Postural Posterior - PPP e Padrão Postural Anterior - PPA), objetivou-se correlacionar as variáveis posturais estáticas (Padrões Posturais, ângulo das curvaturas dorsal, lombar e inclinação da pelve, também pulsão da pelve), obtidas pela avaliação postural estática no plano sagital utilizando a fotogrametria, com a flexibilidade da coluna vertebral e dos isquiotibiais nos movimentos de flexão e extensão mensurados pelo flexímetro. Na análise estatística foram utilizados os seguintes testes: teste de correlação Momento-Produto de Pearson, teste de correlação de Spearman, teste de correlação de Kendall’s tau-b, teste t independente ou o teste de Mann Whitney, teste t pareado e teste qui-quadrado. (<0,05). Na comparação entre os grupos, o grupo PPA apresentou valores significativamente maiores em relação ao grupo PPP para: ADM de Extensão da CV [t = 566,5, p = 0,011], Lordose Lombar (LL) [t (80) = 2,44, p ≤ 0,05] e Inclinação da Pelve (IP) [t (80) = 4,970, p≤0,001]; e valores significativamente menores para a Cifose Dorsal (CD) [t (80) = -5,99, p ≤ 0,001]. Quanto aos resultados de correlação, no grupo PPA houve correlação significativa e inversa entre a CD com a ADM de Extensão da CV (r=-0,34; p=0,027); e no grupo PPP houve correlação significativa e direta entre a CD com o Movimento de Flexão da CV (r=0,31; p=0,001), entre a CD com a ADM de isquiostibiais (r=0,26; p=0,044) e entre a LL com o Movimento de Flexão da CV (r=0,42; p=0,001) Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que para os indivíduos PPA existe correlação entre a Cifose Dorsal e a ADM extensão da CV e para os indivíduos PPP, entre a Cifose Dorsal e Lordose Lombar com o movimento de Flexão da CV e entre a Cifose Dorsal e a ADM isquiostibiais. Esses resultados sugerem que a postura estática das massas tórax – pelve, vista no PS, que é dado por padrões posturais anterior ou posterior à um eixo vertical, está relacionada com a flexibilidade e/ou mobilidade corporal. Logo, ao identificarmos um padrão postural que apresenta uma organização articular e muscular diferente na busca por posicionamento do corpo no espaço, pode-se ter uma melhor compreensão das possíveis restrições de movimento e assim direcionar melhor o tratamento fisioterapêutico postural. / It has been pointed out that both the assessment of flexibility and / or body mobility, and the evaluation of static posture constitute an important aspect to be observed before beginning a postural intervention. Although flexibility is paramount in the strategy for body movement in space, the evidence about the relationship between static posture and spine mobility is still incipient. In order to provide support for the understanding of this issue, the present dissertation was divided into two studies: Study 1 - The objective was to investigate if there is evidence of a correlation between flexibility and / or body mobility with static posture. This study is a systematic review of observational studies and randomized clinical trials and followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. With the keywords "Static Posture", "Flexibility" and "Mobility", a search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Science, Embase and Bireme. A total of 51 studies were read following the eligibility criteria (presentation of the results of the correlation test or association between static and mobility variables in the sagittal plane, showing the degree and the meaning of the relationship). Of these, eight studies were included, all of them with high methodological quality, and the present review has strong evidence base. In general terms, it is concluded that the RS presents evidence that body flexibility is related to body posture. And although most of the included studies agree with each other and have different correlation values, these differences can be explained due to the individuality of the body flexibility that will present different posture patterns Study 2 - A sample of 82 individuals, divided into two groups (Posterior Postural Pattern - PPP and Anterior Postural Pattern - PPA), aimed to correlate the static postural variables (Postural Patterns, dorsal, lumbar and slope curvature angle Of the pelvis, also the pelvic drive), obtained by the static evaluation in the sagittal plane using the photogrammetry, with the flexibility of the spine and the hamstrings in the flexion and extension movements measured by the fleximeter. In the statistical analysis, the following tests were used: Pearson's Moment-Product correlation test, Spearman's correlation test, Kendall's tau-b correlation test, independent t-test or the Mann Whitney test, paired t-test, square. ( <0.05). In the comparison between the groups, the PPA group presented significantly higher values in relation to the PPP group for: CV Extension ADM [t = 566.5, p = 0.011], Lumbosarcoma (LL) [t (80) = 2, 44, p ≤ 0.05] and Pelvic Tilt (PI) [t (80) = 4.970, p≤0.001]; And significantly lower values for Dorsal Kyphosis (CD) [t (80) = -5.99, p ≤ 0.001]. Regarding the correlation results, in the PPA group there was a significant and inverse correlation between the CD with the CV Extension ROM (r = -0.34; p = 0.027); (R = 0.26, p = 0.044), and in the PPP group, there was a significant and direct correlation between the CD with the Flexion Movement of the CV (r = 0.31, p = 0.001) between the CD with the ischiatibial ROM And between the LL with the CV Flexion Movement (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) Based on the results, it is concluded that for PPA individuals there is a correlation between Dorsal Kyphosis and ADM extension of CV and for PPP individuals, between Dorsal Kyphosis and Lumbar Lordosis with CV Flexion movement and between Dorsal Kyphosis And ischiatibial ADM. These results suggest that the static posture of the thorax - pelvis mass, seen in PS, that is given by postural patterns anterior or posterior to a vertical axis, is related to flexibility and / or body mobility. Therefore, when we identify a postural pattern that presents a different articular and muscular organization in the search for positioning of the body in space, we can have a better understanding of the possible restrictions of movement and thus better target the postural physiotherapeutic treatment.

Em uma operação mineira, a quantidade e a qualidade do minério disponível para alimentação na usina são essenciais para a continuidade e flexibilidade das operações. A quantidade de minério liberado não é considerada em softwares especialistas de sequenciamento de lavra. Geralmente quando o minério liberado é utilizado em rotinas de planejamento, a tonelagem mínima de minério liberado é definida a partir de métodos empíricos. Este estudo desenvolve uma metodologia que auxilia na definição da quantidade de minério liberado a ser considerada nos planos de lavra. Por meio da análise de um estudo de caso, usando krigagem ordinária como método de estimativa e simulação geoestatística para acesso à incerteza, foi avaliado o potencial da metodologia proposta. Foram gerados planos de lavra de cinco anos como referência a partir de cada um dos dois modelos de blocos. Os sequenciamentos de referência foram usados para gerar novos sequenciamentos, com quantidades variáveis de minério liberado (a saber, um, três, cinco e oito meses) para homogeneização na lavra, com posterior alimentação de usina com pilhas de homogeneização. Usando estas possíveis configurações, observou-se o impacto no valor presente líquido de cada um dos cenários e os efeitos do uso de minério liberado na variação de teores para composição de pilhas de homogeneização. A convergência desses critérios é capaz de fornecer diretrizes para a definição da quantidade adequada de minério liberado, a ser usada nos planos de lavra, que permita um balanço entre despesas com antecipação de descobertura para liberação de minério e, também, propicie uma atenuação da variância de teores na formação de pilhas de homogeneização para alimentação da usina. / In a mining operation the quantity and quality of the exposed ore available for plant feeding are essential for the continuity and flexibility of the operations. The quantity of exposed ore it is not considered in the mine sequencing specialist softwares. Generally when esposed ore is considered in mine planning routines, the minimum tonnage of exposed ore is defined by empirical methods. This study develops a methodology that helps in the definition of the quantity of exposed ore to be considered in the mine planning. Trough analyzing a case study, using ordinary kriging and geoestatistical simulation to access the uncertainty, it was evaluated the proposed methodology potential. It was generated five year mine planning as a reference for each one of the two block models. The reference mine plans were used to generate new scenarios with variable quantities of exposed ore (namely one, three, five and eight months) to mining blend, with posterior plant feed with homogenization piles. Using these possible configurations, it was observed the impact on the net present value of each scenario and the effects of using exposed ore on the grade variability while composing homogenization piles. The convergence of these criteria is able to give drivers for the definition of the quantity of exposed ore, to be used in the mine plans, which balances the expenses with stripping anticipation for ore exposure and give lower grade variability in the homogenization pile formation for plant feed.

I dagens samhälle ser inte arbetsplatsernas sociala miljö likadan ut som förr, idag krävs det mer både utav anställda och arbetsgivare när det kommer till att se efter de sociala relationerna. Nyckeln till framgång inom många stora företag sägs vara kommunikation och samarbetsförmåga. Mycket ansvar läggs på den som leder gruppen med anställda och ett företags framgång hänger ofta ihop med hur en ledare styr sin personal. Dagens arbete skiljer sig från förr i tiden, idag krävs det att anställda och personalansvariga är mycket mer flexibla, har samarbetsförmåga och är motiverade att utföra sitt arbete. Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv förstå relationen mellan ledare och grupp och belysa ledarens roll i sammanhanget. Personansvariga och anställda som blev intervjuade arbetade på tre olika orter på ett inomhus-lekland för barn. Analysen berör aspekterna: organisationsstruktur, ledarstilar, flexibilitet, sociala band, social responsivitet respektive asocial responslöshet. Resultatet analyseras utifrån Robert Kreitner, Michael Allvin, Rolf Granér och Thomas Scheff. / In today’s society the atmosphere of the workplace looks nothing like what it has in the past.The expectations of both employees and employers has shifted drastically. Companies haveplaced a new emphasis on communication within their organizations in the belief thatcommunication is the key to successful cooperation. Within more and more organizations, agreater level of responsibility is being placed upon managers when it comes to creatingeffective leadership for those employees working under them. Much of the success of theseorganizations is now derived from how well their middle and lower level managers areleading their teams. There are other aspects of the modern business environment that alsoserve to differentiate it from the past. Today’s work requires a greater level of flexibility forboth managers and employees, as well as demanding from all members of organization anincreased ability to work in team-based, cooperative environments. The purpose of thisinvestigation is to understand the relationship between leaders and group members withinbusinesses and the result is analyzed on the basis of organizations from a social psychologybased perspective. This analysis is based upon interviews with personnel managers andemployees working at multiple different children's indoor-playgrounds in three differentcities. The analysis will examine the following aspects: structure of an organisation, leadertypes, flexibility, social bonds, social response respective asocial lack of responsitivity.Robert Kreitner, Michael Allvin, Rolf Granér and Thomas Scheff.

The power balance of an electrical power system is crucial to the quality of the delivered electricity as well as the security of supply. In a scenario where Swedish nuclear power plants are being phased out and replaced by renewable energy sources new constraints are added to the power balance equation since the production of many renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, are intermittent by nature. This leads to a situation where the currently available regulating power might have difficulties to manage the increasing frequency fluctuations in the power grid. One possible solution to the problem is to build gas turbines for the purpose of peak power generation capacity. An alternative option would be to increase customer flexibility; that is Demand Response. This master thesis investigates how the market for Demand Respond can be designed and which potential Demand Response volumes different policy programs might release. This is done through a mixed approach. Firstly, a scientific review of previously documented Demand Response experiences compares and categorizes different Demand Response programs in a typology based on the parameters cost, volume and feasibility. Subsequently an interview series with different market agents, predominantly through interviews with the Swedish energy intensive industry, identifies the existing Demand Response potential in Sweden and offers the paradigm needed to transfer the results to a future hypothetical situation. The typology of Demand Response programs and estimation of the future industrial Demand Response potential in Sweden are the main new knowledge contributions of this master thesis. The scope however is limited to the Swedish market geographically and focuses on the time horizon 2020-2050. It is also assumed that only existing technologies are likely to be implemented on a large scale over the given time horizon. The results of this master thesis suggest that a Real Time Pricing model would realize the largest potential of Demand Response and to a relatively low cost. This solution however requires actions and further development of both the pricing model and in technology. Firstly, all market agents must have free access to real time price information, something that is lacking today. Secondly, a smart grid with hourly meters is required. If policymakers consider security of supply to be more important than a low system cost, Direct Control or a continuation of the Strategic Reserve is to be preferred according to the conclusions of this report. Previous studies have placed the existing potential for industrial Demand Response in Sweden between 600 and 900 MW. This report suggests that the available volume is in the upper region of the mentioned interval already today and has potential to rise significantly in the future as industries become more aware of the concept and the transmission grid is becoming more flexible. Another driving force for increased Demand Response volumes are the increased price fluctuations which are expected as a consequence of a greater share of renewable energy sources. For the future Demand Response potential, a cost perspective is introduced and a distinction between different response durations is made. More specifically the results indicate that the potential industrial Demand Response volume will be about 1,500 MW in 2030, given a response duration time of 4 h and a spot price on 2,000 SEK/MWh. If 1,500 MW of peak generation capacity could be avoided through active Demand Side Management, it would reduce the system cost with about 350 Million SEK annually. Consequently, there is a business case for Demand Response and the issue is likely to be subject to further investigation and discussion in the future. On the long term however industrial Demand Response must be compared with other flexibility options, e.g. as import/export or energy storages but also residential Demand Response, and is in such case likely to be outcompeted due to its relatively high variable cost of providing capacity.

Com o objetivo de estudar o desenvolvimento de espécies florestais nativas em área de restauração florestal e sob diferentes condições de estresse, foi avaliado o desempenho e respostas de 20 espécies florestais nativas crescidas sob duas diferentes condições de manejo, que resultam em maior (manejo usual) e menor nível de estresse (manejo máximo, com maiores doses de fertilizantes e sempre livre de matocompetição). As parcelas foram selecionadas em experimento instalado na Estação Experimental de Anhembi, da USP (latitude 22&#176;47&#39; S e longitude 48&#176;09&#39; W), implantado em área de pastagem degradada em março de 2004, e avaliado aos 2,5 anos. As parcelas experimentais selecionadas estavam no espaçamento de 3 m x 2 m, possuindo 1270 m2 de área total e 792 m2 de área útil, com 132 plantas mensuráveis, com quatro repetições. As variáveis de crescimento estudadas foram: altura, diâmetro a 30 cm do solo, volume e área foliar específica) e as fisiológicas foram: fotossíntese, clorofila a, clorofila b, clorofila total, proteínas totais solúveis, teores foliares de macronutrientes. Mediram-se todas as plantas para as variáveis dendrométricas e três plantas médias, para as análises fisiológicas. Os resultados foram analisados como um fatorial 2x2, sendo os fatores grupo sucessional (pioneiras e não pioneiras) e manejo (usual e máximo). As espécies pioneiras apresentaram maiores valores de crescimento e sobrevivência que as espécies não pioneiras, independentemente do manejo utilizado. Os volumes das espécies pioneiras foram 27 maiores que as não pioneiras sob manejo usual e de 5 vezes maiores sob manejo máximo. O manejo silvicultural máximo, que propicia menor estresse ambiental, apresentou maiores valores de crescimento e sobrevivência que o manejo usual, com maior estresse ambiental, independentemente do grupo sucessional. O volume do manejo máximo foi de 4,6 vezes maior que no manejo usual para as pioneiras e de 25,5 vezes maior para as não pioneiras. As espécies pioneiras apresentaram maiores atividades fotossintéticas (fotossíntese, clorofila a e proteínas solúveis totais) que as espécies não pioneiras, independentemente do manejo utilizado. As taxas de fotossíntese das espécies pioneiras foram 52% maiores que as não pioneiras sob manejo usual e de 40% maiores sob manejo máximo. O manejo silvicultural máximo apresentou maiores valores das variáveis fisiológicas do que o manejo usual, independentemente do grupo sucessional. A taxa de fotossíntese do manejo máximo foi 18% maior que o manejo usual para as pioneiras e de 30% maior para as não pioneiras. As não pioneiras apresentaram, em média, maior flexibilidade que as espécies pioneiras, apesar de não significativo, dada a alta variabilidade da flexibilidade das espécies dentro dos grupos. Com base nos resultados, e para fins de orientação na escolha das espécies para plantio de acordo com as práticas silviculturais a serem utilizadas (com maior ou menor aliviação dos estresses), propôs-se que as espécies nativas sejam agrupadas em 4 classes, de acordo com o seu ritmo de crescimento e nível de flexibilidade volumétrica. / The study purpose is to evaluate the development of 20 native species in a area under restoration and submitted to two levels of environmental stress according to silvicultural practices. The usual practices has a higher level of stress and the maximum practices resulted in a lower level of stress, due to a higher fertilization regime and a complete weed-control. The experimental plots were selected from a experiment located on the Experimental station of USP in Anhembi (22&#176;47&#39; S and 48&#176;09&#39; W), planted in a pasture in march 2004, and evaluated at 2,5 years-old. The plots were planted in a 3 m x 2 m spacing, with 1270 m2 of total area and 792 m2 of usable area, with 132 trees, with four replications. The variables measured were high, diameter at 30 cm and volume. Physiological variables included photosynthesis, a b and total chlorophyll, total soluble proteins and leaf macronutrients, besides specific leaf area. All trees of each plot were measure for growth estimates and three trees per species and management for the physiological variables. The analysis were done considering a 2 x 2 factorial design with the factors ecological group (pioneers and non pioneer) and silviculture (usual and maximum). The pioneer species had a better growth than non pioneer. The volume of the pioneer species were 27-fold larger than non pioneers under usual silviculture and 5- fold larger under maximum silviculture. The maximum silviculture showed a 4,6-fold larger volumetric growth compared with the usual silviculture dor pioneers species, and 25,5-fold larger growth for non pioneer ones. Pioneer species also showed larger physiological metabolisms than non pioneer ones. Photosynthesis of the pioneers were 52% larger than the non pioneer under usual silviculture and 40% under maximum silviculture. Photosynthesis were also enlarged by maximum silviculture between 18 and 30%. In general, non pioneer species were more flexible (larger responses to the alliviation of stress) than pioneer species, although there were a large variability. The results allowed the establishment of 4 classes of species, classified by growth rate and flexibility, with can be used to better recommendation of species to different restoration conditions.

The Healthcare Quality Strategy for NHS Scotland, relates its overall vision of healthcare quality to six dimensions of care as: Safe, Efficient, Effective, Equitable, Timely and Patient Centred. Patient Centred Care also underpins many subsequent policies such as the management of Long Term Conditions (Scottish Government, 2008) and the Chief Medical Officers Realistic Medicine report (Barlow, et al., 2015) Leadership styles and associated policies and procedures are often assumed to inhibit or encourage the delivery of quality Patient Centred Care and the NHS invests millions of pounds per year in Leadership training. At a clinical team and management level there are behaviours and initiatives that can arguably have positive and negative impacts on the ability of individual practitioners to provide quality Patient Centred Care. However there have been no attempts to empirically test the association between (good) Leadership and quality Patient Centred Care. Without any evidence of such a relationship, NHS investment of substantial resources may be misguided. Additionally, much of the focus of research in both Leadership and Patient Centred Care has focused on medical practitioners and nurses. There is little research that focuses on the impact of allied health professionals' (a term describing 12 differing health care professional groups representing over 130,000 clinicians throughout the United Kingdom) practice on the quality of person centred care and how this is affected by Leadership structures and styles. This study aimed to explore whether there is a direct or indirect link between (transformational) Leadership and achieving the delivery of high quality Patient Centred Care (PCC) in allied health professional (AHP) practice. Aim The aim of this thesis was to explore whether it was possible to empirically demonstrate a relationship between Leadership (good or bad) and Patient Centred Care, and to do this in relation to Allied Health Professional practice. Research questions I. Is there a relationship between Transformational Leadership and Patient Centred Care in AHP practice? II. How do AHP’s conceptualise Leadership and its impact on their ability to deliver PCC? III. Do local contexts influence the ability of leaders to support Patient Centred Care? Study one Study one was designed to answer research question one: exploring the relationship between transformational Leadership and Patient Centred Care using survey design. Two groups of Allied Health Professionals were selected to take part in the study: Podiatrists and Dieticians. Clinical team leaders from across 12 Podiatry teams and 12 Dietetic teams completed a survey composed of measures of transformational Leadership and self-monitoring. Clinicians from these teams were also be asked to complete questionnaires on their perception of their clinical leaders’ transformational Leadership skills. This allowed comparison of self-assessed Leadership and team assessed Leadership. Clinicians were also asked to collect patient experience measures from 30 of their patients. Study Two Study Two was designed to answer research questions 2 and 3: how do AHPs conceptualise Leadership and how do they view the link between Leadership and their ability to deliver Patient Centred Care; and how might local context impact on professional Leadership and therefore its potential to enable or inhibit Patient Centred Care. In depth interviews were conducted with clinicians and clinical team leaders to explore the barriers and facilitators to effective Leadership, teamwork and the provision of quality care. Interviews were conducted with 21 Podiatrists and 12 Dieticians and analysed using a framework analysis approach. Results I. Is there a relationship between Patient Centred Care and transformational Leadership in AHP practice? The theory that there is a link between transformational Leadership and Patient Centred Care was confirmed. A significant relationship was discovered for the dietetics group linking Transformational Leadership with patient centred quality of care measures. There was also a relationship in the podiatry group that was suggestive of a relationship. II. How do AHP’s conceptualise Leadership and its impact on their ability to deliver PCC? AHP’s in both groups had broadly similar conceptualisations of Leadership and both groups played down the role of Leadership in the delivery of Patient Centred Care. A far more salient factor in achieving the delivery of high quality Patient Centred Care for the AHP’s interviewed was professional autonomy. III. Do local contexts influence the ability of leaders to support Patient Centred Care? A number of contextual issues related to both Patient Centred Care and Leadership were identified from the qualitative analysis. These were centred on systemic factors, relating to management and bureaucracy, and individual factors, such as relationships within teams. In Podiatry a major shift in the context of care was ongoing during the study, namely a greater emphasis on encouraging patients to self-care. This affected the relationships between patients and Podiatrists, and Podiatrists and managers, in a way that Podiatrists felt it negatively impacted on their ability to provide quality Patient Centred Care. Conclusion A weak relationship was observed between Transformational Leadership styles and the delivery of Patient Centred Care in two Allied Health Professional groups. Professional autonomy was identified as being more likely to facilitate delivery of person centred care. Organisational issues and intervening policy directives can impact on the delivery of Patient Centred Care, regardless of Leadership. Recommendations Further work exploring the link between Leadership and Patient Centred Care is required. The concept of professional autonomy should be fostered within Leadership programs to enhance delivery of Patient Centred Care. The impact of individual policies, such as moves towards more self-care, on quality criteria need to be more fully considered. Whilst such policies may make care more efficient, there may be negative consequences for other quality care criteria, such as Patient Centred Care.

The Postclassic (pre-conquest) Nahua often performed displays of religious devotion. Usually involving stripping victims of their skin, flesh and internal organs, these public, state-sanctioned rites have been understood as astonishing, even exceptional, for their brutality. As a consequence, scholars have focused on human sacrifice at the steps of the Templo Mayor; ritual away from the imperial capital Tenochtitlan has remained very poorly understood. Where attempts have been made to understand regional practices, scholars have generally assumed binary distinctions between central versus periphery or state versus local. Existing studies fail to appreciate Nahua ritual as fluid and dynamic, instead casting ceremonial behaviour across space as unrelated and fundamentally oppositional. Integrating the ethnohistorical and archaeological records, this thesis takes understandings of Nahua ritual in new directions by examining the relationship between the public arena, the sacred landscape and domestic spheres. Crucially, this thesis argues that rituals were sensitive to circumstantial pressures and personal imperatives, across hierarchies,space and time. In so doing, this study suggests a more fluid model for understanding Nahua ritual than binary distinctions can allow. A lack of appreciation for variation or agency in ritual performance has perpetuated the understanding that the Nahua were trapped in a cycle of ferocious ritualism which left little room for critical thought. Using alphabetic, pictorial and archaeological evidence for a rounded perspective, this thesis examines the intersection between official structures and personal agency to question the notion that all Nahuas unthinkingly repeated human sacrifice and other ritual bloodshed. This study argues that the household was a crucial arena for the normalisation of the blood debt which permitted the acceptance of mass public human sacrifice. This thesis finds that, within the Nahua's symbiotic worldview, activities of the temple, mountain and household rituals were mutually supporting. Moreover, it is shown that the Nahuas chose to adapt their rituals throughout the years, to suit individual preferences and environmental circumstances. Taken as a whole, my findings suggest that the Nahuas sought to control their daily existence by adapting rituals to assuage violent and impulsive supernatural forces.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:02:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Henrique Guilhermino Barreto.pdf: 1307941 bytes, checksum: 1d23871711f991937e40e6d88bfe0e0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-31 / Esse estudo teve como objetivo geral compreender como se dá a conciliação entre a formação esportiva e a escolarização dos atletas alojados em centros de treinamento de clubes de futebol que oferecem acesso à educação básica. Buscou-se entender como se desenvolve a relação entre essas agências formadoras, clube e escola. Foi aplicado um questionário a 93 atletas de categorias de base alojados nos centros de treinamento do Esporte Clube Cruzeiro e do Clube Atlético Mineiro, além de quatro entrevistas semi-estruturadas com profissionais diretamente ligados à formação desses atletas, bem como uma exegese jurídica da legislação voltada para crianças e jovens. Os resultados apontaram que os alunos/atletas gozam de privilégios nas escolas oferecidas pelo clube, sejam elas escolas regulares ou integrantes da estrutura do centro de treinamento. A escola flexibiliza suas normas para os atletas diante da agenda dos clubes formadores. Constatamos, ainda, a diminuição do interesse do atleta pela escola na medida em que se aproxima a assinatura do primeiro contrato profissional. Concluiu-se que família, clube, agentes e empresários, escola e o próprio atleta, formam um sistema flexível que traduz-se em uma via facilitadora de se alcançar o objetivo maior, que é o ingresso na carreira profissional no futebol. A educação do adolescente, por esse sistema, se torna um objetivo secundário, mas não descartável

L’inadaptation des organisations hiérarchiques à l’émergence de la virtualité s’exprime à travers les exigences suivantes : les dirigeants modernes doivent composer entre « organisations dures » et « organisations molles », entre science quantitative et qualitative, entre flexibilité et productivité maximale, entre performance de l'entreprise et qualité de la vie au travail, entre qualité des produits et désir des clients. Nous appuyant sur l’abductivité de notre propre expérience, c'est-à-dire en faisant des allers-retours entre les cadres théoriques et les observations de terrain, cette recherche tend à montrer que la firme virtuelle est l’une des réponses organisationnelles apportée à l’adaptation au nouveau contexte économique.Face aux incertitudes entourant le concept d’entreprise virtuelle et surtout à la multiplicité des références utilisées en la matière, il nous a semblé nécessaire de le clarifier, ce qui nous a conduit à élaborer un cadre théorique spécifique faisant la synthèse des aspects divers de la littérature sur l’entreprise virtuelle, puis à nous interroger sur la disparition de l’entrepreneur pour enfin envisager l’avenir de ce type d’organisation comme business model. Ainsi, dans ce nouvel environnement, un nouveau type d'entreprise est née : mince, flexible, dont l'objectif est de limiter son activité interne à ses seules compétences stratégiques et d'externaliser toutes les autres fonctions en les confiant à des fournisseurs, des sous-traitants, ou des partenaires extérieurs. Ainsi l'entreprise se concentre sur ce qu'elle sait le mieux faire et peut croître rapidement ou lancer régulièrement de nouveaux produits avec moins de capitaux et des structures de management plus réduites. / The inadequacy of hierarchical organizations to the emergence of virtuality is expressed through the following requirements: modern leaders must compromise between « hard organizations » and « soft organizations », quantitative and qualitative sciences, flexibility and maximum productivity, company performance and quality of work life, product quality and customer’s desires. Building on the abductivity of our own experience, that is to say by going back and forth between theoretical frameworks and field observations, this research suggests that the virtual firm is one of the organizational responses adapted to the new economic environment. Facing the uncertainties surrounding the concept of virtual enterprise, and especially the multiplicity of references used, it seemed necessary to clarify it, which led us to develop a specific theoretical framework summarizing the various aspects of literature on the virtual enterprise, and to wonder about the disappearance of the head-manager to finally consider the future of this type of organization as a business model. Thus, in this new environment, a new type of company is born: thin, flexible, which aims to limit its internal activity to its own strategic competencies and outsource all other functions by entrusting them to suppliers, subcontractors or external partners. Thus, the company focuses on what it knows better and can grow quickly or regularly launch new products with less capital and smaller management structures.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:10:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andre r.pdf: 1881314 bytes, checksum: 8bfa1b9113c7b9b78eaa4174e3caecbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-27 / The objective of this work is to examine how can develop a methodological procedure for changing the structure of items to pack in a Manufacturing Enterprise Electronics Sector for improving the local reality systems already in use. For this it is necessary to characterize the Management of Product Data - PDM (Product Data Management), using the "Factory", to identify the views of employees in the sectors of engineering, procurement and materials on the use and operation of the PDM and to demonstrate opportunity and feasibility of modifying the structure of packaging items in the "Factory", aimed at improvements in the production process with emphasis on integrating design and manufacturing process. As regards methodology, it is a case study and documentary research was performed in the "Factory", Unit Manaus. The subjects were 20 (twenty) employees who work in the departments of engineering, procurement and materials. The criterion for inclusion in the study was the use of PDM. This paper presents a methodological procedure for the approval cycle for modification of structure in items of packaging more effective. Among the survey results may be noted that with the implementation of this methodological procedure and with the permission of access for creating documentation structure change ECN / IN the PDM system, the engineering team of product can only relate to plant Manaus to perform the modification, thus reducing the cycle of requests approval. In addition, the engineering team of local produce, modify and / or adjust the product structure to meet local regulations (PPB / ZFM), or even take an idea from the suggestion program of continuous improvement, seeking to increase in the efficiency of processes in the "Factory" as well as meeting the needs of clients (operators) to make better use of the product supplied, in this case, the items packing cell phone. / O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar de que forma pode-se desenvolver um procedimento metodológico para modificação de estrutura de itens de embalagem em uma Empresa Manufatureira do Setor Eletroeletrônico aperfeiçoando para a realidade local sistemas já utilizados. Para isso faz-se necessário: caracterizar o Gerenciamento de Dados de Produto - PDM (Product Data Management) utilizado na Fábrica ; identificar a visão dos colaboradores dos setores de engenharia, compras e materiais sobre a utilização e funcionamento do PDM e demonstrar a oportunidade e viabilidade de modificação de estrutura de itens de embalagem na Fábrica , visando melhorias no processo de produção dando ênfase a integração projeto e processo de manufatura. No que se refere à metodologia, trata-se de um estudo de caso e uma pesquisa documental que foram realizadas na Fábrica , Unidade Manaus. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 20 (vinte) colaboradores que trabalham nos departamentos de engenharia, compras e materiais. O critério utilizado de inclusão na pesquisa foi a utilização do PDM. Neste trabalho é apresentado um procedimento metodológico para o ciclo de aprovação de modificação de estrutura nos itens de embalagens mais eficaz. Dentre os resultados da pesquisa, pode-se destacar que, com a implantação deste procedimento metodológico e com a permissão do acesso para criação de documentação de modificação de estrutura ECN/IN no sistema PDM, o time de engenharia de produto pode relacionar apenas a fábrica de Manaus para executar a modificação, diminuindo assim o ciclo de aprovação das solicitações. Além disso, o time de engenharia de produto local, pode modificar e/ou adequar as estruturas de produto para atender a legislação local (PPB/ZFM), ou até mesmo, atender uma idéia proveniente do programa de sugestão de melhoria contínua, procurando aumentar consideravelmente a eficiência dos processos na Fábrica , bem como atendendo às necessidades dos clientes (operadoras) para um melhor aproveitamento do produto fornecido, neste caso, os itens de embalagem de telefone celular.