The relation between architecture and cinema has begun with the first steps of the technology of moving images at the beginning of the 20th century and it has continued progressively until now by importing various intellectual, representational, and practical devices from each other in order to reconfigure their own systems of knowledge. In this investigation, the fundamental elements of architectural design and principles of their organization are used in the field of cinema as a methodological tool to analyze the compositional features of narrative, mise-en scene and editing/montage. First of all, the end products of both domains are conceived as a form of composition, and in this respect, the compatibility of their design dynamics is examined. Secondly, the fundamental design elements and principles of both architecture and cinema are defined. Finally, in order to redefine the design process of a film and to reveal the existence of fundamental principles of architectural design in the process of filmmaking, a comprehensive and comparative analysis is made between the two fields.

We study canonical forms for Hamiltonian and symplectic matrices or pencils under equivalence transformations which keep the class invariant. In contrast to other canonical forms our forms are as close as possible to a triangular structure in the same class. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of Hamiltonian and symplectic triangular Jordan, Kronecker and Schur forms. The presented results generalize results of Lin and Ho [17] and simplify the proofs presented there.

This thesis deals with Swedish full text retrieval and the problem of morphological variation of query terms in thedocument database. The study is an information retrieval experiment with a test collection. While no Swedish testcollection was available, such a collection was constructed. It consists of a document database containing 161,336news articles, and 52 topics with four-graded (0, 1, 2, 3) relevance assessments. The effects of indexing strategy-query term combination on retrieval effectiveness were studied. Three of five testedmethods involved indexing strategies that used conflation, in the form of normalization. Further, two of these threecombinations used indexing strategies that employed compound splitting. Normalization and compound splittingwere performed by SWETWOL, a morphological analyzer for the Swedish language. A fourth combinationattempted to group related terms by right hand truncation of query terms. A search expert performed the truncation.The four combinations were compared to each other and to a baseline combination, where no attempt was made tocounteract the problem of morphological variation of query terms in the document database. Two situations were examined in the evaluation: the binary relevance situation and the multiple degree relevancesituation. With regard to the binary relevance situation, where the three (positive) relevance degrees (1, 2, 3) weremerged into one, and where precision was used as evaluation measure, the four alternative combinationsoutperformed the baseline. The best performing combination was the combination that used truncation. Thiscombination performed better than or equal to a median precision value for 41 of the 52 topics. One reason for therelatively good performance of the truncation combination was the capacity of its queries to retrieve different partsof speech. In the multiple degree relevance situation, where the three (positive) relevance degrees were retained, retrievaleffectiveness was taken to be the accumulated gain the user receives by examining the retrieval result up to givenpositions. The evaluation measure used was nDCG (normalized cumulated gain with discount). This measurecredits retrieval methods that (1) rank highly relevant documents higher than less relevant ones, and (2) rankrelevant (of any degree) documents high. With respect to (2), nDCG involves a discount component: a discount withregard to the relevance score of a relevant (of any degree) document is performed, and this discount is greater andgreater, the higher position the document has in the ranked list of retrieved documents. In the multiple degree relevance situation, the five combinations were evaluated under four different user scenarios,where each scenario simulated a certain user type. Again, the four alternative combinations outperformed thebaseline, for each user scenario. The truncation combination had the best performance under each user scenario.This outcome agreed with the performance result in the binary relevance situation. However, there were alsodifferences between the two relevance situations. For 25 percent of the topics and with regard to one of the four userscenarios, the set of best performing combinations in the binary relevance situation was disjunct from the set of bestperforming combinations in the multiple degree relevance situation. The user scenario in question was such thatalmost all importance was placed on highly relevant documents, and the discount was sharp. The main conclusion of the thesis is that normalization and right hand truncation (performed by a search expert)enhanced retrieval effectiveness in comparison to the baseline, irrespective of which of the two relevance situationswe consider. Further, the three indexing strategy-query term combinations based on normalization were almost asgood as the combination that involves truncation. This holds for both relevance situations. / <p>QC 20150813</p>

No description available.

Viena aktualiausių jūros aplinkos apsaugos problemų - tyčiniai neteisėti teršalų išmetimai iš laivų, pažeidžiant tarptautinius aplinkosauginius reikalavimus. Nors pavieniai neteisėti naftuotų vandenų išmetimai iš laivų dažniausiai nėra dideli, tačiau bendras visų neteisėtų išmetimų kiekis yra didžiulis. Tarptautinė jūrų organizacija, supratusi problemos svarbą, patvirtino 1973 metais tarptautinę konvenciją dėl taršos iš laivų prevencijos, kuri vėliau virto MARPOL 73/78. Tačiau nepaisant to, kad šiuo metu MARPOL 73/78 taikoma 99 % pasaulinio laivyno, pavyzdžiui Baltijos jūroje kasmet apžvalgos skrydžių metu užfiksuojama apie 400 neteisėtų išmetimų iš laivų, tačiau jų būna gerokai daugiau. Tokiais atvejais teršėjai paprastai nėra nustatomi, nežinoma, kiek ir kokių teršalų pateko į jūrą. Tyčiniai neteisėti naftuotų vandenų išmetimai iš laivų tai dėl ekonominių, finansinių paskatų atliekamas pažeidimas. Pažeidėjas gali turėti gan reikšmingos finansinės naudos nepriduodamas laive susidarančių atliekų (naftuotų vandenų) ar krovinio likučių į uosto atliekų priėmimo įrenginius, tiesiog juos išmesdamas į jūrą. Be to, pažeidėjai turi ekonominį pranašumą prieš tuos laivų savininkus ar įmones, kurios išleidžia nemažai lėšų investuodami į aplinkosaugines technologijas, kad tinkamai vykdytų taršos iš laivų reikalavimus. Lietuvoje nuo 1997 m. nebuvo nustatyta nei vieno neteisėto tyčinio naftuotų vandenų išmetimo iš laivų. Siekiant įgyvendinti tarptautinius ir ES reikalavimus taršos iš... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Intentional illegal discharges from ships – one of the most significant environmental problems. While the individual discharges are not always large, the accumulative effect is significant. The importance of the problem was recognised by International Maritime Organization. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973 and Protocol of the 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973 (MARPOL 73/78) was adopted. Today MARPOL 73/78 is applicable for 99 % World shipping tonnage. About 400 illegal oil discharges are observed during areal surveillance flights every year in the Baltic Sea, but obviously there are more of them. Usually in such cases polluter is unknown and there is no information what kind of oil is spilled and how much. Illegal discharges from ships are an economically motivated violation, that can involve significant gain for those violating the law. The offender can have significant financial benefit not discharging ship generated waste to port reception facilities, but discharging them into the sea. In addition, those violating the law have an unfair economic advantages over companies spending the necessary money to comply with the law. There were no illegal discharges detected in Lithuania since 1997. In order to implement international and EU requirements in the field of prevention pollution from ships, the amendments of the Low on Marine Environment Protection and the Law on State... [to full text]

The main part of the dissertation is a text. The other is an exhibition mainly presenting a bow-lathe and some furniture designed and produced in that bow lathe. Interior- and furniture design are disciplines in which sensory qualities are important. Within these disciplines there are well established methods and languages for developing these qualities. However, such development has rarely been achieved through the medium of text. Sensory qualities tend to be ignored in highly textualized knowledge environments. Within education textualized knowledge is often valued higher than forms of knowledge developed through other medias than text. This situation has led to a dichotomized perception of knowledge where textualized knowledge attained through writing and conceptualizing, is valued higher than knowledge developed through physical work. The thesis argues that this hierarchical view on different forms of knowledge also has an influence on the practical profession of the designer, manifest in the paradoxical situation where the form aspects of design is neglected and over shadowed by various forms of textualized knowledge. The central research question posed in the text part is: Which adverse effects might an increasing emphasis on textualized theory have on the design practices? The questions are highlighted from perspectives such as; epistemology, tradition, history and power. The central research question in the exhibition part examines if any possible negative effects on design resulting from the above mentioned scenario, may be prevented through engaging in a highly physical and non-conceptual design- process? The purpose of the exhibition part is to introduce methods and design that may provide the impetus for further development in the fields of design. The bow lathe is presented as an example of a productive tool for the development of relevant contemporary design. / Avhandlingen består av två delar i vilken huvuddelen redovisas i textform och den andra som en utställning innehållande en bågsvarv samt bågsvarvade möbler. Utställningen dokumenteras som film. Rumsgestaltning och möbelformgivning är yrkespraktiker vilka laborerar med materiella, rumsliga och sinnliga aspekter. Inom fältet finns sedan gammalt väl utvecklade metoder och språk för att undersöka och utveckla dessa men dessa är sällan i textform och ofta inte ens i ordform. Avhandlingen diskuterar hur textbaserad teoretisering av ett visst ämne tenderar att leda till en försämrad förmåga att uppfatta och värdera sinnliga och formmässiga aspekter på det ämne som textualiseras. De akademiska institutioner som arbetar med textualiserad teoribildning har av gammal hävd tolkningsföreträde i utbildnings- och kunskapssammanhang. Denna situation har bidragit till ett dikotomiserande synsätt på kunskap vilket tenderar att värdera textteoretiska kunskapsformer högre än sådana kunskapsfält som i högre grad utvecklar kunskap praktiskt genom mer sinnesbaserat arbete i form snarare än genom text. Avhandlingen visar hur denna hierarkiska kunskapssyn också har utövat inflytande på formgivningsfälten och hur den där bidragit till det paradoxala att formaspekter på formgivning ofta hamnar i skymundan. Huvudfrågan som ställs i textdelen är: Vilka negativa effekter kan en ökande grad av textualiserad teoribildning befaras ha på formgivningspraktikerna? I avhandlingens formgivningsdel är forskningsfrågan: Kan en hög grad av fysiskt deltagande i designprocessen bidra med impulser som motverkar eventuella negativa effekter av en textualiseringen av teoribildningen inom, i första hand, fälten för inredningsarkitektur och möbeldesign? Syftet med avhandlingens textdel är att genom kritisk analys och tolkning av sådana kunskapskulturer som starkt präglas av läsande och skrivande som medel för sina teoribildningar kunna synliggöra vissa problem då dessa medel och språk tillämpas inom fälten för formgivning. Dessa textualiseringstendenser belyses också utifrån perspektiven; epistemologi, tradition, historia och makt. Avhandlingens formgivningsdel, utställningen, har som syfte att presentera metoder och formgivna resultat som kan ge impulser till vidareutveckling inom främst möbel- och inredningsfältet. Undersökningen i denna del sker via formgivning genom konstnärligt informerat hantverksarbete. / <p>QC 20140814</p>

Sustainable urban development is mentioned together with the concept of urban form in contemporary planning literature. The main reason behind this is a need for determining an ideal physical development scheme and its main principles of urban future in a broad term. Besides, the operational side of urban planning requires a concrete set of design codes in order to transform urban space in both macro and mezzo scale. At this point, the concept of urban compactness and the idea of Compact City have come into the agenda of planning. In the last decade, the model of compact city has become a prototype of sustainable urban form in developed countries. It is also argued whether compact urbanity is a nostalgic metaphor or an engineering solution. It has emerged as a reaction to the negative consequences of urban sprawl and suburbanization as the anti-urbanist urban phenomena in Western geographies. Hence, the relevance of urban compactness should be examined for developing and underdeveloped countries and their settlement structures. The basic motivation of the thesis is to examine the relevance and validity of urban compactness in the case of Turkey as a developing Eurasian country. For this end, the evolution of urban compactness as a fact and an idea in the historical context of developed countries and it&rsquo / s meaning for the developing world / Ankara is examined as a case study by re-reading its planning history and the transformation of its urban form from the point of view of compactness.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:08:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_j_me_sjrp.pdf: 438115 bytes, checksum: 072493cefd49a6603f89810da896f173 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Seja K um corpo p-ádico, com p 6= 2 e F K uma extensão galoisiana de K de grau n: Então F pode ser visto como espa»co quadrático sobre K, com a forma quadrática dada por T(x) = trFjK(x2), para x 2 F: Determinaremos os invariantes determinante, dimensão e invariante de Hasse desta forma quadrática para n igual a 2,3 e 4. / Let K be a p-adic eld with p 6= 2 and F a Galois extension eld of K of degree n: Then F can be viewed as a quadratic space over K under the quadratic form T(x) = trFjK(x2) for x 2 F. The invariants of this quadratic form dimension, determinant and Hasse invariant are given in the case when n is equal to 2,3 and 4.

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar se o Teste Wartegg é um instrumento capaz de avaliar a criatividade em seleção de pessoal. Foi realizada uma validade de construto através de estudos correlacionais entre indicadores de criatividade nos protocolos do Wartegg e do Torrance – Forma Figural. Participaram desta pesquisa 68 candidatos de processos seletivos, 47% homens e 52,7% mulheres, com idades entre 18 e 41 anos. Foram observadas evidências de fidedignidade no Wartegg correlacionando-se os itens que compõem as categorias que se acredita estarem relacionadas com a função básica imaginação – criatividade, flexibilidade, visão convencional e rigidez – com seus totais. O melhor indicador no Wartegg para investigar a criatividade foi o somatório da criatividade com a flexibilidade. Além disso, verificou-se uma correlação direta entre o campo 5 do Wartegg e os índices criativos figurais do Torrance (ICF 1 e ICF 2). Ainda que o estudo em questão apresente alguma evidência de validade, novos estudos são necessários. Por fim, constata-se que o objetivo do Wartegg, tanto pelo rapport como pela construção teórica, está muito mais direcionado para o entendimento de questões mais amplas da personalidade do que para a investigação de uma função básica específica. Entretanto, a correlação das funções básicas com testes que investiguem o mesmo construto talvez seja uma das únicas formas de validar o instrumento, tendo em vista a dificuldade de encontrar um teste que avalie as condições de personalidade de maneira tão ampla. / This study it had as objective to investigate if the Wartegg Test is an instrument capable to assess the creativity in personnel selection. A construct validity has been verified through correlation studies between creativity indicators in the protocols of the Wartegg Test and those of the Figural Form of the Torrance Test. Sixty eight candidates for selective processes, 47.0% men and 52.7% women, were involved in this research, ranging from 18 to 41 years of age. Evidences of trustworthiness in the Wartegg Test had been observed correlating items of categories which were assumed to be related with the basic function imagination - creativity, flexibility, conventional vision and rigidity - with its totals. The best Wartegg indicator found to investigate creativity is the sum of creativity plus flexibility. Moreover, a direct correlation was verified between field 5 of the Wartegg and the figural creativity index of the Torrance (ICF 1 e ICF 2). Despite the study presents some evidence of validity, new studies are required. Finally, it is evident the objective of the Wartegg, as much for rapport as for the theoretical construction, is more directed to understanding of ampler questions of personality than to investigation of a specific basic function. However, the correlation between basic functions and tests which investigate the same construct may be the only way to validate the instrument, due the difficulty in finding a test that evaluates conditions of personality in so ampler way.

Purpose: The aim of this degree project is to control the set-up for a longer period by means of the workplace at the use of the total station for then comparing calculated outcomes with real outcomes. Method: A combination of both quantitative and qualitative studies have been used in this degree project, consisting of literature studies and a case study including interviews, document analyzes, site visits and measurements. The case study is based on an ongoing project in the municipality of Nassjo, where a skate park is constructed and whose soil consists of peat. Preload in the form of overload has been applied. Findings: The result indicates the occurrence of a difference between calculated outcome and actual outcome regarding set rate and time course when using preload in the form of overload. The deviation is about 20 cm. Preload in the form of overload is a good method for peat land, but it is unlikely to be remarkably improved by vertical drainage. Implications: In view of the measurements produced by the authors, this shows that the method of loading in the form of overload on peat field works, however, gives the calculation model which has been used to be uncertain. The result described in more detail regarding vertical drainage on peat fields will not accelerate the process because the peat is already well drained. This means that it will cost extra without benefiting from the method. Limitations: The work has limited to two reinforcement methods on peat fields. A case study has been limited to only one area. There was preload in the form of overload, whose soil material consists of peat. Keywords: Peat, Permeability, Preloading in the form of overload, settlements, total station, vertical drainage, water quota. / Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete är att kontrollera sättningen under en längre period genom mätningar som skett på arbetsplatsen vid användning av totalstation för sedan kunna jämföra beräknat utfall med verkligt utfall. Metod: En kombination av både kvantitativa och kvalitativa studier har använts i detta examensarbete, bestående av litteraturstudier och en fallstudie inbegripande intervjuer, dokumentanalyser samt platsbesök och mätningar. Fallstudien grundar sig i ett pågående projekt i Nässjö kommun där det byggs en skatepark vars jordmaterial består av torv och där förbelastning i form av överlast har tillämpats. Resultat: Resultatet indikerar på förekomsten av en skillnad mellan beräknat utfall och verkligt utfall gällande sättningshastighet och tidsförlopp vid användning av förbelastning i form av överlast. Avvikelsen ligger på ungefär 20 cm. Förbelastning i form av överlast är en bra metod för torvmark men att det sannolikt inte anmärkningsvärt går att förbättra genom vertikaldränering. Konsekvenser: Med hänsyn till de mätresultat som rapportförfattarna har bringat fram visar detta att metoden förbelastning i form av överlast på torvmark fungerar, dock ger beräkningsmodellen som har använts osäkra resultat. Resultatet som beskrivs mer detaljerat gällande vertikaldränering på torvmark kommer inte påskynda processen eftersom torven redan är väl dränerad d.v.s. porerna är genomträngliga och vattnet kan lätt rinna ut vid användning av förbelastning i form av överlast. Detta innebär att det kommer medföra extra kostnader utan att få nytta av metoden. Begränsningar: Arbetet har begränsats till två förstärkningsmetoder på torvmark. En fallstudie har begränsats till endast ett område, där förbelastning i form av överlast utförs på jordmaterial som består av torv. Nyckelord: Förbelastning i form av överlast, permeabilitet, sättningar, Torv, totalstation, vertikaldränering, vattenkvot.