Esta tese apresenta um estudo comparativo entre a trilogia O tempo e o vento, formada pelos romances O continente (1995), O retrato (1995) e O arquipélago (1995), do escritor brasileiro Erico Verissimo; e o romance Yaka (1998), do escritor angolano Artur Carlos Maurício Pestana dos Santos, conhecido como Pepetela, pelo fato dos dois escritores se utilizarem de estratégias narrativas comuns, tais como a saga familiar, a metaficção, a técnica narrativa do contraponto e a polifonia na escrita de seus romances históricos ou narrativas de fundação. A utilização de recursos narrativos comuns torna semelhantes as estruturas narrativas das duas obras que formam o corpus da pesquisa. Ao final da tese, esperamos comprovar que a obra do escritor brasileiro serviu de modelo para o escritor angolano, que incorporou algumas de suas estratégias narrativas e as adaptou ao contexto da literatura angolana, segundo o conceito de intertextualidade de Julia Kristeva (1974) que concebe a escrita de um texto literário como a leitura do corpus anterior, noção que implica ver o texto como absorção e transformação de um outro texto, de modo que o romancista ao escrever a sua obra sempre parte de um modelo pré-existente, seja para legitimá-lo ou questioná-lo, sem que isto signifique que ele tenha feito uma mera cópia do modelo apropriado. / This thesis presents a comparative study of the trilogy O tempo e o vento,formed by the novels O Continente (1995), O retrato (1995) and O Arquipélago(1995), by the Brazilian writer ÉricoVerissimo, and the novelYaka (1998), by the Angolan writer Artur Carlos Maurício Pestana dos Santos, known as Pepetela, by the fact of the two writers use common narrative strategies, such as family saga, a metafiction, the counterpoint narrative technique and polyphony in their historical novels writing and founding narratives. The use of narrative resources makessimilar the narrative structures of the two works that compose the corpus of this research. At the end of the thesis, we hope to prove that the work of Brazilian writer served as a model for the Angolan writer, which incorporated some of his narrative strategies and adapted them to the context of the Angolan literature, according to the concept of intertextuality of Julia Kristeva (1974) that conceives writing a literary text as the reading of previous corpus notion that implies seeing the text as absorption and transformation of another text, so that the novelist, at the time he writes his work, always parts of a pre-existing model, in order to legitimize it or question it, without this implying that he has made a mere copy of the appropriate model.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA FLAVIA BRAUN VIEIRA.pdf: 3789288 bytes, checksum: e23ac8e1bda69739f5879a035c4f2cf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / SUMMARY: Being Telemaco Borba – PR known as “the Klabin’s city”, this paper has as purpose the content analysis of the O Tibagi newspaper, owned by Horacio Klabin, in order to find what was the influence of the jornal in building the founding speech in this city. To this end, discussions were held about the political and power relations and its ability to estabilish a history; it were identified the elements of the oficial history of the city; finally, the content analysis was made in the anual anniversary editions of the weekly, between the years of 1948 and 1964, considering both the speeches of self-recerentiality, who built the place of the newspaper as enunciator of knowledge to the montealegrense society, such as outerrerefentiality, and its contribuition to the organization’s founding speech and the establishment of local offical history. From the analysis of theses sources it was concluded the the newspaper O Tibagi, through the dissemination of his speeches, as it silences over the past previous to the arrival or industrial, reached his readers with other senses, contributing in this way, with a new history to the place. / Sendo Telêmaco Borba – PR conhecida como “a cidade da Klabin”, este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise de conteúdo do jornal O Tibagi, de propriedade de Horácio Klabin, afim de verificar qual foi a influência do periódico na construção do discurso fundador deste município. Para tanto, foram realizadas discussões a respeito das relações políticas e de poder, bem como a sua capacidade em instituir uma história; foram identificados os elementos que compõem a história oficial do município; por fim, realizada a análise de conteúdo nas edições anuais de aniversário do semanário, entre os anos de 1948 e 1964, considerando tanto os discursos de autorreferencialidade, que construíram o lugar do jornal enquanto enunciador do conhecimento para a sociedade montealegrense, como os de heterorreferencialidade e sua contribuição para a organização do discurso fundador e o estabelecimento de uma história oficial local. A partir da análise de tais fontes foi possível concluir que o jornal O Tibagi, por meio da disseminação de seus discursos, ao silenciar sobre o passado anterior a chegada dos industriais, atingia seus leitores de sentidos outros, contribuindo, dessa maneira, com uma nova história para o lugar.

Abstract Sweden has had a long tradition of freedom of the press and freedom of speech. Today the judicial area is regulated by the constitution of the press and the constitution of speech. The purpose of the two constitutions is to secure the right for every Swedish citizen to express their thoughts, opinions and feelings. The constitutions are designed to regulate the techniques with which the information is distributed and not to regulate the information in itself. This fact has caused a debate to arise on the subject whether the constitutions are still suitable to regulate the judicial area when the technical development causes the constitutions to get out of date and in need of constant updating. As a rule the usage of social media is not regulated by the constitution of speech the information distributed through these webpages can be included by the protection given by the constitution but very few of these webpages fulfill the criteria’s demanded by the constitution. The purpose of this essay is to ask the question whether the constitution of speech should be reformed to better regulate the technical development in the future. The essay examines whether a new constitution can be developed so that it no longer is tied to a certain technique and if it, in the future, should include all the information distributed through social media. It is the author´s conclusion that the constitution of freedom of speech should be concentrated on giving a special protection to professional companies’ whose occupation it is to distribute information to the public. This is the best way to preserve a regulation that is clear, consistent and easy to practice. A constitution that is given an area that is too wide to regulate will only restrain the freedom of speech and its founding principles and should therefore be avoided.

La lontananza tra il diritto e l’“orizzonte” della fraternità è molto avvertita non solo nell’“accademia” ma anche nell’immaginario collettivo. Il tentativo di questa tesi è quello di dimostrare la possibilità, teorica e pratica, di accostare queste realtà apparentemente molto distanti e inconciliabili tra loro: il diritto, e in particolare il diritto pubblico, e il principio di fraternità. Dopo aver analizzato le difficoltà e le obiezioni fondamentali a tale ipotesi, la tesi propone alcune soluzioni e percorsi per cercare un dialogo, cioè per risolvere l’apparente antinomia tra la spontaneità della fraternità e la coattività tipica del diritto. Terreno di elezione per la messa alla prova dell’idea proposta è la Costituzione italiana e, in particolare, la fase della sua nascita. La convinzione che fa da sfondo alla ricerca è la consapevolezza che, per la comprensione dell’importanza teorica e pratica del principio giuridico di fraternità, occorre pur sempre partire dall’esperienza di un vissuto quotidiano di rapporti fraterni. / The distance between the law and the “horizon“ fraternity is felt not only in the “academic circles“ but also in the collective imagination. The aim of this dissertation is to prove the theoretical and practical possibility to combine these dimensions apparently distant and incompatible: the law, in particular public law, and the principle of fraternity. After analyzing the difficulties and the fundamental objections to this idea, the dissertation proposes some solutions and paths to search for a dialogue, that is, to solve the ostensible contradiction between the spontaneity of fraternity and the typical coercive character of law. The basis used to prove the sustained idea is the Italian Constitution and specifically the period of its birth. The background is the firm belief that in order to understand the theoretical and practical importance of the juridical principle of fraternity it's always necessary to start from the fraternal relationships experienced in the daily life.

Comment interpréter la clause d’identité nationale, insérée par le Traité de Maastricht au sein du Traité sur l’Union européenne ? Dans sa version courte, elle prévoit que « l’Union respecte l’identité nationale de ses États membres ». La présente étude, centrée sur l’interprétation socioculturelle de la clause, se propose d’examiner sa portée juridique. En la matière, il apparaît que l’intégration européenne entretient un rapport ambivalent avec l’identité collective : si elle encadre juridiquement la façon dont les États membres définissent leur identité nationale – principe de leur unité –, elle ne tend pas à instaurer une identité européenne substitutive, interrogeant par là même les fondements de la démocratie européenne. Dans le mouvement inverse, les identités nationales des États membres ont aussi un impact sur le processus d’intégration : elles constituent une limite matérielle, bien qu’imprécise, à l’intégration économique et politique européenne. Agissant faiblement dans la répartition des compétences entre l’UE et les États membres, l’identité nationale des États membres représente en revanche un frein puissant à la démocratisation de l’UE. Il s’agit là d’un des défis majeurs de la construction européenne : si elle s’oriente dans le sens d’une intégration politique, elle supposera de conceptualiser les fondements d’une démocratie non nationale. A cette fin, dans le contexte européen et sur le plan juridique, en tant que clause d’articulation entre l’universel et le particulier, la clause d’identité nationale gagnerait à être précisée dans son contenu socioculturel et à œuvrer davantage en tant que principe régissant la délimitation des compétences de l’UE. / How should the clause of national identity, inserted by the Maastricht Treaty within the Treaty on European Union, be understood? In its shorter version, this clause provides that “the Union shall respect the national identities of its Member States”. This study, focused on the sociocultural interpretation of the clause, proposes to examine its legal scope. In that matter, the European integration maintains an ambivalent relationship with collective identity: while circumscribing legally the way that the Member States define their own national identity – the principle of their unity –, it is not aimed at establishing a European substitutive identity, and this statement raises the question of the founding principles of the European democracy. In the opposite movement, the national identities of the Member States also have an impact on the integration process: they represent a substantive limit, though imprecise, to the economic and political integration. Having a weak incidence on the division of competence between the EU and the Member States, the national identity of the Member States constitutes in contrast a powerful obstacle to the democratization of the EU. This is precisely one of the major challenges of the European construction: if it follows the political path of integration, it will require the conceptualization of the grounds of a multinational democracy. For this purpose, in the European context and from a legal point of view, as a clause of articulation between the universal and the particular, the clause of national identity would deserve to be specified in its sociocultural content and to be used as a principle guiding the delimitation of competence of the EU.

The aim of the work is to determine the investment costs of the tangible assets and coverage. Further, the work summarises the costs, profits and economical results. Another issue relies on the identification of the factors influencing the classification of the economical effectivity of the investment project and of the cosequent use of the information in the particular investment project in the field of health care and social services.

Esta tese apresenta um estudo comparativo entre a trilogia O tempo e o vento, formada pelos romances O continente (1995), O retrato (1995) e O arquipélago (1995), do escritor brasileiro Erico Verissimo; e o romance Yaka (1998), do escritor angolano Artur Carlos Maurício Pestana dos Santos, conhecido como Pepetela, pelo fato dos dois escritores se utilizarem de estratégias narrativas comuns, tais como a saga familiar, a metaficção, a técnica narrativa do contraponto e a polifonia na escrita de seus romances históricos ou narrativas de fundação. A utilização de recursos narrativos comuns torna semelhantes as estruturas narrativas das duas obras que formam o corpus da pesquisa. Ao final da tese, esperamos comprovar que a obra do escritor brasileiro serviu de modelo para o escritor angolano, que incorporou algumas de suas estratégias narrativas e as adaptou ao contexto da literatura angolana, segundo o conceito de intertextualidade de Julia Kristeva (1974) que concebe a escrita de um texto literário como a leitura do corpus anterior, noção que implica ver o texto como absorção e transformação de um outro texto, de modo que o romancista ao escrever a sua obra sempre parte de um modelo pré-existente, seja para legitimá-lo ou questioná-lo, sem que isto signifique que ele tenha feito uma mera cópia do modelo apropriado. / This thesis presents a comparative study of the trilogy O tempo e o vento,formed by the novels O Continente (1995), O retrato (1995) and O Arquipélago(1995), by the Brazilian writer ÉricoVerissimo, and the novelYaka (1998), by the Angolan writer Artur Carlos Maurício Pestana dos Santos, known as Pepetela, by the fact of the two writers use common narrative strategies, such as family saga, a metafiction, the counterpoint narrative technique and polyphony in their historical novels writing and founding narratives. The use of narrative resources makessimilar the narrative structures of the two works that compose the corpus of this research. At the end of the thesis, we hope to prove that the work of Brazilian writer served as a model for the Angolan writer, which incorporated some of his narrative strategies and adapted them to the context of the Angolan literature, according to the concept of intertextuality of Julia Kristeva (1974) that conceives writing a literary text as the reading of previous corpus notion that implies seeing the text as absorption and transformation of another text, so that the novelist, at the time he writes his work, always parts of a pre-existing model, in order to legitimize it or question it, without this implying that he has made a mere copy of the appropriate model.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-10T13:34:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 julianadeoliveiraaugustin.pdf: 846987 bytes, checksum: 44fe5d4102c2a79c3b44fe3eb961bdd5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T15:06:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 julianadeoliveiraaugustin.pdf: 846987 bytes, checksum: 44fe5d4102c2a79c3b44fe3eb961bdd5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T15:06:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 julianadeoliveiraaugustin.pdf: 846987 bytes, checksum: 44fe5d4102c2a79c3b44fe3eb961bdd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Conhecer a biologia e o comportamento de rainhas fundadoras em processo de estabelecimento de novas colônias pode ser útil para se compreender as adaptações evolutivas pelas quais passaram muitos insetos sociais. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de investigar a influência da perda de massa corporal de rainhas de A. sexdens na mortalidade, assim como na produção de ovos, larvas, pupas e operárias, nos períodos de fundação e de crescimento ergonômico, buscando descrever os atos comportamentais executados pelas rainhas mantidas em colônias artificiais. A aferição da massa corporal das rainhas e a contagem de ovos, larvas, pupas e operárias foram realizadas semanalmente, mantendo as condições laboratoriais em 25 ± 5°C, 70 a 80 % de umidade relativa e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Ao final de 168 dias de observações, a mortalidade havia atingido 95,7% das jovens rainhas, principalmente na fase de préoviposição (58,3% de mortalidade). Em média, as rainhas recém-fecundadas e dealadas pesavam 0,7 ± 0,05g após o vôo nupcial, perdendo, em média, 22,5% de massa corporal durante as 11 semanas do período de fundação, e 44,7% nas 11 semanas seguintes, durante o período ergonômico. Quanto à duração das fases de desnvolvimento colonial, verificou-se que as fases de pré-oviposição, embrionária, larval e pupal duraram, respectivamente, 3, 26, 23 e 21 dias. As freqüências médias de ovos reprodutivos, larvas e pupas nos períodos de fundação e ergonômico foram significativamente diferentes entre si. Foram identificados 49 atos comportamentais, os quais puderam ser agrupados em sete categorias, conforme a função biológica aparentemente dedutível. As rainhas recém-fecundadas mostraram-se comparativamente mais ativas durante o período de fundação, em relação ao período ergonômico. Os comportamentos mais freqüentes registrados para rainhas de A. sexdens neste estudo foram aqueles relacionados com a auto limpeza. Este resultado é um forte indício de que a auto-limpeza possivelmente desempenha a função de prevenir a contaminação colonial por parasitas, podendo ter sido de extrema importância no estabelecimento da relação mutualística obrigatória formiga-fungo. Os dados obtidos com a conclusão deste estudo poderão ser utilizados em futuros estudos comparativos entre espécies, auxiliando eventualmente na compreensão de seus processos evolutivos. / Knowing both biology and behavior of newly-mated founding ant queens may be extremely useful for understanding the evolutionary adaptations experienced by many social insect societies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of weight loss of A. sexdens founding queens on the mortality and on the production of eggs, larvae, pupae and workers, during both the founding and ergonomic periods, as well as to describe the behavior repertoire performed by the queens. Individual queen weight and number of eggs, larvae, pupae and workers per colony were taken weekly. Laboratory conditions were kept in 25 ± 5°C, 70 to 80 % of relative umidity and 12 hour fotoperiod. By the end of 168 days, mortality had reached 95,7% of the young queens, mainly in the pre-incubation phase (58,3% of mortality). On average, newly-mated queens weighed 0,7 ± 0,05g after the nuptial flight, losing, on average, 22,5% of weight during the founding period, and 44,7% in the ergonomic period. On average, the pre-incubation, incubation, larval and pupal phases lasted, respectively, 3, 26, 23 and 21 days. The relative frequencies of reproductive eggs, larvae and pupae in the founding period were significantly different from the ergonomic period. Forty-nine behavioral acts were identified and they could be distributed into seven categories, according to their seemingly deducible biological function. The newly-mated queens were found to be comparatively more active during the founding period, in relation to the ergonomic period. Contrary to what one could expect for Attini queens with claustral foundation, the most frequent behaviors registered for A. sexdens queens in this study were those related not to the care with the offspring or to the simbiont fungus, but rather to the self-grooming. This result is a strong indication that self-grooming may function as preventing colony contamination by potential parasites, having been possibly played an important role in the establishment of the obligatory ant-fungus mutualism. Data obtained from the conclusion of this study can be used in comparative studies among ant species, eventually helping in the understanding of their evolutionary processes.

Chez les Mayas Actuels (MA), de nombreux symbolismes révèlent des symétries brisées qui laissent penser à une propriété du noyau de la matière, la rupture spontanée de symétrie. Ce travail, traite de la genèse et du maintien des Principes Fondateurs (PF) chez les MA. Un savoir, issu d’une certaine connaissance de la matière, porterait ces PF à travers le temps, par répétition, en se transmettant chez les MA au moyen de leurs Espaces de Représentation Symbolique. La Matrice de Référence Maya, une Matrice Ontologique du Savoir particulière, sous-tendrait leurs PF. L’exploration de leurs modes de vie montre comment ces PF nourrissent le moi en tant que substrat permanent et façonnent le sujet transcendantal. Les supports pédagogiques semailles du maïs, tissus et cérémonies traités révèlent l’existence d’un habitus particulier, la cosmovision des MA, et permettent de savoir où, pourquoi et comment s’accomplissent la genèse et le maintien de leurs PF. / At the Actual Mayas (MA), numerous symbolisms reveal broken symmetries that feel like a property of the core material, the spontaneous break of symmetry. This work, milking of the genesis and maintain of the Founding Principles (PF) at the MA. A knowing, stemming from certain knowledge of the material, would carry these PF through time, by repetition, and would passed on to the MA by means of their Spaces of Symbolic Representation.The Reference matrix Maya, an Ontological particular Matrix of the knowing,would underlie their PF. The exploration of their way of life shows how this PF is nourishing the self as permanent substratum and shape the transcendental subject. The teaching aids sowings of corns, tissues and ceremonies treated reveal the existence of a particular Habitus, the Cosmovision of MA, and allow to know where, why and how come true the genesis and the maintain of their PF.

Vi har i detta examensarbete undersökt vad det finns för teoretiska respektive reella för- och nackdelar med friskolor samt hur de förhåller sig till propositionen Valfrihet i skolan som ligger till grund för reformen. Utifrån sex olika källor har vi kommit fram till att det finns både reella och teoretiska för- och nackdelar. Tydliga fördelar är att lärarlönerna har ökat sedan friskolereformen trädde i kraft, att vinst kan vara en positiv drivkraft samt att det har blivit lättare att matcha elev och skola då utbudet av mer specifika inriktningar har ökat. Tydliga nackdelar är att lärarnas arbetsbörda tycks ha ökat, att betygsinflationen har ökat i och med konkurrensen samt att det tycks vara svårt att utkräva ansvar om utbildningen håller låg kvalitet då det föreligger sociala och monetära hinder vid ett skolbyte. Det visar sig även att propositionens syfte till viss del har infriats i form av ett bredare skolutbud med olika inriktningar och en mer produktiv skola i och med den effektivisering som konkurrensen har inneburit. Det fastslås även att det finns en problematik gällande informationsflödet mellan producent (friskolan) och konsument (behörig elev) som gör att det blir svårt för elever och dess familjer att ta det ansvar över elevens utbildningssituation som propositionen föreslår.
 Frågeställningarna som besvaras är: Vad finns det för teoretiska respektive reella fördelar med friskolor?, Vad finns det för teoretiska respektive reella nackdelar med friskolor? samt Hur förhåller sig för- respektive nackdelar till propositionen som ligger till grund för friskolereformen?
 Viss vidare forskning krävs inom området. Framförallt behövs nya studier som statistiskt belyser skillnader mellan kommunala skolor och friskolor. / In this paper we aim to investigate the advantages and disadvantages with the Swedish free-school system and how reality aligns with the political prequel that paved way for the Swedish free-school reform. Based on six sources we have found that there are both practical and theoretical advantages together with practical and theoretical disadvantages. Some clear advantages are that the pay rate of Swedish teachers has increased since the free-school reform, that the possibility of profit could be a positive driving force for an organization and that the free-school system has led to a increased selection of educational possibilities and has thereby simplified the match between student and school. Clear disadvantages is that the teachers workload has increased, the grade inflation has increased in connection with the competition on the Swedish school market and that it is difficult to assume responsibility if education is of low quality as there are social and monetary barriers if a student wants to switch school. It also turns out that the purpose of the bill has in part been infused in the form of a broader school offering with different orientations and a more productive school with the efficiency enhancement that competition has meant. It is also established that there is a problem regarding the flow of information between the producer (independent school) and the consumer (competent student) which makes it difficult for students and their families to take responsibility for the student's educational situation as proposed by the bill.
 The questions that are answered are: What are the theoretical and practical advantages of the Swedish free-school system?, What are the theoretical and practical disadvantages of the Swedish free- school system? as well as How are the advantages and disadvantages aligning with the political ideas that paved way for the Swedish free-school reform? 
 Some further research is required in the field. Above all, new studies are required that statistically highlight differences between municipal schools and independent schools.