Os exercícios com pesos (EP) representam importante estratégia para diminuir a sarcopenia e melhorar a capacidade funcional para realizar as atividades da vida diária de pessoas idosas. Além disso, os EP têm também sido recentemente sugeridos para restaurar os efeitos da imunossenescência. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de doze meses de um programa de exercícios com pesos em parâmetros imunológicos funcionais e quantitativos de mulheres idosas clinicamente saudáveis. As voluntárias foram selecionadas de acordo com o protocolo SENIEUR e 38 mulheres clinicamente saudáveis e fisicamente inativas (60 a 77 anos de idade) foram randomicamente divididas em um programa de exercícios com pesos de baixa intensidade (GE: 67,74 + 5,28 anos [n: 28]) ou em um grupo controle (CG: 68,69 + 2,98 anos [n: 14]). O programa de EP foi constituído de 3 séries de 12 repetições a 54,87 + 2,37% do teste de uma repetição máxima (1-RM) para cinco diferentes exercícios (supino reto sentado, puxada alta, remada, extensão de joelhos e leg press) realizados três vezes por semana durante 12 meses. A atividade citotóxica das células natural killer (NKCA), resposta linfoproliferativa à fito-hemaglutinina (PHA) e ao OKT3, quantificação de linfócitos (CD3+, CD3-CD19+, CD3-CD16+CD56+), subpopulações linfocitárias (CD4+, CD8+, CD56dim, CD56bright), assim como de moléculas de expressão celular (CD25+, CD28+, CD45RA+, CD45RO+, CD69+, CD95+, HLA-DR+) foram determinadas por ensaios imunológicos. As variáveis foram mensuradas a cada 6 meses durante período de um ano (pré-programa [PRÉ], 6 meses [6M] e 12 meses [12M]). A análise estatística demonstrou que o GE incrementou a força muscular em 44,2% e 48,1% após 6 e 12 meses, respectivamente (p<0,05); mas que houve aumento no consumo de oxigênio de pico (VO2pico) após 6 meses (14,7%, p<0.05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos (exceto para 20:1 em 12M) ou em função do tempo (exceção para 40:1 em GE) na NKCA assim como na resposta proliferativa independente do mitógeno empregado. Foi observado decréscimo significativo (p<0,05) em GE para a contagem total de linfócitos (PRÉ x 12M), CD3+ (PRÉ x 12M), CD3+CD4+ (PRÉ x 12M), CD3-CD19+ (PRÉ x 6M), CD3+CD45RA+ (PRÉ x 6M; PRÉ x 12M), CD3+CD45RO+ (PRÉ x 12M; 6M x 12M), CD4+CD45RA+ (PRÉ x 6M), CD4+CD45RO+ (PRÉ x 12M; 6M x 12M), CD3+CD95+CD28+ (PRÉ x 6M), CD4+CD95+CD28+ (PRÉ x 6M), CD8+CD95+CD28+ (PRÉ x 12M) e para CD56dimCD25+HLA-DR+ (6M x 12M). O GC também demonstrou diminuição significativa (p<0,05) na contagem total de linfócitos (PRÉ x 12M), CD3-CD19+ (PRÉ x 6M; PRE x 12M), CD3-CD16+CD56+ (PRÉ x 12M; 6M x 12M), CD3+CD45RO+ (PRÉ x 12M) e para CD56dim (PRÉ x 12M). É possível que outra variável independente, que não o programa de exercícios com pesos e/ou alguma tendência sazonal tenham influenciado os resultados devido ao fato de ambos os grupos terem apresentado menores níveis de expressão celular durante o período do estudo. Os resultados deste estudo permitem concluir que doze meses de um programa de exercícios com pesos de leve intensidade são suficientes para incrementar a força muscular assim como o consumo de oxigênio de pico, mas não para melhorar parâmetros imunológicos funcionais e quantitativos de mulheres idosas clinicamente saudáveis. Portanto, possivelmente sugerindo que o \'limiar de efeito\' nos parâmetros imunológicos de mulheres idosas clinicamente saudáveis seja dependente do estímulo e/ou maior do que o necessário para incrementar a força muscular e/ou o VO2pico. / Resistance training program represents an important strategy to reduce sarcopenia, improving muscle strength and mass, and consequently, functional capacity to perform activities of daily living in elderly people. Additionally, resistance training program has been also recently suggested to restore the deleterious effects of aging process on immune system. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of twelve months of light resistance training program on functional and quantitative immunological paremeters of clinically healthy elderly women. Volunteers were selected by SENIEUR protocol and thirty-eight clinically healthy untrained females (aged 60-77 year-old) were randomly assigned to either a light resistance training program (RTP: 67.74 + 5.28 year-old [n: 28]) or a control group (CG: 68.69 + 2.98 year-old [n: 14]). The RTP consisted of three sets of twelve repetitions at 54.87 ± 2.37% of one repetition maximum test (1-RM) for five different exercises (seated bench press, lattissimus pull down, seated row, leg extension and leg press) performed three times per week during twelve months. Natural killer cell cytotoxic activity (NKCA), lymphoproliferative response to the phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and OKT3, and quantification of the lymphocytes (CD3+, CD19+, CD3-CD16+CD56+) and subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+, CD56dim, CD56bright) as well as cellular expression molecules (CD25+, CD28+, CD45RA+, CD45RO+, CD69+, CD95+, HLA-DR+) were determined by immunological assays. Variables were measured each 6 months during one year (pre-program [PRE], 6 months [6M] and 12 months [12M]). Statistical analysis showed that RTP volunteers increased muscle strength in 44.2% and 48.1% after 6 and 12 months, respectivelly (p<0.05), whilst there was increased in maximal oxygen peak (VO2peak) after only 6 months (14.7%, p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between both groups (unless 12M for the 20:1) or according to the time (unless 40:1 for RTP) when NKCA was analyzed. RTP group preserved lymphoproliferative response, while CG increased significantly the lymphoproliferative response to the PHA and OKT3. There were statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) for RTP volunteers to the total lymphocytes (PRE x 12M), CD3+ (PRE x 12M), CD3+CD4+ (PRE x 12M), CD3-CD19+ (PRE x 6M), CD3+CD45RA+ (PRE x 6M; PRE x 12M), CD3+CD45RO+ (PRE x 12M; 6M x 12M), CD4+CD45RA+ (PRE x 6M), CD4+CD45RO+ (PRE x 12M; 6M x 12M), CD3+CD95+CD28+ (PRE x 6M), CD4+CD95+CD28+ (PRE x 6M), CD8+CD95+CD28+ (PRE x 12M), and to the CD56dimCD25+HLA-DR+ (6M x 12M). GC volunteers also showed statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) to the total lymphocytes (PRE x 12M), CD3-CD19+ (PRE x 6M; PRE x 12M), CD3-CD16+CD56+ (PRE x 12M; 6M x 12M), CD3+CD45RO+ (PRE x 12M), and to the CD56dim (PRE x 12M). It is possible that the other independent variable, which not the RTP, and/or some seasonal tendency have influenced the results because to the fact of both groups had presented lower cell expression levels during the period of the study. The results of this study permit to conclude that twelve months of light RTP were sufficient to increase muscle strength and maximal oxygen peak, but not to improve functional and quantitative immunological parameters of clinically healthy elderly women. Thus, possibly suggesting that the \'threshold of effects\' on immunological paremeters on clinically healthy elderly women would be dose-response dependent and/or could be rather than that to increase muscle strength and/or maximal oxygen peak.

Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta ao tratamento em longo prazo de pacientes com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) após cinco anos de terapia cognitivocomportamental em grupo (TCCG) ou sertralina 100mg/dia. Método: Em um estudo naturalístico foram acompanhados após cinco anos cinquenta pacientes que completaram 12 sessões semanais de duas horas de TCCG ou utilizaram 100mg de sertralina/dia pelo mesmo período. A intensidade dos sintomas foi avaliada cinco anos após o tratamento pela Yale-Brown Obsessive- Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Impressão Clínica Global (CGI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) e a qualidade de vida através do World Health Organization Quality of Life Assesment – Abreviated Version (WHOQOL-bref). Resultados: Tanto os pacientes tratados com TCCG como os tratados com sertralina apresentaram redução significativa na gravidade dos sintomas e manutenção dos ganhos terapêuticos cinco anos após o término do tratamento. Observamos também no período de seguimento um aumento no uso de medicação no grupo TCCG (p<0.001) e busca por atendimento psicoterápico no grupo que usou sertralina (p=0,084) embora este último em nível não significativo. Os resultados indicaram que 61,9% dos pacientes seguiram usando ou iniciaram o uso de medicamentos, e 41,5% iniciaram ou continuaram a TCC. Houve um aumento significativo de pacientes em remissão no grupo da sertralina (p=0,046), não ocorrendo o mesmo no grupo da TCCG (p=0,083). Houve aumento nos escores dos diferentes domínios da qualidade de vida independente do grupo. Conclusões: Nossos resultados demonstram que tanto o grupo que realizou TCCG como o que usou sertralina mantiveram a melhora alcançada logo após o término do tratamento, cinco anos após. Além disto, observou-se uma melhora em todos os domínios da QV. Talvez isso se deva ao fato de que mais da metade dos pacientes terem continuado em tratamento durante o seguimento. / Objective: Assess obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients' long term response to treatment after five years of cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) or sertraline 100mg/day. Methods: Fifty patients who completed 12 two-hour weekly CBGT sessions or had sertraline 100 mg/day for the same period were followed up in a naturalistic study. The severity of symptoms were evaluated after five years from the conclusion of treatment by Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Clinical Global Impressions Scale - Severity underscore (CGI-S), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and quality of life with World Health Organization Quality of Life Assesment – Abreviated Version (WHOQOL-bref). Results: Both patients treated with CBGT and those treated with sertraline showed a significant reduction in the severity of symptoms and maintained therapeutic gains five years after the end of treatment. We also noticed an increase in the use of medication in the CBGT group (p<0.001) during the follow-up period and a search for psychotherapeutic treatment in the group who took sertraline (p=0.084), although this latter occurred at a non-significant level. Results indicated that 61.9% of patients continued using or started using the medication and 41.5% started or continued with the CBT. There was a significant increase of remissive patients in the sertraline group (p=0.046), while the same did not occur in the CBGT group (p=0.083). There was an increase in the scores of different quality of life domains (QL) regardless of the group. Conclusions: Our results showed that both the group that underwent CBGT and the one that took sertraline maintained their levels of improvement at the end of the five-year treatment. As well, an increase in all QL domains was noticed. Perhaps this may be put down to the fact that over half the patients continued with the treatment during the follow-up period.

33 pacientes com fibromialgia (FM) foram submetidas a 8 sessões semanais de Yoga (grupo YR, n=17) ou Yoga e massagem Tui Na (grupo YRT, n=16). Foram avaliados: questionário de impacto da FM (FIQ), dolorimetria, escalas visuais analógicas para a dor (EVA) e notas verbais para a dor antes da 1ª sessão e 5+1 semanas após a 8ª sessão. As notas verbais foram também aplicadas na 8ª sessão e as EVA antes e depois de cada atendimento. Ambos os grupos apresentaram reduções significativas nos resultados do FIQ após o tratamento e nas EVA em todas as sessões. As EVA e notas verbais mostraram que o grupo YR apresentou reduções significantes da dor no seguimento, mas não na sessão 8, enquanto o grupo YRT as apresentou já na sessão 8, porém não no seguimento. Portanto, o Yoga mostrou-se eficaz na redução dos sintomas da FM e a adição da massagem reforçou estes efeitos a curto prazo, porém impediu benefícios a longo prazo / 33 fibromyalgic (FM) patients were submited to 8 weekly sessions of Yoga (RY group, n=17) or Yoga plus Tui Na massage (RYT group, n=16). FM impact questionnaire (FIQ), algometry, pain visual analogic scales (VAS) and verbal scores for pain were assessed before session 1 and 5+1 weeks after session 8 (followup). Verbal scores were applied also in session 8 and VAS before and after each session. FIQ after treatment and VAS values in every session significantly decreased in both groups. VAS and verbal scores showed that RY group had significant decrease in pain in followup, but not yet in session 8, while RYT group pain decrease was significant in session 8, but not in followup. So, yogic training showed efficacy in FM decreasing symptoms and massage addition reinforced these effects during treatment, but it impeded long term benefits

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:54:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adelino Candido Pimenta.pdf: 652136 bytes, checksum: c0e6315dc38b466836b23f3ed67900be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-12-07 / This paper presents a new approach in the study of linear functions. In addition, a brief analysis is made of the most relevant aspects of the history of the theme and its articulation with informatics. Initially, a survey was carried out in Goiânia's principal secondary schools in order to identify the textbooks they use. At this stage, a detailed examination of the predominant concepts in these books was undertaken. An attempt was made to give the proposal a theoretical foundation, maintaining, from start to finhish, a dialogue with the ideas of the principal researchers involved with the chosen theme. With regard to the historical and epistemological aspects, these were based on works orientated by Almounloud of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, while in the context of informatics there was a constant attentive dialogue with the works of Borba and his disciples and other investigators in the field. with regard to the text, the principal objective of the research, this was based on the publications of the orientator Oliveira Filho. Finally, by using the Linear Web Aplett software, a proposal, which dynamically directs the study of linear functions, was drawn up, while at the same time new concepts were added to those already consolidated. / Esta trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem noestudo de funções lineares. Analisa, também, os aspectos mais relevantes da história do tema e suas articulações com a informática. Inicialmente, procedeu-se a um levantamento nas principais escolas de ensino médio de Goiânia para identificar os livros didáticos. Nessa etapa, foi realizada uma identificação dos conceitos predominantes no livros. Procurou-se fundamentar teoricamente essa proposta mantendo diálogo, do início ao fim, com as idéias dos principais pesquisadores que se preocupam com a temática eleita. No que diz respeito ao aspecto histórico e epistemólogico, este trabalho apoiou-se especialmente nas análises de Almouloud, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, ao passo que na área de informática a interlocução deu-se, permanente e atentamente, com a produção de Borba e seus discípulos e outros investigadores. O texto, objeto principal desta pesquisa, baseia-se nas publicações de Oliveira Filho. Finalmente, meidante a utilização do software Linear Web Apllet, elaborou-se uma proposta que norteia o estudo de funções lineares de forma dinâmica e iterativa, ao mesmo tempo que agrega novos conceitos

O adequado planejamento e implementação de serviços comunitários para cuidados de pacientes com transtornos mentais graves depende do conhecimento sobre as características destes transtornos e sobre a necessidade de cuidados destes pacientes. O presente estudo visou investigar características da população de pessoas com transtorno mental grave (TMG) em áreas de São Paulo e sua evolução em um período de um ano, utilizando desenho de corte transversal seguido de coorte prospectivo. Foram avaliados sintomas psiquiátricos, ajustamento social, violência, uso de serviços e uso de álcool, tabaco e substâncias psicoativas. Foram incluídos 192 participantes na primeira fase do estudo e reavaliados 149 (77,6%). O diagnóstico mais frequênte foi o de esquizofrenia (59.7%); 6.8% dos indivíduos apresentaram ajustamento social pobre e 120 (81.6%) não toveram internação psiquiátrica nos últimos 12 meses / Adequate planning and implementation of community-based care for patients with functional psychoses requires good knowledge about the occurrence and characteristics of the illnesses, and about the sufferers' needs for care. The aims of the present study were to investigate characteristics of a population with severe mental illness (SMI) São Paulo the evolution in one year, using a cross-sectional study followed by a prospective cohort. Assessments included psychiatric symptoms, social adjustment, services use, violence and patterns of alcohol, tobacco and drug use. From 192 subjects included at the cross-sectional study, 149 (77.6%) were re-assessed, at 1-year follow-up. Of the 149 subjects, the most frequent diagnosis was schizophrenia (59.7%); 6.8% presented poor social adjustment, and 120 (81.6%) had no psychiatric admissions in the 1-year follow-up

Introdução: Os mecanismos responsáveis pela evolução do diabetes associado à obesidade entre pacientes bariátricos são alvos de muitos estudos atualmente. As principais linhas de pensamento envolvem alterações no índice de massa corporal (IMC), hormônios gastrointestinais, inflamação sistêmica e a reformatação ou reeducação alimentar. A maioria destes quesitos foi examinada sob a ótica do curto prazo, sendo que informações concernentes a casos com 10 anos de pós-operatório ainda são escassos. Objetivos: Avaliar o desfecho da homeostase glicídica tardio após a DGYR, em pacientes com e sem diabetes prévio, e documentar os parâmetros clínicos e nutricionais que diferenciem estes grupos. Metodologia: Estudo observacional controlado retrospectivo e prospectivo de 100 pacientes submetidos à derivação gástrica em Y de Roux. Estes pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos iniciais, um com diabetes no pré-operatório e outro sem diabetes. Em seguida, os dois foram subdivididos em quatro subgrupos conforme a evolução do diabetes, sendo eles refratário, responsivo, estáveis e não estáveis, respectivamente. Dados demográficos, laboratoriais, nutricionais, prescrições medicamentosas e evolução clínica do diabetes no pós-operatório a longo prazo foram coletados. Resultados: Dos 96 pacientes efetivamente avaliados, a idade situou-se em 50,39 (± 10,98) no grupo refratário, 56,63 (± 8,29) no grupo responsivo, 47,62 (± 10,72) no grupo estável e 48,17 (± 10,45) no grupo não estável. O sexo feminino prevaleceu em todos os grupos. Uma taxa de 66,7% dos pacientes com diabetes alcançaram a remissão da doença após a DGYR, o tempo de diagnóstico de diabetes pré-operatório se relacionou com o grupo refratário, e uma população de novos diabéticos se configurou tardiamente em pacientes sem a doença no período pré-operatório. Conclusão: 1) A derivação gástrica em Y de Roux induziu remissão em 66,7% dos pacientes com diabetes prévio; 2) O tempo de diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2 esteve associado com ausência da resposta cirúrgica; 3) Pacientes euglicêmicos desenvolveram diabetes após a intervenção na proporção de 17,7%, comprovando que a proteção do procedimento bariátrico contra a instalação do diabetes tipo 2 se atenua com o passar dos anos; 4) Tanto os pacientes com a glicemia anormal quanto os euglicêmicos submetidos à DGYR, necessitam de um seguimento a longo prazo do homeostase glicídica / Introduction: The mechanisms responsible for the development of diabetes associated with obesity among bariatric patients are targets of many ongoing studies. The main lines of thought involve changes in body mass index (BMI), gastrointestinal hormones, systemic inflammation and reformatting nutritional education. Most of these issues were examined from a short term perspective, with information concerning cases after 10 years still scarce. Objectives: Evaluate the outcome of long term of glucose homeostasis after DGYR in patients with and without previous diabetes, and document the clinical and nutritional parameters that differentiate these groups. Methods: An observational retrospective and prospective controlled study with 100 patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. These patients were divided into two initial groups, one with diabetes preoperatively and another without. Then the two groups were subdivided into four subgroups according to the evolution of diabetes, namely refractory, responsive, stable and unstable respectively. Demographic, laboratory, nutritional, and clinical information along with drug prescriptions were collected Results: Among the 96 patients effectively studied, age was 50.39 (± 10.98) in the refractory group, 56.63 (± 8.29) in the responsive group, 47.62 (± 10.72) in the stable group and 48 , 17 (± 10.45) in the unstable group. Females were the majority in all groups. About 66,7% of patients with diabetes achieved disease remission after DGYR, and duration of diabetes was associated with the refractory group. A population of new-onset diabetes was identified in patients without disease in the preoperative period. Conclusion: 1) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass induced remission in 66,7% of patients with previous diabetes; 2) Duration of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes was associated with surgical response, 3) Euglycemic patients developed diabetes after the intervention in the proportion of 17,7%, proving that the protection of bariatric procedure against type 2 diabetes is attenuated over the years; 4) Both patients with abnormal glucose profile as well as those euglycemic undergoing DGYR, require long follow-up of glucose homeostasis

Die klinischen Langzeitergebnisse des vorderen Kreuzbandersatz mit dem Patellarsehnentransplantat nach durchschnittlich 13,8 Jahren waren nicht zufriedenstellend. Hauptursachen hierfür waren operativ-technische Mängel, wie Fehlpositionierung der Bohrkanäle und die Fixierung der Transplantate in einer zu hohen Kniebeugestellung. Diese Abweichungen führten zu signifikant schlechteren Bewegungsausmaßen sowohl in der Streckung als auch in der Beugung. Insbesondere bei zu weit ventral positionierter femoraler Bohrkanalanlage resultierte ein erhebliches Beugedefizit mit Stressbelastung auf das femorotibiale Kompartiment, ähnlich einem Nußknackerphänomen. Bei zu weit ventral positioniertem tibialen Bohrkanal wurde eine signifikante Verringerung der Extension beobachtet. Die Patienten mit gleichzeitiger Meniskusresektion hatten signifikant höhere arthrotische Veränderungen. Sowohl die zum damaligen Zeitpunkt allgemein anerkannte Operationstechnik als auch die postoperative Rehabilitation ist zeitlich überholt und entspricht nicht den gegenwärtigen internationalen Standards. In der experimentellen Untersuchung zum Einwachsverhalten einer autologen vorderen Kreuzbandplastik am Kaninchenmodell konnte der Einfluss und die Wirkung von manipulativ wirkenden Faktoren auf die Ausbildung eines stabilen Bindegewebsregenerates belegt werden. Sowohl der fibrinstabilisierende Faktor XIII als auch die eingesetzte Transplantat-Splitting-Technik zeigten eine positive Wirkung auf den Ein- und Umbau sowie den biomechanischen Ausrissfestigkeiten der Transplantate. Die alleinige Wirkung des Faktor XIII spielt vor allem in der Frühphase eine stimulierende Rolle auf die Initiierung der Umbauvorgänge und der ossären Intergration der Knochenblöcke. Mittel- und langfristig wird die Ausbildung von belastungsstabilen Kollagenfibrillen durch andere weitestgehend unbekannte Einflussfaktoren bestimmt. Die neuartig entwickelte Transplantat-Splitting-Technik erwies sich für den Transplantatumbau ebenfalls als vorteilhaft. Mit dieser Transplantatbearbeitung wurde die Grundlage für eine frühzeitige synoviale Ernährung der Bündel gewährleistet. Durch die artifizielle Gewebsläsion werden reparative Vorgänge beschleunigt. Auf der Grundlage der experimentell gewonnenen Daten kann die Transplantat-Splitting- Technik für die klinische Erprobung und Praxiseinführung empfohlen werden. / The clinical long term results mean 13,8 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions with bone-patellar tendon-bone transplant were not satisfied. Main reasons were technical errors, malpositioning of the bone tunnels and fixation of the transplant in a too high degree of flexion. As a result the patients had significant reductions of motion in extension as well as in flexion. Especially in cases with an anterior femoral bone tunnel position the patients had a loss of flexion and high degree of shear forces in the femoro-tibial compartment similar a nutcracker phenomenon. In ACL reconstructions with an anterior tibial bone tunnel position could be observed a loss of extension. Patients with concomitant meniscal resection showed significant higher rate of osteoarthrotic changes. Both, the former operative technique and the postoperative rehabilitation programme had no clinical relevance today and are replaced by new standards. In an experimental study regarding to the remodeling process of an autologous anterior cruciate ligament plasty in a rabbit model could be examined factors which influencing the maturation process of the graft. The fibrin stabilizing factor XIII as well as the transplant splitting technique showed a positive effect in the remodelling process and the pull-out strength of the transplants. In the early phase the factor XIII activated the initial remodeling and the osseous ingrowth of the bone blocks. In middle and long term period of remodeling there plays unknown factors an important role for building of force restraint collagen fibrils. The new developed splitting technique had some additional advantages. Using these technique the basis of early synovial nutrition could be realized. The artificial tissue lesion leads to an acceleration of the reparative response. On the basis of the experimental data the transplant splitting technique can be recommended and introduce in the clinical trial.

<p>This thesis investigates health trends among very old people and the allocation of public home-help services. A further aim is to examine methodological issues in mortality analysis. Three data sources are used: (1) The Tierp study of community-dwelling persons (n=421, ages 75+), (2) the SWEOLD nationally representative samples (n=537 in 1992 and n=561 in 2002, ages 77+), and 3) SNAC-K comprised of home-help recipients in a district of Stockholm (n=1108, ages 65+).</p><p>Study I suggests that the length of the follow-up period may explain some of the differences found in predictor strength when comparing mortality studies. Predictors that can change rapidly (e.g., health) were found to be strongest for the short term, with a lower average mortality risk for longer follow-ups. Stable variables (e.g., gender) were less affected by length of follow-up.</p><p>Studies II and III present a measure of complex health problems based on serious problems in at least two of three health domains. These were diseases/symptoms, mobility, and cognition/communication. Prevalence of complex health problems increased significantly between 1992 and 2002. Older age, female gender, and lower education increased the odds of having complex problems. Complex problems strongly predicted 4-year mortality. Controlled for age, gender, health, and education, mortality decreased by 20% between 1992 and 2002. Men with complex problems accounted for this decrease. Thus, in 2002 the gender difference in mortality risk was almost eliminated among the most vulnerable adults.</p><p>Study IV revealed that physical and cognitive limitations, higher age, and living alone were significantly related to home-help allocation, with physical and cognitive limitations dominating. Psychiatric symptoms did not affect the assessment.</p><p>The increased prevalence of complex health problems and increased survival among people with complex needs have important implications concerning the need for collaboration among service providers.</p>

<p>Allt fler organisationer bedrivs i projektform idag. Därför är det betydelsefullt att organisationer har väl fungerande projektredovisningssystem.</p><p>Den här uppsatsen behandlar projektredovisningssystemet, TimeEase, hos SABO AB. Tyngdpunkten i uppsatsen ligger på utvärderingen av det här systemet. En utvärdering som bygger på medarbetarnas åsikter och funderingar kring TimeEase. I uppsatsen beskriver vi medarbetarnas inställning mot TimeEase och förklarar med hjälp av olika teorier varför det förhåller sig på det sättet.</p><p>Uppsatsen grundar sig på intervjuer och en enkätundersökning där medarbetarna fick svara på frågor angående TimeEase. Svaren kopplas till projektteorier som handlar om projektuppföljning och projektekonomi samt förändringsprocesser som beskriver införandet av nya IT- verktyg i organisationen.</p><p>Undersökningen visar att en stor del av medarbetarna är missnöjda med projektredovisningssystemet TimeEase samtidigt som de anser att det kan vara ett bra verktyg om det användes på rätt sätt. Det innebär att TimeEase måste utvecklas för att det ska fylla dess syfte.</p> / <p>At present, more companies are run by projects, and therefore it is very important for them to have an operational accounting system.</p><p>This essay examines the accounting system, TimeEase, at SABO AB. The emphasize is on the evaluation of the accounting system. An evaluation based on employees opinions and thoughts on TimeEase. This describes employee attitude towards TimeEase and explains it with various theories reason behind it.</p><p>This essay is based on interviews and an questionnaire which were handed out to the employees who voluntarily answered questions concerning TimeEase. The answers from the questionnaire we received were related to the theories which explains project follow-up, project finances and changing process which describes introduction of new information technology system.</p><p>This examination reveals that the majority of the employees are dissatisfied with TimeEase, but also that is a good system if used properly. This implies that TimeEase has to develop to fulfill its purpose.</p>

<p>Fifty children with hematologic malignancies have been treated with autologous BMT in Uppsala. The aim was to describe late effects in this group with special reference to cataracts, reduced final height, and to hepatic, renal, and pulmonary late effects. </p><p>Cataracts: All patients who received TBI in their conditioning developed posterior subcapsular cataract after BMT. A few patients with visual impairment affecting daily life needed cataract surgery, whereas the visual acuity was well preserved in most of the other patients.</p><p>Final height: There was a decrease in final height relative both to height at BMT and to target height. This decrease was significant both in those who had received TBI only and in those who had been given cranial irradiation. Cranial irradiation, young age at BMT, and short duration of GH treatment were predictors of height loss. </p><p>Hepatic function: Hepatic function was well preserved over a period of 10 years after BMT. TBI did not appear to be a risk factor for hepatic impairment. </p><p>Renal function: Six months after BMT there was a decrease in renal function in patients who had received TBI. It then recovered, albeit incompletely, and stabilized. After the first year there was little change over a period of 10 years after BMT. TBI appeared to be the most important risk factor for the development of chronic renal impairment in a number of patients. Nephrotoxic antibiotics may have contributed.</p><p>Pulmonary function: Six months after BMT there was a decrease in pulmonary function in those who received TBI. It then recovered and stabilized at the pretransplant level. After the first year there was little change over a period of 10 years after BMT. TBI appeared to be the most important risk factor for restrictive pulmonary disease in a number of patients whereas chemotherapy might also have been of importance for impaired gas exchange.</p>