In this dissertation, it is my intention to show how Stephen King transcends genre, creates and maintains a viable Secondary Reality, and treats capably those literary techniques that critics expect of a serious writer. In addition, I will discuss the ways in which King has secured the loyalty of his Constant Reader. The primary means of my analysis will be through a close reading of the "expanded and uncut" version of The Stand, one of the classics in King's arsenal. I will begin with an overview of the general set-up in the novel---the start in Arnette, Texas, the actions of the military and media, and the 99.4% communicability of the flu itself. From there, I will delve into detailed character analyses of the main players in the story, before moving on to questions of the bigger picture---good vs evil, the question of choice, the Stand itself, the issue of government, and the promise of the future. I will conclude with a brief look at King's style and consider the overall reasons for his popular appeal. It is my hope that such a lengthy look at one of King's novels---instead of the brief chapters devoted to each of his novels in turn---will reveal not only the reasons why King is worthy of serious study, but will show that King's work does stand up to in-depth criticism, thereby answering one of the key questions of current King scholarship: is there enough in King to work with? Everybody agrees that King can crank out lengthy novels without much trouble; it is my intention to peak [sic] into the corners and down into the basement, if for no other reason than to find out if there really is a bogeyman hiding in there, or if it is merely an over-inflated rag doll of fandom. Either way, whether the horror be in the text or in the lack of substance in the text, I hope that my examination will lend new insight to the study of The Stand, and perhaps pave the way for other in-depth studies of other King novels.

In January 1989, a much-rumored work by Dmitri Shostakovich titled Anti-Formalist Rayok received its public premiere. Rayok is a single-act satirical opera/cantata for bass soloist and mixed chorus. Each character represents a prominent Soviet political figure: Joseph Stalin, Andrei Zhdanov, and Dmitri Shepilov. The text of the libretto is either taken directly from actual speeches given by these political figures or follows their idiosyncratic style of public speaking. Rayok often falls victim to criticism for its lack of musical depth, a point of view that could easily lead one to see it as one of Shostakovich's lesser works. The purpose of this document is to examine the political environment of the Soviet Union in the early twentieth century in order to provide context for Shostakovich's Anti-Formalist Rayok and to show how Shostakovich uses satire in this piece. This dissertation document looks at the broader concepts of Formalism and Socialist Realism, traces how Socialist Realism became the established Soviet cultural aesthetic, and examines specific historical events in the 1940s and 1950s that relate to Rayok. Musical examples are taken from the section of the piece centering around D.T. Troikin. These examples demonstrate how Shostakovich uses Socialist Realist clichés in order to satirize the overly bureaucratized state of Soviet musical aesthetics. This leads to the conclusion that Shostakovich created a paradoxical work of art only posing as kitsch, and that he was not only satirizing the political figures presented in disguise but also the entire Soviet Socialist Realist aesthetic.

The project 'Of Ghosts and [Wo]men' proposes an artificial landscape in the new area of Kiruna, that will be built exclusively from the materials of the demolished buildings. This is a way of displaying and giving back to the public pieces of the body of the old city, while suggesting an architecture that recycles the old into new forms and programs.Combining embroidery elements with data from the mining activity, the ground of the site is processed through the interrelationships of historical maps of the mine, engendering a series of forms that question not only these layers of the “under” city that remain unseen but also the meaning of the forms themselves. The proposed landscape consists of four distinct layers: the wooden main pathways, the platforms [plateaus] made of brick mosaic, the mounds made of sculpted earth and the storage-workshop composed of assemblages of different materials [concrete panels, glass, bricks].

My thesis reflects an assessment of The Lord of the Rings centering on the idea of a structure of opposites. For each place, race, character and object in The Lord of the Rings, J.R.R. Tolkien included an element which serves as an antithesis. In addition, the style, pacing, and language of the work also contain antithetical pairs which continually engage and propel the reader to the work's conclusion. I contend that this deliberate pairing of opposing elements adds depth and verisimilitude to the work. Tolkien was an avid student of what his contemporaries would have called "fantasy" or "fairy tales." While dismissed by many scholars as juvenilia, Tolkien and his predecessors the trailblazing folklorists and philologists the Grimm brothers took these works seriously as both serious narratives and fragments of a time for which the historical record is spotty. In examining these Old English, Old Norse, Old Germanic and folkloric works, Tolkien built a professional reputation as a literary critic. He studied the formalist elements of these tales such as plot, diction, characterization and pacing the same way other literary critics studied contemporary or "mainstream" historical works. I contend that Tolkien's work as a critic informed Tolkien as a writer in form and structure. My thesis highlights the deliberately shaped formalist element of antithetical pairs of races, places, objects and characters. In addition, the narrative pacing and style of the works reflect and author concerned with a deliberate paring of polarities. As my thesis examine the text for elements of plot, setting, pacing and characterization I primarily approach Tolkien from a formalist and narratological standpoint. Many of the points I mention are not new; critics have noted in passing some of the elements before essays or books that focus on another method of criticism. However, I believe that in pulling together a final tally of Tolkien's structural polarities I can explain how a work derided at its publication by critic Edmund Wilson as "juvenile trash" has endured to become the best selling work published in England, aside from the Bible.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O livro de gramÃtica de lÃngua inglesa à um material de referÃncia no contexto de aprendizado de lÃngua estrangeira. Tendo isso em vista, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar como os verbos modais sÃo abordados nas seÃÃes de explicaÃÃo e de exercÃcios nas gramÃticas de lÃngua inglesa. Comparam-se seis gramÃticas cujos anos de publicaÃÃo sÃo 1996, 1999, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011, de trÃs renomadas editoras que publicam materiais de estudo de lÃngua inglesa para estrangeiros â Oxford, Macmillan, e Pearson Longman. Serà verificada a pertinÃncia dos exercÃcios em relaÃÃo à teoria funcionalista, cujo foco està pautado no uso (NEVES, 2015), ou à teoria formalista, que prima pela autonomia da estrutura em relaÃÃo ao uso da forma linguÃstica (LOCK, 1996). A pesquisa conta com o aparato teÃrico do funcionalismo (DIK, 1978; GIVÃN, 1995; HALLIDAY, 2004;), do estruturalismo (SAUSSURE, 1971; CHOMSKY, 1957; BENVENISTE, 1989; 1991; LOCK, 1996), da modalidade deÃntica (PALMER, 2001), e dos mÃtodos de ensino de lÃngua (LARSEN-FREEMAN, 2000). Quanto aos procedimentos metodolÃgicos, foram analisados os capÃtulos referentes aos verbos modais relacionados à modalidade deÃntica de cada uma das seis gramÃticas escolhidas. Foi feita a anÃlise de cada seÃÃo explicativa e de cada seÃÃo de exercÃcios, tentando flagrar que concepÃÃo, formalista ou funcionalista (DIK, 1978), estava presente. Em seguida, procedemos à contagem dos dados e ao cÃlculo das porcentagens que os representam. Quanto à seÃÃo explicativa das gramÃticas, apenas uma apresentou uma abordagem mais focada na forma (FUCHS & BONNER, 2006), enquanto as outras cinco concentraram suas explicaÃÃes no uso linguÃstico. No que tange Ãs seÃÃes de exercÃcios, quatro das gramÃticas (ALEXANDER, 1999; FUCHS & BONNER, 2006; VINCE, 2008; SWAN, WALTER, 2011) tiveram um quantitativo maior de exercÃcios cujo foco està na estrutura do verbo modal, sem associÃ-lo ao aspecto comunicativo. Apenas duas das gramÃticas (BLAND, 1996; CONRAD, BIBER, 2009) mantiveram a abordagem concentrada no uso nas duas seÃÃes. Ao todo foram analisadas 103 seÃÃes explicativas e 163 exercÃcios. Notou-se que os autores dos seis livros escolhidos jà dÃo indÃcios da teoria funcionalista, uma vez que diversos aspectos que remetem à polissemia dos verbos modais e Ãs nuances referentes ao uso destes (75,72%) estÃo inseridos nas seÃÃes explicativas. Contudo, em relaÃÃo à seÃÃo de exercÃcios ainda predominam aqueles de cunho mecanicista (62,58%). / The Grammar book of the English language is an important material used in the context of learning a foreign language. With this in mind, this research aims at analyzing which approach is used in the sections of explanations and exercises related to modal verbs in English grammars. Six grammars, whose years of publication are 1996, 1999, 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2011, of three renowned publishers that make instructional materials for foreign students of the English language - Oxford, Macmillan, and Pearson Longman- are compared. The appropriateness of the exercises will be verified in relation to the functionalist theory, whose focus is based on use (NEVES, 2015), or to the formalistic theory, that excels the autonomy of the structure in relation to the use of the linguistic structure (LOCK, 1996). The research accounts for the theoretical apparatus of the functionalism (DIK, 1978; GIVÃN, 1995; HALLIDAY, 2004), of the structuralism (SAUSSURE, 1971; CHOMSKY, 1957; BENVENISTE,1989; 1991; LOCK, 1996), of the deontic modality (PALMER, 2001) and of the methods of language teaching (LARSEN-FREEMAN, 2000). As for the methodological procedures, the chapters regarding the modal verbs related to the deontic modality of each one of the six grammars were analyzed. The analysis of each explanatory section and of each section of exercises was made, trying to catch which conception, formalist or functionalist (DIK, 1978), was present. Soon afterwards, we proceeded to the counting of the data and the calculation of the percentages that represent them. As for the explanatory section of the grammars, just one presented an approach more focused on the form (FUCHS & BONNER, 2006), while the other five concentrated their explanations on the linguistic use. With respect to the sections of exercises, four of the grammars (ALEXANDER, 1999; FUCHS & BONNER, 2006; VINCE, 2008; SWAN, WALTER, 2011) had a larger quantity of exercises whose focus was in the structure of the modal verb, without associating it to the communicative aspect. Only two grammars (BLAND, 1996; CONRAD, BIBER, 2009) had an approach concentrated on use in both sections. An amount of 103 explanatory sections and 163 exercises were analyzed. It was noticed that the authors of the six grammar books chosen already indicate signs of the functionalist theory as several aspects that relate to the polysemy of the modal verbs and the specific aspects regarding the use of them (75,72%) are inserted in the explanatory sections. However, in relation to the section of exercises the ones based on form still prevail (62,58%).

The following thesis document examines the production process for the lighting design of Temple University Theatre Department's production of Brigadoon. It will explore the analytical, conceptual, and technical aspects of my personal process as a lighting designer, as well evaluate the department's Master of Fine Arts program and how it contributed to my development as a fine artist in the field of lighting design. / Theater

The work grafted hymnologies, a piece for chamber orchestra, explores connections between twentieth century formalist compositional techniques and formalist techniques of pretonal music. This document, which accompanies the score for the piece, provides an analysis of the work that explains the various techniques and their application to the music. This piece is composed in five large sections. The work pairs compositional techniques associated with pre-tonal music from those of twentieth century modernist music. For example, the second section employs the Medieval idea of tropes-- each time the melody is repeated, new melodic material is added, in the style of the elaborations to the Gregorian repertory that were common as early as the tenth century. This is paired with a single pitch class drone that evolves by timbral modulation, a technique influenced in part by Schoenberg and carried out exactingly by Elliot Carter. Each section contains a similar pairings, which are explained in detail herein. That these kinds of pairings could co-exist in a single piece seems natural; certainly, the intricate formalism that appeared in some Western concert music before 1600 exhibits a certain degree of aesthetic concurrence with the formalist music of the early to mid- twentieth century. Artistically, reaching back to the past (both near and far) and creating something new is an interesting exploration of how history can inform the creative process. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T13:54:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mary Angelica Costa Tourinho.pdf: 3296225 bytes, checksum: c6343752e06c5a4bdac5a962fc69e0db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-19 / The present work is enrolled in the thematic one that it is put into motion enters the history of the education and the relations of sort; It looks for to follow the performance of pupils that who studied at Normal School of the Maranhão, in the transition of century XIX for the XX, taking as starting point the ideas and theories that compose the national ideal in the related period; it analyzes as the idea of the new , identified with the republic and the innumerable transformations, occurred in the economic and sociocultural area, they go being spread in all domestic territory; it observes as in just restored Brazilian republic, some intellectuals, between which - Teixeira Mendes, Coelho Neto, Barbosa de Godóis, Silvio Romero, Arthur Azevedo - they more go interpreting adjusted workmanships and theoretical chains to its material and regarding context. Part of the estimated one of that the Normal School through the daily action of its pupils, became an important vehicle of reinterpretation of these ideas and the construction of a shape society, where the feminine sex appeared as support basic in the affirmation of adjusted considered social references for the period. Therefore, the research is supported in the method of analysis of the speech, that it looks to point the difference enters the said one in the speech, and the read one for the women, in this context, as in it points Chartier, I understand this particular, allied reading to them to practical daily the specific ones, as subversions , in the perspective of Certeau. For the theoretical representation of the local panorama, that served of field of relational and professional experience, also reference in what searched Certeau calls of bricolagem , as form to mount a critical mosaic , through which if it can glimpse the dinamicidade and mannering multiplicity, sociocultural, of formalists women in the Maranhão of the period. / O presente trabalho inscreve-se na temática que se movimenta entre a história da educação e as relações de gênero; procura acompanhar atuações de alunas e egressas da Escola Normal do Maranhão, na transição do século XIX para o XX, tomando como ponto de partida as idéias, principalmente referente às mulheres, que compõem o ideário nacional do período. Estes referenciais identificam-se com a república e transformações sócio culturais e vão sendo disseminadas em todo território nacional; através de intelectuais - como Teixeira Mendes, Coelho Neto, Barbosa de Godóis, Silvio Romero, Artur Azevedo que produziram e reinterpretaram obras e correntes teóricas que integravam o contexto material e relacional desse período. Parte-se do pressuposto de que a Escola Normal, através da ação cotidiana de suas alunas e egressas, tornou-se um importante veículo de reinterpretação das idéias do novo na construção de uma sociedade modelar, em que o sexo feminino aparecia como sustentáculo fundamental na afirmação de referenciais sociais considerados adequados para o período. Portanto, o trabalho sustenta-se no método de análise do discurso, que procura apontar a diferença entre o dito no discurso, e o lido pelas mulheres, nesse contexto, conforme nos aponta Chartier (2001), entendendo essa leitura como particular e aliada às práticas cotidianas específicadas, como subversões , na perspectiva de Certeau (2002). Para a representação do panorama local, que serviu de campo de vivência relacional e profissional, também se buscou referência no que Certeau (2002) denomina de bricolagem , como forma de montar um crítico mosaico , através do qual conseguimos vislumbrar a dinamicidade e multiplicidade comportamental, sócio-cultural, de mulheres normalistas no Maranhão daquele período.

This thesis will critically examine the importance, purpose, methods, and applications of art criticism. Initial background information on types of critical judgment will lay the foundation to understanding the different methods of art criticism. While the articles and journals read on criticism vary in style and method they all have the goal to become a basic framework for examining the form and content of works of art. My goal of this thesis will be to take researched methods of criticism and create my own methods of criticism to be used in the K-12 art education classroom. The body of my research will examine the following methods of criticism (1) Feldman Method, (2) Broudy Method, (3) Lankford Method, (4) Anderson Method, (5) Feminist Conversation Method, (6) Modernism, and (7) Postmodernism. My research will seek to understand the nature of and importance of art criticism and its educational applications for K-12 art classrooms. In conjunction with the examination of these methods and their corresponding stages, I will be able to synthesize three methods of criticism to be used in the classroom: formalist, expressivist, and instrumentalist.

<p>This essay is a narrative analyze of the computer game Halo. The purpose of the essay is to see what function the narrative elements have in a computer game of the action genre. The analyze is done with a neo-formalistic approach according to the theory of David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson. The choice of game was based on it's positive reviews mentioning the story. The essay tries to give a picture of research in the field and researchers views on narratives and computer games. </p><p>The conclusion is that this particular game uses the narrative to motivate progress through the game and give the player a goal to play towards. It's also been used to enhance the players experience. </p> / <p>Uppsatsen gör en analys av de narrativa delarna i datorspelet Halo. Syftet med uppsatsen är att se vilken funktion de narrativa elementen fyller i ett datorspel i actiongenren. Analysen har gjort utifrån neoformalistisk teori enligt David Bordwell och Kristin Thompson. Valet av spel gjordes utifrån de positiva recensioner spelet fått som nämner historien i spelet. Uppsatsen försöker ge en bild av dagens forskning inom datorspel och narrativ och den bild framstående forskare har. </p><p>Slutsatsen är att spelet har använt narrativ för att fungera som drivkraft genom spelet och att ge spelaren det mål som man ska spela mot för att vinna. Det har också använts för att förhöja spelarens upplevelse. </p>