Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-06T12:07:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMT.pdf: 1389006 bytes, checksum: c8668a38b168f5b3308c3e4261e2424a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T13:44:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMT.pdf: 1389006 bytes, checksum: c8668a38b168f5b3308c3e4261e2424a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T13:44:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMT.pdf: 1389006 bytes, checksum: c8668a38b168f5b3308c3e4261e2424a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T13:44:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMT.pdf: 1389006 bytes, checksum: c8668a38b168f5b3308c3e4261e2424a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Não recebi financiamento / This paper presents an application experience of the methodology called Flipped Classroom in a class of undergraduates in physics at the University of Uberlandia, using a computational mathematical modeling software, the Modellus, in its version 0.4.05, which stands for a simulation capability of varying phenomena, especially those studied in physics teaching. The goal pursued in carrying out the experiment, and this paper, was to demonstrate the practicability of applying the methodology called Flipped Classroom from the development of simple instructional materials and the use of resources available to most physics teachers. The choice of Modellus, as base of the experience, was for its undeniable usefulness as an educational tool for teachers and undergraduate students of Physics and a felt need for dissemination of this software. In this paper we present the description of the materials developed, the way of their development and the instruments used for the implementation of experience and the collect of its results. Because of Modellus employment with undergraduate students, a chapter was dedicated to briefly describing the trajectory of teachers graduation in Physics in Brazil until today and another discussing the importance of mathematical modeling in teaching, as well as a literature review of studies related to modeling and / or Modellus. Experiment results reinforce not only the practicability of the inverted Classroom, but also the need for greater disclosure of Modellus between teachers and undergraduates, which led to the preparation of a written tutorial covering the entire contents of physics used in the experiment. / O presente trabalho apresenta uma experiência de aplicação da metodologia denominada Sala de Aula Invertida em uma turma de licenciandos de Física da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, utilizando um software de modelagem matemática computacional, o Modellus, em sua versão 0.4.05, que se destaca por sua capacidade de simulação de variados fenômenos, em especial os estudados no ensino de Física. O objetivo perseguido na realização da experiência, e na elaboração deste texto, foi demonstrar a viabilidade da aplicação da metodologia denominada Sala de Aula Invertida a partir do desenvolvimento de materiais instrucionais simples e com o emprego de recursos disponíveis à maioria dos professores de Física. A escolha do Modellus como base da experiência se deu por sua inegável utilidade como ferramenta educacional aos professores e licenciandos de Física e por uma sentida necessidade de divulgação desse software. Neste texto se apresentam a descrição dos materiais desenvolvidos, a forma de desenvolvimento deles e os instrumentos utilizados para a aplicação da experiência de coleta de seus resultados. Em virtude do emprego do Modellus com alunos de licenciatura foi elaborado um capítulo descrevendo brevemente a trajetória das licenciaturas de Física no Brasil até os dias atuais e outro discutindo a importância da modelagem matemática no ensino, bem como uma revisão literária de trabalhos relacionados à modelagem e/ou ao Modellus. Os resultados da experiência reforçam não só a viabilidade da Sala de Aula invertida, mas também a necessidade de maior divulgação do Modellus entre professores e licenciandos, o que levou à elaboração de um tutorial em texto cobrindo todo o conteúdo de Física utilizado na experiência.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-07-27T14:13:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3998814 bytes, checksum: b29e79b4cf29a7c25700417563cad3d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-27T14:13:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3998814 bytes, checksum: b29e79b4cf29a7c25700417563cad3d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-10 / In the 21st century, it has observed many available resources that the students can use to improve more and more their knowledge, principally in foreign languages. Immersed in a new reality – now virtual environment, people use digital technologies to interact through social media, they stay connected, they know technologies and applications as anybody else. Then, how to create active learning environments, using activities that work with the students’ daily routine and interest by means of digital technologies? This research aims to report the tutorial experiences developed in the Language Preparatory Course from Gira Mundo International Exchange Programme, using the flipped classroom as methodology in the teaching and learning process in Paraíba’s programme. It has as theoretical foundation Bergmann e Sams (2016), Fino (2008), Paiva (2012), Moran (2012), Bortoni- Ricardo (2008) and other authors. The methodology is based on qualitative research with an ethnographic approach, using not only a questionnaire as data collection instrument to evaluate the preparatory course, but also eight reflexive diaries done by the students. Six of them were written by hand and the others two were typewritten. For this purpose, it was designed a script into two parts to the reflexive diary: the first one related to the students impressions about the programme, and the second part is referred to the evaluation of the teaching and learning process from the classes given by the tutor, through the methodology approaches in 18 classes taught. Furthermore, the activities from Duolingo were guided as recommended by the Exchange programme, and also some activities and postings in a private group created by the students’ tutor in the social medias Facebook and Whatapp to interact, to exchange experiences and extra materials in the English classes. This research concluded that the flipped classroom methodology used by the programme, created active learning environments, with personalized education to the students, and make the teacher/tutor reflect about her pedagogy practice in the classroom. / Em pleno Século XXI, há diferentes recursos tecnológicos disponíveis que os alunos podem utilizar para aprimorar cada vez mais seus conhecimentos, principalmente para o estudo de línguas estrangeiras. Imersos em uma nova realidade - a virtual, utilizam das tecnologias digitais para interagirem pelas redes sociais, ficam conectados, conhecem de tecnologias e aplicativos. Como, então, criar espaços de aprendizagem ativos, com atividades do cotidiano e do interesse dos alunos através de tecnologias digitais? O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar as experiências de tutoria vivenciadas no Curso Preparatório de Línguas do Programa de Intercâmbio Internacional Gira Mundo, a partir da utilização da metodologia “sala de aula invertida” no processo de ensino/aprendizagem no Programa na Paraíba. Tomamos como fundamentação teórica Bergmann e Sams (2016), Fino (2008), Paiva (2012), Moran (2012), Bortoni- Ricardo (2008), dentre outros. É uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo etnográfica, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário para avaliação do Curso Preparatório, assim como oito diários reflexivos feitos pelos alunos, seis deles escritos à mão e os outros dois digitados. Para isso, elaboramos o roteiro do diário reflexivo em duas partes: a primeira contendo as impressões dos alunos sobre o programa, e, a segunda parte, referente à avaliação do processo de ensino/aprendizagem das aulas ministradas pela tutora, mediante as abordagens metodológicas utilizadas nas dezoito aulas ministradas. Além disso, acompanhamos atividades no aplicativo Duolingo proposto pelo Programa de Intercâmbio, e também as atividades e as postagens em um grupo privado criado pela tutora da turma nas redes sociais Facebook e Whatsapp para interagir, trocar experiências e postar materiais extras das aulas de língua inglesa. Com o estudo, concluímos que a metodologia da sala de aula invertida utilizada para a realização do Programa de Intercâmbio foi uma grande aliada para a criação de espaços ativos de aprendizagem, com a educação personalizada dos alunos e também fazendo o professor-tutor refletir sobre sua prática pedagógica em sala de aula.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-06-15T14:31:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mariana Santana Ofugi - 2016.pdf: 2631956 bytes, checksum: 06c0223f8ff61564ab064ddb7b50f6c2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-06-28T11:37:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mariana Santana Ofugi - 2016.pdf: 2631956 bytes, checksum: 06c0223f8ff61564ab064ddb7b50f6c2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T11:37:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mariana Santana Ofugi - 2016.pdf: 2631956 bytes, checksum: 06c0223f8ff61564ab064ddb7b50f6c2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-08 / This study aims at investigating in what ways the work with the flipped classroom (a procedure through which students should study specific parts of the course content at home, through videos, for example, before they are discussed in the classroom) can help English as a foreign language students become more autonomous in their learning process. It also aims at analyzing the perceptions of the students and the teacher-researcher after they have worked under the flipped classroom model. This qualitative case study research was carried out at the Language Center at the Federal University of Goiás. 14 learners, mostly university students, and the teacher-researcher participated in the research. The data collection instruments were a questionnaire applied to students before they started working with the flipped classroom, an interview with the learners which was conducted by the end of the term, three video recorded classes and the field notes created by the teacher-researcher. The results showed that the learners displayed various signs of developing autonomy and a high level of cooperation throughout the classes. Their perceptions regarding the work with the flipped classroom were, for the most part, positive: many of them said they benefitted from being able to access the class content beforehand, and other learners stated that they preferred the flipped classes, since they were more dynamic. Some of the negative perceptions regard the fact that oftentimes they would forget to watch the videos, since they were not used to working under this technique. The teacher-researcher also benefitted from the work with the flipped classroom, mostly because it proved to be challenging and stimulating. In the final thoughts section, we discuss aspects such as the necessity of the teacher carefully performing an evaluation of their class before starting the work with the flipped classroom. This should be done in order to ensure all students have access to the materials and that they know what is expected from them in this way of having classes, which is probably new to them. / O presente trabalho tem como principais objetivos verificar de que formas o trabalho com a sala de aula invertida (SAI), um procedimento pelo qual os alunos devem estudar o material em casa, por meio de vídeos, por exemplo, antes de ele ser abordado em sala de aula, pode auxiliar os aprendizes de inglês como LE a se tornarem mais autônomos em seu processo de aprendizagem, além de investigar quais são as percepções desses aprendizes e da professorapesquisadora ao trabalharem sob esse modelo. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo realizado no Centro de Línguas da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Participaram da pesquisa 14 alunos, em sua maioria universitários, e a professora-pesquisadora. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram um questionário aplicado aos alunos antes do início do trabalho com a sala de aula invertida, uma entrevista com os aprendizes realizada ao fim do semestre, três aulas gravadas em vídeo e as notas de campo da professora-pesquisadora. Os resultados mostram que os aprendizes demonstraram diversos sinais de desenvolvimento de autonomia e uma maior cooperação entre si ao longo das aulas. Suas percepções a respeito do trabalho com a sala de aula invertida foram, em sua maioria, positivas: muitos alegaram terem se beficiado de poder ter acesso ao conteúdo da aula de antemão, e outros disseram que preferiram as aulas sob a SAI por elas apresentarem uma dinamicidade maior. A professorapesquisadora também se beneficiou do trabalho com a sala de aula invertida, que se mostrou desafiador e estimulante. As percepções negativas envolvem o fato de que muitas vezes eles se esqueceram de assistir aos vídeos, pois não estavam acostumados com essa técnica. Nas considerações finais, são discutidos aspectos como a necessidade de uma avaliação atenta do professor antes de iniciar o trabalho com a SAI, para que se tenha certeza de que todos os alunos terão acesso ao material e de que eles saibam exatamente o que se espera deles em um ambiente que provavelmente trará diferentes desafios para os aprendizes.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-31T20:06:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 hugoluizgonzagahonorio.pdf: 1281182 bytes, checksum: 5babe4133052512307af0f3e58bb9952 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-01T11:42:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 hugoluizgonzagahonorio.pdf: 1281182 bytes, checksum: 5babe4133052512307af0f3e58bb9952 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-01T11:45:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 hugoluizgonzagahonorio.pdf: 1281182 bytes, checksum: 5babe4133052512307af0f3e58bb9952 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T11:45:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 hugoluizgonzagahonorio.pdf: 1281182 bytes, checksum: 5babe4133052512307af0f3e58bb9952 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-16 / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo elaborar, aplicar e avaliar um Processo para a implementação da Metodologia Sala de Aula Invertida, propiciando suporte à aprendizagem colaborativa do Ensino de Matemática. Para a elaboração deste Processo, tomaram-se como bases teóricas os autores: Munhoz (2015), pesquisador do tema em questão e, Jhonatan Bergmann e Aaron Sams (2016), criadores da Metodologia Sala de Aula Invertida. Em relação ao tema colaboração, a pesquisa se embasou na teoria da Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) e no Modelo de colaboração 3C (FUKS et al., 2002) e (ELLIS et al., 1991), modelo este norteado pela ideia de que para colaborar, um grupo deve exercer três atividades principais: comunicar, coordenar e cooperar. O Processo foi implementado em uma turma do 9° ano do Ensino Fundamental e utilizou-se a metodologia de estudo de caso para investigar e analisar o comportamento e as reações dos alunos. Com a efetivação do Processo, pode-se constatar que os alunos colaboraram nos momentos de interações online e presenciais, a partir da apropriação dos elementos de colaboração do Modelo 3C. Observou-se ainda, que as interações entre os membros dos grupos deixaram os alunos mais independentes do professor e que, nos momentos presenciais, os alunos compartilharam entre si as suas próprias maneiras de compreender o conteúdo estudado, o que contribuiu para a construção coletiva do conhecimento. No que diz respeito à metodologia Sala de Aula Invertida, os alunos relataram de forma positiva a experiência, pois a disponibilidade de rever às videoaulas em qualquer momento, bem como o fato destes terem um acompanhamento mais individualizado pelo professor nos momentos presenciais, potencializou o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Assim, concluiu-se que, o Processo proposto com suporte à aprendizagem colaborativa na Sala de Aula Invertida pode potencializar a metodologia, permitindo que os alunos criem espaços para refletirem sobre os conteúdos matemáticos estudados, a partir de uma aprendizagem mais autônoma, além de motivá-los aos estudos prévios de modo a enriquecer os encontros presenciais. / The aims of this research are to elaborate, apply and evaluate a Process for the implementation of the Flipped Classroom Methodology, by giving support to the collaborative learning of Mathematics. As theoretical bases, the authors who were taken in consideration for the elaboration of this Process are Munhoz (2015), researcher of this subject matter; and Jhonatan Bergmann and Aaron Sams (2016), formers of the Inverted Classroom Methodology. Concerning the theme “Collaboration”, the research was based on the Computer Supported Collaborative Learning theory (CSCL) and on the 3C Collaboration Model (FUKS et al., 2002), which is based on the idea that, to collaborate, a group must carry out three main activities: Communicating, Coordinating and Cooperating. The process was implemented in a 9th grade elementary school class and the case study methodology was used to investigate and analyze students' behavior and reactions. Through the implementation of the Process, students collaborated during the moments of online and face-to-face interaction, from the appropriation of the 3C model collaboration elements. It was also observed that the interaction between the members of the groups led them to be more independent of the teacher and, in the face-to-face moments, the students shared their own ways to understand the studied content, which has contributed significantly to the construction of knowledge. Regarding the Inverted Classroom methodology, the students have reported as positive this experience, since the availability of reviewing the videotapes at any time, as well as the fact that they had a more individualized monitoring by the teacher in the face-to-face moments, by expanding the power of teaching and learning processes. Thus, it was concluded that the proposed Process supported by Collaborative Learning activities in the Inverted Classroom can enhance the methodology. It allows students to create spaces to think about studied mathematical contents, from a more autonomous learning way. Besides motivating them to previous studies, face-to-face meetings can be enriched.

本研究目的在建構個案學校翻轉教育的策略指標與探討其應用，除了提供個案學校對翻轉教育的回饋，亦提供有結構性的策略指標參照。研究方法上，先以文獻分析歸納整理相關指標，並與個案學校成員討論建構出學校翻轉教育之21項策略指標，接著以概念構圖法與集群分析整合學校成員對指標的重要性和執行率評估與分群以建立構面。最後求取各構面及指標權重，進行指標的重要-表現分析(IPA)，完成個案學校翻轉教育的策略指標體系。根據研究之結果與分析，歸納主要結論及建議如下： 一、結論 (一) 以概念構圖建構翻轉教育的4項構面與21項指標應用個案學校。 (二) 個案學校翻轉教育之重要性最高構面為「教師增能」。 (三) 個案學校翻轉教育之重要性最高的指標為「教師應有充足的備課時間」，其次為「提升教室的數位載具資源」、「教師所製作或選編之教學內容具吸引力」。 (四) 個案學校翻轉教育之執行表現最佳構面為「科技支援」；執行表現最差構面為「社群支持」。 (五) 個案學校翻轉教育之執行表現最佳指標為「提升教室的數位載具資源」，其次為「雲端課程平台分享」。 (六) 執行表現最差指標為「翻轉教學社群討論空間與時間安排」。 (七) IPA分析結果最急需改進的構面為「教師增能」。 (八) IPA分析結果最急需改進的指標為「教師應有充足的備課時間」，其次依序為「翻轉社群師資研習或學習機會」、「讓學生依照個別學習進度精熟學習」、「建立學生個人學習歷程檔案」、「教師能規劃翻轉學習之課程內容」。 (九) IPA分析的應用性。 二、建議 (一) 指標運用: 逕行利用指標繼續檢視翻轉教育歷程，利用指標繼續檢視個案學校往後的翻轉教育歷程。 (二) 應強化「教師增能」及「社群支持」。 (三) 應關注學生學習。 (四) 對未來研究之建議: 從個案研究的指標建構，推展至適用於全國性的樣本；持續針對指標系統做適當之更新。 / The purpose of this study is to construct the strategic indicators of school flipped education and to explore its application. In addition to providing individual case feedback on flip education, we also provide a structural reference to strategic indicators. As for research methods, by means of literature review, and discusses with the members of the case to construct 21 strategic indicators of school flipped education. Concept mapping questionnaire used to analyze the school members' opinion on the importance and implementation of each indicator and to help indicator selection. At last stage, find the weight of each indicator within each dimension and construct the system of indicators of school flipped education. The conclusions are follows: (1) This study constructs 4 main dimensions and 21 strategic indicators of school flipped education. (2) The highest aspect of the importance of school flipped education is " faculty enhancement ". (3) The most important indicator for flipped education is that "teachers should have sufficient preparation time" followed by "upgrading the classroom's digital vehicle resources" and "the teaching content produced or selected by teachers should be attractive." (4) The best performing aspect of the importance of school flipped education is "science and technology supporting"; the worst performing aspect is "community supporting". (5) The best indicator of the performance of school flipped education is "enhancement of digital mobile device in the Classroom" followed by "cloud-based course platform sharing". (6) The worst indicator of the performance of school flipped education is "flipped teaching community discussion space and schedule." (7) The most urgent aspect of IPA analysis is "faculty enhancement". (8) The most urgent indicator for IPA analysis is "teachers should have sufficient time for preparation", "community teachers' study or learning opportunities", "allowing students to master the learning process based on individual learning progress", " build student personal study files "," teachers can plan flip learning course content. " (9) The applicability of IPA analysis. According to the conclusions, some suggestions had been proposed: (1) Use of Indicators: Using indicators to continue to examine the course of overturning education, and using indicators to continue to examine cases of school rollover education in the future. (2) Teachers and community support should be strengthened. (3) Should pay attention to student learning. (4) Suggestions for future study: From the construction of indicators of case studies to the application of national samples; and continual updating of the indicator system.

IT- och IKT-kompetens utgör en stor del av såväl internationell som svensk utbildningsforskning och enda sedan 60-talet har regeringen gjort satsningar med ändamål att förbättra lärares och elevers kompetens inom dessa områden. Den internationella strävan är att läroplaner införlivar mål för förbättrad IT- och IKT-kompetens, för att förbereda elever inför en arbetsmarknad som alltmer kräver teknologiska kompetenser. I den svenska forskningen har det visat sig att användningen av IT i den svenska skolan har ökat märkbart de senaste åren. PISA-undersökningen har visat att Sverige har låga resultat i problemlösning och att dessa resultat samvarierar med hög användning av IT. Vidare kompetensutveckling behövs och lärare bör anpassa sin undervisning utefter de teknologiska verktygens närvaro i den svenska skolan. Flipped Classroom är en undervisningsmetodik som innebär en betydande omordning av aktiviteter i den klassiska undervisningen, med avseende på vad som sker i klassrummet och vad som sker utanför klassrummet. Vidare ämnar metodiken att tydligt integrera digitala materiel i undervisningen. Framtida forskning bör undersöka hur Flipped Classroom-lärare väljer att utforma deras videoföreläsningar och övriga datorbaserade instruktioner. Detta examensarbete söker finna svar på hur och i vilket syfte Flipped Clasroom-lärare i de naturvetenskapliga ämnena använder digitala materiel i sin flippade undervisning samt ge en överblick av dessa. Tre naturvetenskapliga ämneslärare som använder Flipped Classroom har intervjuats. Det är alltså intervjuerna som utgör den empiriska grunden för detta arbete. Vidare innefattar detta arbete en konstruktion av en lämplig modell för att karaktärisera Flipped Classroom-lärares användning av digitala materiel. Karaktäriseringen indikerar att övervägande del av de digitala materielen används för datorbaserad instruktion utanför klassrummet. Totalt sett utgör 57 % datorbaserad instruktion och 30 % elev-centrerade aktiviteter i klassrummet. Resterande 13 % består av digitala materiel som till övervägande del består i mjukvaror för automatisk rättning av prov. För de intervjuade lärarna gäller att övervägande del av samtliga materiel används för att förmedla det centrala innehållet i respektive kurser. Men individuella skillnader finns. Totalt sett så utgör ungefär 52 % av samtliga materiel, användingsområden som ämnar att elever antingen ska återge kunskap eller lagra den i långtidsminnet. Det visar sig också att större delen av dessa användningsområden samtidigt innebär omfattande förändringar av undervisningsmoment.

Denna studie är en intervjustudie som presenterar lärares användning av flerformsundervisning (blended teaching), flippat klassrum (flipped classroom) och fjärrundervisning i engelskundervisning. I studien har totalt fem engelsklärare som undervisar i årskurs 4, 5 eller 6 och som använder sig av fjärrundervisning, flippat klassrum och/flerformsundervisning intervjuats. Resultatet har visat att dessa lärare generellt upplever att deras pedagogiska-, ämnes- och tekniska kunskaper inte påverkas om de undervisar med något av det tidigare nämnda eller i en klassrumsundervisningssituation (face-to-face teaching), vilket kan liknas med att undervisning som sker i klassrummet utan tekniska hjälpmedel. I intervjuerna har det även tydliggjorts för vilka tekniska verktyg och pedagogiska metoder som kan användas i flippat klassrum, flerformsundervisning och fjärrundervisning i engelskämnet. Dessutom uttrycker flera av respondenterna att de under utbrottet av covid-19 fått utveckla sina kunskaper om fjärrundervisning och att de dessutom kommer fortsätta med denna undervisningsform när covid-19 är över.

For many decades, college English teaching in China has been teacher-centered, mainly focusing on the enhancement of students’ four basic English language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing, with little attention paid to the cultivation of students’ higher order thinking skills (Tang, 2016; Wang, Xu, & Zhou, 2016). The teacher-centered teaching approach has led to the problem that after having learned English for many years, students cannot speak English fluently (Dai, 2001). There has been a call for promoting the student-centered teaching model in China (NACFLT, 2000). One relatively new approach to support student-centered active learning is flipped instruction (Egbert et al., 2015). In a flipped classroom, the transmission of information in a traditional face-to-face class is moved out of class time, and the class time is devoted to engaging students in active learning to foster deeper understanding of course content and problem-solving skills. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the effects of the flipped classroom model on the learning of Chinese undergraduate students in a college English class. Using a purposeful sampling strategy, I selected a flipped English class in a private college in Shanghai, China, which can be regarded as a pioneer in promoting the flipped classroom model in China. I identified six second-year college students to be my respondents. During the six weeks of study in the fall semester of 2019, I collected data from multiple sources including one individual semi-structured open-ended interview with the instructor and each of the student participants, classroom observation, and documentation such as the teacher’s teaching plans, students’ journal entries, course projects, word maps and worksheets (both online or written ones). With a holistic analysis of the data collected, I explored students’ perceptions of the learning experiences in the flipped college English class, which lent an insight into the effects of the flipped classroom model on students’ learning. This study found that the teacher partly flipped her English class. Most of the learning of vocabulary and grammar was moved out of class. The learning of the articles in the textbook was partly flipped, with the initial understanding of the article done before class and the in-depth text analysis carried out in class. In class time, the teacher created an active learning environment with a variety of activities, encouraging students to think and speak English. The flipped learning tasks prepared students for the active learning in class, and the post-class learning tasks engaged students in further learning and thinking. All the six students regarded the teaching model as “original” and “helpful”. They perceived improved learning in the active learning environment in class. In addition, they perceived enhanced autonomy in learning, improvement in their English listening and speaking proficiency, and opportunities for cultivating higher order thinking skills. However, they were also faced with challenges in learning which they attributed to their low proficiency level of English listening and speaking. There was one outlier who preferred the traditional way of teaching and learning English, though he acknowledged the value of the teaching model adopted in this partly flipped English class.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The use of technology in mathematics education has many potentially positive outcomes. There is, however, little evidence to show where the use of technology has made a significant impact on mathematics education in South Africa. This study aims to address the issue of how computer tablets are currently used in the mathematics classroom. The researcher drew a comparison between learners who were taught with computer tablets and learners who were taught in the traditional way by evaluating the learners' progress after being taught on the topic of 3D images. This assessment was done in the form of a pre-test and a post-test that were administered to both classes on a topic of 3D images that was taught during this allocated time. The research is located in the third-generation activity theory. It is based on the socio-cultural theory of Lev Vygotsky, but it is blended with modern western theories as described by Engeström. The researcher made use of a mixed methods approach starting with a qualitative survey, followed by a pre-test, observations and concluding with a post-test. The pre-test and post-test determined whether cognitive knowledge was gained. The participants in the study were a group of 15-year-old learners at a private school where the one class was taught using computer tablets in the mathematics classroom, and the other class was taught the same content without computer tablets. A qualitative survey was sent to 27 schools within a particular school group where teachers indicated the popular Apps that were used in the mathematics classroom in this school group. Teachers also gave reasons why these were the Apps of choice and elaborated on how they were using these Apps. The quantitative part of this research was guided by the results of the survey and the 5 most popular Applications (Apps) were used in the teaching experiment. The quantitative part focused on two classrooms within the same school where the one class were taught with computer tablets and the other class were taught without the use of computer tablets. The t-test for this research showed that the group of learners who were taught with computer tablets achieved significantly better results than the class of learners who were taught using hard copy textbooks with traditional methods of teaching. This study showed that having computer tablets in schools can be effective in the mathematics classroom. The recommendations emanating from this study indicates that school who are planning to use computer tablets in the mathematics classroom should first plan their wi-fi capabilities with enough access points and internet access. These schools also need to decide on a type of computer tablet and what operating system to use. This decision has implications to the accessibility of quality Apps, battery life and storage space of the computer tablet. Schools are recommended to have a plan for training teachers in the use of this computer tablets especially regarding the pedagogical practice when interacting with learners. A last recommendation is to nurture a culture of computer tablet use amongst the learners to discipline themselves to charge and maintain their computer tablets and apply it to educational use. This study includes a pedagogical framework in respect of the effective use of computer tablets in the mathematics classroom.

Lecture methods in higher education continue to be the most often used form of lesson delivery, although they seem to be less effective in promoting adult students' learning and engagement. Many higher education instructors have incorporated inverted classroom (IC) methods to increase student engagement and learning. The purpose of this qualitative interview study was to gain an understanding of college instructors' decision-making processes and experiences transitioning from lecture-based instruction to IC and the factors attributed to that transition. Knowles's andragogy theory, Kolb's experiential learning theory, and Rogers's diffusion of innovations provided the conceptual framework for the study. Eight college-level instructors from the Flipped Learning Community were interviewed twice to collect data, which were analyzed using first and second cycle coding. Themes included student focus, support, change agent, and need to dialogue. Results may provide administrators with information to promote instructors' transition from lecture-based methods to IC. Results also indicated that IC was an effective social change strategy for boosting student retention, student engagement, and instructor satisfaction.