Podemos dizer que as Catedrais Góticas, verdadeiras bíblias de pedra, são signos medievais que podem ser lidos já como o resultado da intercomunicação entre matemática-ciência-arte, uma vez que tais edificações surgiram de projeções arquitetônicas, da utilização de uma dada geometria assim como da execução de determinados conjuntos escultóricos. Podemos ainda ressaltar que essa intercomunicação se intensifica durante todo o Renascimento, exemplo máximo da união entre esses três campos do conhecimento. No Renascimento, a geometria dominante e a Euclidiana; os artistas enfrentavam as questões espaciais a partir de um ponto de vista fixo. A historia se transforma quando alguns matemáticos por volta de 1800 começam a pensar na possibilidade de outra geometria que não a de Euclides. Surge, então, um tipo de geometria que ficaria conhecida como geometria não-Euclidiana, uma geometria para ser utilizada em espaços curvos. As implicações dessa nova Geometria foram tão abrangentes que influiu na elaboração da Teoria da Relatividade, de Einstein. Um novo tipo de intercomunicação entre matemática-ciência-arte, que ajudou a resolver questões ligadas a quadrimensionalidade. Enfim, trata-se de uma intercomunicação que influenciou na produção de artistas como Picasso, Duchamp e Dali. / We can say that the Gothic Cathedral, veritable Bibles of stone, are medieval sign that can be read as a result of the intercommunication among mathematicsscience- art, since that one buildings appear from an architectonic projection, from the utilization of a given geometry just as from the execution of a group of sculpture. We can salient that this intercommunication intensifies during Renaissance, example maximum of the union among those three fields of knowledge. Into the Renaissance, the geometry dominant is the Euclidean, the artists faced the special questions from one fixed viewpoint. The story becomes different when some mathematicians around 1800 begin thinking on the possibility of another geometry that doesn\'t that of Euclids. Appears, then, a kind of geometry that would be known as non-Euclidean Geometry: a geometry to be used in curved space. The implications of that new Geometry was so in-depth that influenced the elaboration of Einsteins Relativity Theory. Therefore a new kind of intercommunication among mathematics-science-art, which it helped to resolve questions linked together to the fourth dimension. An intercommunication that influenced the production of artists like Picasso, Duchamp and Dali.

La présente thèse analyse la cohérence de la politique nord-africaine de la France sous la IVe République (1946-1958). Se focalisant sur la politique d’intégration en Algérie, l’auteur prend aussi en considération les imbrications entre la question algérienne et la politique de coopération au Maroc et en Tunisie ainsi qu’avec la crise de Suez en 1956. D’un côté, il s’agit de comparer les ambitions de la France au Maghreb avec l’engagement politique et économique concret. De l’autre, l’auteur analyse le bienfondé des exigences officielles face aux données régionales, nationales et internationales. L’étude examine si, en France comme en Afrique du Nord, il y a eu une motivation suffisamment grande pour accepter les conséquences multiples de la politique poursuivie et si des alternatives crédibles ont été proposées dans le débat contemporain. Globalement, l’auteur cherche à savoir comment la présumée détermination de la IVe République à défendre l’Algérie française, quoi qu’il en coûte, s’est transformée sous la Ve République en un calcul comptable des coûts qui, finalement, mène à l’indépendance de l’Algérie en 1962. / The present thesis examines the coherence of France’s North Africa policy during the Fourth Republic (1946-1958). The author focuses on the economic dimension of the so called “integration policy” in Algeria. Furthermore, its impacts on the French relations with Morocco and Tunisia as well as on the Suez Crisis in 1956 are being analyzed. On the one hand, the study compares France’s ambitious goals in the region with its actual political and economic commitment. On the other hand, it investigates the plausibility of these goals against the background of the local, national and international situation. The author verifies if politicians and citizens were willing to accept the multiple consequences of France’s political ambitions and if realistic alternatives were proposed in the discussion at that time. Moreover, the thesis offers an explanation why the presumed great determination of the Fourth Republic to keep French Algeria whatever the cost finally turned into a sober cost-benefit analysis in the Fifth Republic which led to Algerian independence in 1962. / Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht die Kohärenz der französischen Nordafrikapolitik in der IV. Republik (1946-1958). Der Fokus liegt auf der sogenannten Integrationspolitik in Algerien. Ferner werden deren Einflüsse auf die französischen Beziehungen mit Marokko und Tunesien und auf die Suezkrise 1956 analysiert. Dabei geht es zum einen darum, die weitreichenden Ansprüche Frankreichs in der Region dem tatsächlichen politischen und ökonomischen Engagement gegen- überzustellen. Zum anderen wird die Plausibilität der offiziellen Ambitionen vor dem Hintergrund der regionalen, nationalen und internationalen Rahmenbedingungen überprüft. Damit verbunden sind die Fragen nach der Bereitschaft in Politik und Gesellschaft, die vielfältigen Konsequenzen der Nordafrikapolitik zu tragen, und nach alternativen Handlungsoptionen zu den getroffenen Ent- scheidungen. Darüber hinaus erforscht die Studie, wie aus der von großer Entschlossenheit geprägten Maxime der IV. Republik, Französisch-Algerien um jeden Preis zu verteidigen, in der V. Republik eine dem Anschein nach nüchterne Abwägung von Kosten und Nutzen zugunsten der algerischen Unabhängigkeit im Jahr 1962 werden konnte.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-02-11T11:31:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Liriana Zanon Stefanello_.pdf: 11645045 bytes, checksum: e9a1d6a5118168de4fe492a58c1bcee7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-11T11:31:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Liriana Zanon Stefanello_.pdf: 11645045 bytes, checksum: e9a1d6a5118168de4fe492a58c1bcee7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-05 / Milton Valente / A tese é um estudo sobre a construção das memórias familiares de imigrantes na região da Quarta Colônia Imperial de Imigração Italiana do Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil. Ela fala da trajetória das famílias Pippi e Pigatto, da Itália ao Brasil, buscando analisar quais os mecanismos e dinâmicas usados para a inserção dessas famílias na sociedade sul-rio-grandense e como estas vêm mantendo as suas memórias. Para tanto, estudamos não só as estratégias usadas por estes imigrantes para se inserirem na sociedade receptora, mas também, como a memória de si e sobre si foi e vem sendo construída por e para seus descendentes. A elaboração da memória é uma construção social, então, selecionar o que deve ser lembrado e o que se relega ao esquecimento é parte de todo e qualquer processo de construção de memória e de identidade. E mais que isso, compreendendo o indivíduo como ator social responsável pela sua história, os documentos familiares tornam-se patrimônio de uma comunidade quando a representam, uma vez que carregam consigo uma carga simbólica de representar no presente o passado de cada família. Para estas duas famílias, como para centenas de outras, a construção de uma memória que chamamos de oficial ocorreu através da criação do Centro de Pesquisas Genealógicas (CPG) de Nova Palma, organizado pelo Padre Luiz Sponchiado (01/06/1984) com o objetivo de preservação da memória deste grupo imigrante. Uma das famílias estudadas, entretanto, reelaborou suas memórias também de forma particular, a família Pippi. Ao construir uma outra memória de si, esta criou um acervo privado que deu a ler uma outra história/memória familiar, que em última instância tencionou a memória oficial organizada no CPG. Já os documentos da família Pigatto, guardados no CPG, representam e são aceitos como a sua memória na Quarta Colônia de Imigração Italiana do Rio Grande do Sul. Além desse caráter memorial, todos os documentos são parte do patrimônio cultural desta comunidade quer os guardados no acervo do CPG, quer no acervo particular da Sra. Maria Neli Donatto Pippi ou de outros não identificados. Juntos, eles fazem parte desta busca dos indivíduos pela identificação e pela afirmação de uma memória familiar. Cada documento “escolhido” torna-se, então, um símbolo de rememoração que objetiva reconstruir a trajetória, a história e a memória familiar. / The thesis is a study on the construction of family memories of immigrants in the region of the Fourth Imperial Colony of Italian Immigration of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil. It addresses the trajectory of Pippi and Pigatto families, from Italy to Brazil seeking to analyze the mechanisms and dynamics used for insertion in the south of Rio Grande society and how they have maintained their memories. For that we study not only the strategies used by these immigrants to integrate into the host society but also how the memory itself and on itself was and is being built by and for their descendants. The development of memory is a social construct, therefore selecting what should be remembered and what is relegated to oblivion is part of any construction process of memory and identity. And more than that, understanding the individual as a social actor responsible for its history, family documents become heritage of a community when they represent it, because they carry the symbolic burden of representing in the present the past of each family. For these two families as well as hundreds of others, the construction of a memory - we call official - occurred through the creation of the Center for genealogy Research (CPG) of Nova Palma organized by Father Luiz Sponchiado (01/06/1984) in order to preserve the memory of this immigrant group. However one of the studied families has also reworked their memories in a particular way. The Pippi family, on building another memory itself, has created a private collection that has given to read another story / family memory, which ultimately tensed the official memory organized at the CPG. Nonetheless Pigatto family documents stored in CPG represent and are accepted as its memory at the Fourth Colony of Italian Immigration of the Rio Grande do Sul. In addition to this memorial character all documents are part of the cultural heritage of this community which want them stored in the CPG's collection, either in the private collection of Mrs. Maria Neli Donatto Pippi or unidentified others. Together they are part of this individuals search for identification and affirmation of a family memory. Each "chosen" document becomes then a symbol of remembrance that aims to reconstruct the trajectory, history and family memory.

Introdução: A laceração obstétrica do esfíncter anal (LOEA) está associado com incontinência anal. A episiotomia foi proposta como uma forma de proteção do esfíncter anal no parto, especialmente a episiotomia mediolateral; entretanto, diversos estudos mostraram que o uso de rotina da episiotomia não reduz o risco de LOEA. Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar se a redução na taxa de episiotomia em hospital escola no Brasil foi associada a um aumento na incidência de lacerações obstétricas do esfíncter anal, além de fatores associados a elas. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal e retrospectivo, realizado no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram incluídos todos os partos vaginais de gestações únicas, apresentação cefálica, a partir de 34 semanas de idade gestacional, realizados em 2011-2012 (uso liberal da episiotomia) e 2015-2016 (uso restrito da episiotomia), e comparados em relação a taxa de episiotomia mediolateral e de LOEA. Resultados: foram analisados 4268 partos (2043 no período de 2011-2012, 2225 de 2015-2016), foram analisados 2043 partos. A taxa de episiotomia reduziu de 59.4% para 44.2% (p≤0.0001). No período 2011-2012, ocorreram 10 lacerações obstétricas do esfíncter anal em 2043 partos (0.48%), enquanto que no período 2015-2016, ocorreram 31 lacerações em 2225 partos (1.39%). Houve interação quando comparado os dois períodos em relação a realização de episiotomia e a ocorrência de LOEA (p≤0.0001). A episiotomia foi fortemente associada a não ocorrência de LOEA em 2011-2012 (59.5%), enquanto que não ter episiotomia foi associado ao grupo com (67.7%) e sem LOEA (55.7%) em 2015-2016. Fatores associados a LOEA foram indução do parto e distócia de ombro. Conclusão: Houve um aumento na taxa de lacerações do esfíncter anal com a diminuição da taxa de episiotomia. A episiotomia de rotina foi prote / Introduction: Obstetric anal sphincter tear (OAST) is associated with anal incontinence. Episiotomy was proposed as a form of protection of the anal sphincter at delivery, especially mediolateral episiotomy; however, several studies have shown that routine use of episiotomy does not reduce the risk of OAST. Objective: This study aims to analyse whether the reduction in the rate of episiotomy in a school hospital in Brazil was associated with an increase in the incidence of obstetric lacerations of the anal sphincter, in addition to associated factors. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study, conducted at Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We included all vaginal deliveries of single pregnancies, cephalic presentation, from 34 weeks of gestational age, performed in 2011-2012 (liberal episiotomy) and 2015- 2016 (restricted episiotomy), and compared in relation to the rate of mediolateral episiotomy and OAST. Results: 4268 births were analysed (2043 in 2011-2012 and 2225 in 2015-2016). The episiotomy rate decreased from 59.4% to 44.2% (p≤0.0001). In 2011-2012, there were 10 obstetric anal sphincter lacerations in 2043 births (0.48%), while in the period 2015-2016 there were 31 lacerations in 2225 births (1.39%). There was interaction when comparing the two periods in relation to the episiotomy and the occurrence of OAST (p≤0.0001). Episiotomy was strongly related to 2011-2012 group with no OAST (59.5%), while not having an episiotomy was related to both OAST (67.7%) and no OAST (55.7%) group in 2015-2016. Factors associated with OAST were labor induction and shoulder dystocia. Conclusion: There was an increase in the rate of lacerations of the anal sphincter with a decrease in the rate of episiotomy. Routine episiotomy was protective.

In “Translating Revolution in Twentieth-Century China and France,” I examine how the two countries translated each other’s revolutions during critical moments of political and cultural crisis (the 1911 Revolution, the May Fourth Movement (1919), the Cultural Revolution (1966-76), and May 1968 in France), and subsequently (or simultaneously), how that knowledge was mobilized in practice and shaped the historical contexts in which it was produced. Drawing upon a broad range of discourses including political journals, travel narratives, films and novels in French, English and Chinese, I argue that translation served as a key site of knowledge production, shaping the formulation of various political and cultural projects from constructing a Chinese national identity to articulating women’s rights to thinking about radical emancipation in an era of decolonization. While there have been isolated studies on the influence of the French Revolution in early twentieth-century China, and the impact of the Chinese Cultural Revolution on the development of French Maoism and French theory in the sixties, there have been few studies that examine the circulation of revolutionary ideas and practices across multiple historical moments and cultural contexts. In addition, the tendency of much current scholarship to focus exclusively on the texts of prominent French or Chinese intellectuals overlooks the vital role played by translation, and by non-elite thinkers, writers, students and migrant workers in the cross-fertilization of revolutionary discourses and practices. Given that potential solutions to social and political problems associated with modernity were debated through the recurring circulation of translations (and retranslations) of ideas such as “democracy”, “natural rights,” “women’s rights,” and so on, I examine: who was translating whom, and for what purposes? What specific concepts and values are privileged, and why? Taking translation and translingual contact as my point of departure, I illuminate how French and Chinese intermediaries envisioned and attempted to create a just society under fraught historical conditions.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-16T12:14:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Célio Pereira Oliveira Neto.pdf: 1972237 bytes, checksum: 6b1b44dbd5812a6b4a068c6627f3426a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T12:14:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Célio Pereira Oliveira Neto.pdf: 1972237 bytes, checksum: 6b1b44dbd5812a6b4a068c6627f3426a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / The first industrial revolutions shifted the pace of life. Men were taken out of their homes and brought inside factory. Likewise, society revolved around opening hours, as everything was schedule by it. From class hours in working schools to the exact duration of every repetitive task, just as the Fordist model dictates. However, the third industrial revolution introduced technology, automation and robotics, giving rise to the information society. This new configuration requires a different industrial model – the Toyota production system, which is founded on a more collaborative labor structure. In addition to communication technology and informatics, workers are now allowed to a decentralized less hierarchical model. Consequently, whilst traditional contractual molds required the physical presence of workers inside the factory, it is now possible to admit remote working. The incipient fourth industrial revolution combines digital, physical and biological technology, increasing the stride of our livelihood. As a result, our society has become a full time connected network, from which is difficult to unplug. As well, the exposition on social network and other forms of virtual communication has generated conflicts on work relations, mostly when there is abuse of rights of one the parts. It is right that should serve humankind. Observing this premise, this work has scope to take advantage of the best of innovations for the benefit of man, aiming the setting of fundamental rights and extension of very personal rights, as the approach with the family nucleus, conforming rights when these are in collision / As primeiras revoluções industriais tiraram o homem de suas casas, e o levaram para dentro da fábrica, que passou a ditar o ritmo de vida. A sociedade girava em conformidade com o relógio da fábrica, e tudo funcionava de forma demarcada, desde os horários da escola que preparava mão de obra para a fábrica, até o tempo certo para realização de cada enfadonho e repetitivo movimento na produção sob a ótica Fordista. Ocorre que a Terceira Revolução Industrial introduziu a informática, a automação e a robótica dando origem à construção da sociedade da informação. Junto com ela, o fordismo perde espaço para o Toyotismo, tornando o trabalhador mais participativo. Ao final da Terceira Revolução Industrial, com as novas tecnologias, aperfeiçoa-se um novo modelo de trabalhador onde a hierarquia é mitigada, gerando maior autonomia na execução da atividade. Tal fato combinado com as tecnologias da comunicação e informática permitem a realização do trabalho descentralizado. Com efeito, enquanto os moldes contratuais tradicionais exigiam a presença física do empregado à sede da empresa, a tecnologia permite que o trabalho seja realizado à distância, trazendo benefícios aos empregados, empregadores e à sociedade. A incipente Quarta Revolução Industrial combina tecnologias digital, física e biológica, acelerando ainda mais a sociedade da informação, mudando o modo de viver, trabalhar e se relacionar. A sociedade funciona em rede, conectada full time, o que já impede o pleno desligamento do trabalho, prejudicando o direito ao lazer e descanso. Também as exposições nas redes sociais e outras formas de comunicação virtual têm gerado conflitos nas relações de trabalho, mormente quando há abuso de direito de uma das partes. É certo que a tecnologia deve servir ao homem. Observada tal premissa, este trabalho tem por escopo aproveitar o melhor das inovações em prol do homem, visando a concretização de direitos fundamentais e ampliação de direitos personalíssimos, como a aproximação com o núcleo familiar, conformando direitos quando em colisão

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-26T12:27:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Antonio Faraone Dutra.pdf: 861715 bytes, checksum: f3e8ef673326e9a5dedcccd13758c1a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-26T12:27:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Antonio Faraone Dutra.pdf: 861715 bytes, checksum: f3e8ef673326e9a5dedcccd13758c1a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-16 / Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUCSP / The similarity of John writings and the gnostics is still a lasting subject nowadays. All discoveries that attempt to clear things up get people’s attention. The discoveries of Nag Hammadi writings, whose some texts are gnostics, points at an Alexandrian II century AD Gnosticism that suffered from various influences, mostly Johannine. The exploration of such environment allow us not only to notice John richness, but also his diffusion in religious environments. Some of the writings of Nag Hammadi, as Trimorfaic Protenor, John Apocryphal and Gospel of Truth, have vocabularies and thematic affinities with the Fourth Gospel, especially with the Prologue. Through the similarity with the quoted texts, the question arises whether the texts of Alexandrian II century AD were used from John prologue to his composition. The hypothesis is that somehow the Gnostics had contact with the Johannine prologue and used their concepts to base their teachings. In order to answer this question, this work has bibliographic character, using the literature concerning the prologue of the Fourth Gospel and the analysis of the quoted texts and the prologue, from the tradition and the contemporary exegesis / A semelhança entre os escritos de João e os gnósticos é um assunto que continua em pauta atualmente. As descobertas que são feitas, em uma tentativa de lançar luz sobre o tema, chamam a atenção de todos. As descobertas dos escritos de Nag Hammadi, que possui alguns textos de autoria gnóstica, apontam para um gnosticismo alexandrino do século II d.C. que sofreu várias influências, mas principalmente a joanina. Explorar esse ambiente permite contemplar não apenas a riqueza de João como também sua difusão em ambientes religiosos. Alguns escritos de Nag Hammadi, como Protenoia Trimorfa, Apócrifo de João e Evangelho da Verdade, possuem afinidades vocabulares e temáticas com o Quarto Evangelho, sobretudo com o Prólogo. Através da semelhança com os textos citados, surge a pergunta se os textos do gnosticismo alexandrino do século II d.C. teriam se utilizado do Prólogo de João para sua composição. A hipótese é que de alguma forma os gnósticos tiveram contato com o Prólogo joanino e utilizaram seus conceitos para embasar seus ensinamentos. A fim de responder a tal questão este trabalho possui caráter bibliográfico, utilizando-se da literatura a respeito do Prólogo do Quarto Evangelho e da análise dos textos citados e do Prólogo, a partir da Tradição e da exegese contemporânea

Abstract Purpose- Industry 4.0 as a concept has created a wave of innovation in the manufacturing sector. In Sweden, the goal for the Swedish manufacturing SMEs is to be leaders in digitalization and stay competitive. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to understand the impacts of Industry 4.0 on Swedish manufacturing SMEs. Method- The method used in this research is a multiple case study consisting of three manufacturing SMEs in Sweden. A literature review was conducted in a systematic way to give a background of Industry 4.0 and its technologies. The literature review provided the theoretical base and knowledge about the phenomena which led to preparation of interview guide used for data collection. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. Thereafter, the findings were analyzed within case, cross-case and compared with literature. Findings- To analyze the impacts of Industry 4.0 on the manufacturing SMEs, the author developed a framework which included the ten main Industry 4.0 technologies, Porter ́s generic value chain model and industrial performance indicators. During the analysis, it was found that all the companies were users of Industry 4.0; however, they were using mostly robots as the main technologies besides one company using cloud-platform technology. All the companies had impacts on their value chains operation activity. All five performance indicators flexibility, costs, productivity, quality and lead times were found to impact on Swedish manufacturing SMEs. The findings support the same indicators as found in literature. Furthermore, all three case companies confirmed that they have higher profits which shows that the implementation of Industry 4.0 not only improves industrial performance indicators but also can lead to increase in financial performance. Implications- This thesis contributed to both theory and provides suggestions to managers with primary contribution being the framework which itself is a contribution to the theory. The framework can be used both by researchers and managers. Furthermore, the theory provided in the literature review of impacts of different technologies on the value chain can guide the managers to understand which of the technologies are useful in corresponding activities of value chain. The suggestions provided by industry peers are also a major advantage for the managers to prepare their companies for Industry 4.0. Limitations- The research focused only on manufacturing SMEs in Sweden and from industry perspective, only SMEs manufacturing goods were included and not services. Within the case companies, all ten identified Industry 4.0 technologies were not found to be implemented in SMEs, therefore; the analysis and answers to research questions were based on the technologies found. Moreover, there was a constraint of time and resources which led to a small sample of three manufacturing industries. Keywords: Industry 4.0, The fourth Industrial Revolution, Industrie 4.0, Digitization, Value chain, Supply Chain, Manufacturing, SME, Impacts, Barriers

本論文計分六章，各章章旨及其內容如下： 　　第一章為「緒論」。內容包括：「研究動機與目的」、「研究現況檢討」、「研究方法與取材」及「研究侷限與發現」。本章旨在敘述研究背景，藉由研究現況的檢討，掌握值得開發的研究空間與契機，並進一步揭示論文研究的心得。 　　第二章為「許地山的生平與思想」。探討主題包括：「戰爭對其人格特質、生命情調的啟發」、「家庭對其人道關懷、人生哲學的造就」、「治學對其知識結構、人文素養的塑成」及「時勢對其文化態度、文化參與的影響」。本章旨在透過許地山的生平與思想的交叉論述，以影響研究的觀點，彰顯許地山人格與思想的成因，並透視其人富於時代意識的特色。 　　第三章為「許地山的文藝觀」。討論範圍涵蓋：「許地山的文藝創作論」、「許地山的文藝鑒賞論」和「文藝觀的淵源與特色」。本章旨在爬梳並歸納許地山的文藝思想，分別從創作論及鑒賞論兩部分，分述其具體內容，再綰合兩者，尋繹許地山文藝觀的淵源與特色。藉以掌握許地山創作傾向的理論根據，並作為進一步解讀許地山文本的準備。 　　第四章為「許地山作品的主題意蘊」。章分四節分別探討許地山文學作品所呈現的「生命觀照與人生態度的闡發」、「情愛觀與兩性觀的宣達」、「社會現實的揭露和批判」及「去國與懷鄉──臺灣風味的書寫」。本章旨在透析許地山文學作品的主題意蘊，再回扣到許地山的生平行誼與思想內涵，驗證許地山其文實為其人之全人格的表現。 　　第五章為「許地山文學的藝術表現」。就許地山文學的藝術表現，舉其凸顯的成就作一闡釋與驗證，內容包括：「許地山文學的寓言特質」、「許地山散文的賦體成分」、「許地山文學的抒情傾向」及「女性人物的理想性格與形象」。本章旨在全面掌握許地山文學的藝術特色與成就。從許地山文本的微視與剖析後，得其主要特色有三，亦即寓言特質、賦體成分與抒情傾向。再從許地山小說人物的考察，檢視其形象塑造的得失，透過歸納許地山人物性格與形象的特徵，逼顯許地山理想的人物性格及形象。 　　第六章為「結論：許地出文學的意義與定位」。本章旨在總結本論文的研究心得。於許地山其人其文有了全面而深入的了解後，將許地山的文學回置到我國文學發展的歷史中，考察許地山文學的意義與歷史定位，獲致許地山文學的兩項意義，即許地山乃現代散文的奠基者（寓言散文的先驅）、五四文壇的臺灣代言人。 《許地山文學之研究》 論 文 目 錄 第一章 緒論 第二章 許地山的生平與思想 第一節 戰爭對其人格特質、生命情調的啟發 第二節 家庭對其人道關懷、人生哲學的造就 第三節 治學對其知識結構、人文素養的塑成 第四節 時勢對其文化態度、文化參與的影響 結 語 第三章 許地山的文藝觀 第一節 許地山的文藝創作論 第二節 許地山的文藝鑒賞論 第三節 文藝觀的淵源與特色 結 語 第四章 許地山文學的主題意蘊 第一節 生命觀照與人生態度的闡發 第二節 情愛觀與兩性觀的宣達 第三節 社會現實的揭露和批判 第四節 去國與懷鄉──臺灣風味的書寫 結 語 第五章 許地山文學的藝術表現 第一節 許地山文學的寓言特質 第二節 許地山散文的賦體成分 第三節 許地山文學的抒情傾向 第四節 女性人物的理想性格與形象 結 語 第六章 結論：許地山文學的意義與定位 參考書目 附錄：許地山生平暨作品繫年 國立政治大學中國文學系碩士論文 指導教授：簡宗梧博士

五四時期，在改造社會背景下蓬勃開展的婦女解放運動，鼓舞了知識女性們擺脫舊社會的束縛，迎向新時代開放的潮流。然而，崛起於現代文壇的這第一代女作家，卻較少受到研究者的關注。本研究是以陳衡哲、冰心、廬隱、馮沅君、凌叔華、石評梅六位已為當時人知悉的、也較具代表性的女性小說作家們，在五四時期的小說作品為取材範圍，而論題所謂「女性小說」乃廣義的說法，是指女作家創作的一切小說，而非專指女作家之反映女性生活，或表現女性意識的小說作品。研究上是針對作家與作品，在作家研究上，除了從時代變遷、社會影響來探討五四時期女作家養成的社會背景與刺激創作的動因外，也從作家個人之家庭環境、學習經歷與人世遭遇來探索她們的人格特質與創作之間的關係。在作品研究方面，是以小說的思想內容與藝術形式為分析對象，在思想內容上是探討女性小說中所呈現的三大主題︰社會關懷、婚戀主題與人生意義的追求；在藝術形式上，首先是研究五四小說中大量出現的背離傳統情節中心而改以人物性格作中心的小說之敘事結構與觀點，再來是專節分析女作家中最具藝術技巧的凌叔華小說。