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Traditionally, squaring the circle has been about bringing the incommensurable work of the gods within the realm of the commensurate by using infinite cosmic principles to regulate the finite world. The American architect Claude Bragdon (1866-1946) squared the circle using his Theosophic architectural theory that was based on a neo-Pythagorean emphasis on Number, which he believed to have contained the secret of the universe. America at the turn of the 20th century was interested in Eastern spirituality at the beginning of an age of scientific relativity when the world and universe were being questioned due to new scientific discoveries based on higher-dimensional mathematical speculations that challenged relationships between humankind and the cosmos. Paralleling this scientific search was the Western conquest of the world on earth, which brought back speculations about the Near and Far East, including translations of their ancient scriptures and encyclopedias of their architecture. The fourth dimension was an imaginary mathematical (re)creation of great interest to Bragdon and common to scientific relativity and Eastern spirituality; two cultural constructs that altered the perception of time and space to affect the American imagination and architectural production. Within this context, Squaring the Circle investigates the relationship of theory to practice by considering Bragdon's architecture as the material manifestation of his Theosophic architectural theory. / Ph. D.

Verklighet och fiktion betraktas ofta som varandras motpoler, det verkliga i kontrast till det påhittade. När någon bryter dessa konventioner skapas reaktioner. Den här studien utforskar det filmtekniska greppet direkt tilltal, fenomenet som implicerar att ‘bryta den fjärde väggen’. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur direkt tilltal används i TV-serien Fleabag (BBC, 2016) och hur det fungerar som retoriskt verktyg inom ett narrativ. Genom en kvalitativ metod kommer första tillfället av direkt tilltal, samt sista användningen av fenomenet, analyseras utifrån ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av visuell retorik: actio retorik, parasociala relationer och teorier kring direkt tilltal. Genom multimodala transkriberingar av vardera scen och respektive retorisk analys resulterar studien i att karaktärens direkta tilltal går att tolkas som retoriska verktyg. Genom actiotillgångar och kvaliteter, samt ethos och pathos, bygger Fleabag upp en autentisk attityd och vinner över åskådaren genom intimitet.

Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, трех частей, заключения, библиографического списка, приложения. В теоретической части представлены основные понятия, цели, задачи, функции, методы и принципы системы обучения персонала, а также рассмотрена система обучения персонала в условиях четвертой промышленной революции. В практической части описывается деятельность организации, количественная и качественная характеристика персонала, а также анализ системы обучения персонала и даны предложения по усовершенствованию системы обучения персонала на АО «ПО «УОМЗ» с учетом четвертой промышленной революции. В заключении сделан вывод в соответствии с поставленными задачами. / The final qualifying work consists of an introduction, three parts, a conclusion, a bibliography, and an appendix. The theoretical part presents the basic concepts, goals, objectives, functions, methods and principles of the personnel training system, and also examines the personnel training system in the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution. The practical part describes the activities of the organization, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of personnel, as well as an analysis of the personnel training system and provides proposals for improving the personnel training system at JSC PA UOMP, taking into account the fourth industrial revolution. In conclusion, a conclusion is drawn in accordance with the objectives.

為了避免代議民主所產生的政治疏離感，加強公民間的聯繫以及政治參與，審議式民主近年來受到相當廣泛的討論。審議式民主的核心概念乃是透過人民深思熟慮的審議，以理性溝通、公開論理的方式，在決策過程中充分表現公民的多元觀點，獲得更高的民主正當性。審議式民主政治中，為了能透過開放的討論過程，達成公共審議的目標，公民勢必需要瞭解公共議題的各種不同多元觀點，而這恐怕並非目前商業化競爭機制中的媒體所能提供的。欲解決民主政治與媒體商業競爭所造成的惡性循環，本文乃提出審議式民主與大眾傳播媒體互相配合的論點，政治改革與媒體改革同時進行，一方面透過政治參與以凝聚公民意識，並改善媒體市場競爭亂象，如此方可能有效的打破媒體與政治的惡性循環，為民主生活的實踐帶來新契機。

As the cities are becoming more crowded, the urban distribution has become a major logistical challenge. Some commonproblems in the inner cities arelimited accessibility and idling. Many of Sweden's municipalities are above the limit values for PM10limit set by the EU.Sundsvall is one of these municipalities and has the vision to create a sustainable city and region. Sundsvall LogistikparkAB is part of an EU project, SMARTSET, which is collaborationbetween several cities in Europe. SMARTSETSundsvall is about to develop a market-based sustainable model for city logistics. Itsobjective has been to compare and assess the potential of two business models forcoordinated goods distribution, with a micro terminal, in to Sundsvall Stenstad,with the current status. To achieve the purpose of the survey is the mapping of the current situation made with the help of interviews with shippers and identification of criteria for a multi-criteria analysis. In the result, the interviews compiled and formed the basis of the data used in the MCA. To get the values of the different criteria, the calculations are made and then the dependency between the different criteria illustrated in the scatter plots. It has been found that business model 1 and 2 is better than the current statusofthe majority of the criteria. The study's main purpose has been fulfilled when the MCA has shown that both the business modelsare profitable for shippers and reduces emissions in Sundsvall. The study has also shown that there are more factors than just the profitability and environmental impacts that affect an imple-mentation of any of these business models. To further develop this survey is required that more shippers interviewed and that the stores specifications are compiled. To get a project with a longer lifethan the contribution period required financing method identified. / I och med att städerna blir allt mer befolkade har stadsdistributionen blivit en stor logistisk utmaning. Några vanliga problem i innerstäderna är begränsad framkomlighet och tomgångskörning. Många av Sveriges kommuner ligger överde gränsvärden för PM10som bestämts av EU. Sundsvall är en av dessa kommuner och har som vision att skapa en hållbar stad och region. Sundsvall Logiskpark AB ingår i ett EU-projekt, SMARTSET, som är ett samarbete mellan flera städer i Europa. SMARTSET Sundsvall handlar om att fram en marknadsmässigt hållbar modell för citylogistik. Undersökningens syfte äratt jämförasamt bedöma potentialen hostvå logistikmodellerför samordnad varudistribution,med en mikroterminal,in till Sundsvalls Stenstadmed nuläget.För att uppnå undersökningens syfte har kartläggning av nuläget gjorts med hjälp av interjuver med speditörer samt identifiering av kriterier för en multikriterieanalys. I resultatet har intervjuerna sammanställts och legat till grund för dedata som har använts i multikriterieanalysen. För att få värden på de olika kriterierna har beräkningar gjorts och sedan har beroendet mellan de olika kriterierna illustrerats i scatter plots. Det har visat sig att logistikmodell1 och 2 är bättre än nuläget på majoriteten av kriterierna.Undersökningens huvudsakliga syfte har uppfyllts då multikriterieanalysen harvisat att båda logistikmodellernaär lönsam för speditörerna samt minskar utsläppen i Sundsvall. Undersökningen har också visat att det är fler faktorer än bara lönsamhet och miljöpåverkan som påverkar en implementation av någon av dessa logistikmodeller.För att vidareutveckla denna undersökning krävs det att fler speditörer intervjuas samt att butikernas kravspecifikation sammanställs. För att få ett projekt med längre livslängd än bidragsperioden behövs finansieringssätt identifieras.

À l’aube du XXe siècle, en Chine, un groupe d’intellectuels et d’auteurs se retrouve à la source d’un nouveau mouvement culturel et politique. Les sinologues les appellent les « auteurs du 4-Mai ». Ils ont pour objectif de transformer la Chine, de mettre en place une forme de modernité à l’aide de la littérature. Du rejet de la tradition confucéenne jusqu’à la diffusion des idées du communisme, ils semblent être au cœur de toutes les transformations socio-politiques qu’a connues le pays. L’époque du 4-Mai est un moment charnière dans l’histoire de la Chine. Située juste après la chute du dernier empereur Qing et juste avant la victoire du Parti Communiste Chinois, c’est une époque où la société chinoise a connu une réorganisation. Les intellectuels de cette époque ne font pas exception, une nouvelle configuration se met en place. C’est à l’aide de la sociologie de Norbert Elias que je tenterai de comprendre quelle est la configuration qui permet le développement conjoint, dans une relation d’interdépendance, de la littérature et de la politique. Une nouvelle configuration qui se construit avec les intellectuels du 4-Mai, est différente de celle que formaient les mandarins confucéens de l’époque impériale. Les divers éléments qui permettent aux auteurs du 4-Mai de passer d’une configuration à l’autre (nouveaux thèmes dans la littérature, façons d’être moderne, engagement politique) sont aussi les éléments qui influencent le monde politique, démontrant l’interdépendance des deux sphères. / At the dawn of the twentieth century, in China, a group of intellectuals and writers find themselves at the beginning of a new cultural and politic movement. Sinologists call them the “May-Fourth writers”. They have for goal to transform China, implement a form of modernity in using literature. From the rejection of Confucian tradition to the promotion of the Communist ideas, they seem to be in the middle of every social and political transformation that the country has experienced. The May Fourth era is a turning point in the history of China. It begins just after the fall of the last Qing emperor and ends just before the victory of the Chinese Communist Party, it is a time where the Chinese society was reorganized. The intellectuals were no exception, a new configuration is under construction. It is with the sociology of Norbert Elias that I will try to understand which configuration allow the development of both literature and politics in an interdependent relationship. The new configuration that characterizes the May Fourth writers is different than the one that characterize the Confucian mandarins of the Imperial age. The various elements who allow the May Fourth writers to pass to a configuration to another (new themes in literature, a way to be modern, political commitment) are also the elements that influence the political world, showing the interdependence between them.

Ce mémoire porte sur le traité de Venise de 1201, passé entre les barons de la Quatrième Croisade et la république de Venise, pour l’affrètement d’une flotte incluant transport et vivres. L’étude du Traité est d’autant plus importante que, les croisés manquant à leurs obligations, cet accord eut un impact déterminant sur la suite de la Croisade, se plaçant ainsi au cœur de sa déviation vers Constantinople. Le mémoire analyse d’abord la nature et l’ampleur des engagements pris par Venise, en essayant de quantifier et de mesurer en termes économiques le nombre de bateaux et de croisés transportés, ainsi que le poids et le coût des provisions pour hommes et chevaux. Cette analyse, basée sur la comparaison avec des contrats analogues, prouve que la somme de 85 000 marcs d’argent convenue avec les barons n’était en rien exagérée. Parallèlement, le mémoire évalue ce que pouvait signifier, dans le contexte économique de l’époque, une telle somme, et tente d’identifier les raisons pour lesquelles les croisés furent dans l’impossibilité d’honorer leur part du contrat. Cette analyse montre que, contrairement à une certaine historiographie traditionnelle, il serait faux d’imputer aux Vénitiens la responsabilité du détournement de la Croisade ou de les taxer d’intransigeance, de cupidité, voire de duplicité. L’effort fourni par la République indique qu’elle mit tout en œuvre pour que l’entreprise fût une réussite. L’interruption du commerce, la construction de nombreux navires, la réquisition de milliers de marins pour manœuvrer la flotte et la logistique pour approvisionner des dizaines de milliers d’hommes témoignent toutes de l’ampleur de l’implication vénitienne. C’est le défaut de paiement des croisés, qui força le doge Henri Dandolo à se commettre plus avant encore, joignant irrémédiablement la fortune de la ville marchande à celle de l’expédition. / This master’s thesis is about the Treaty of Venice, made in 1201 between the Fourth Crusade’s barons and the Republic of Venice, regarding the transportation and provisioning of a fleet bound for the Levant. The importance of this study stems from the Crusaders’ default on their obligation, which had a decisive impact on the course of events, thus placing it at the heart of the Crusade’s deviation to Constantinople. First, this study analyses the nature and scale of Venice’s undertaking, attempting to quantify and measure in economic terms the number of ships and passengers onboard, as well as the supplies’ weight and cost, for both men and horses. This analysis, based on analoguous contracts, proves the agreed sum of 85 000 silver marks was in no way exaggerated. Also, the analysis weighs the importance of such a sum in the economic context of the times, and tries to identify the reasons of the crusaders’ shortcomings. Despite a certain traditional historiography, this analysis demonstrates that Venice cannot bear the brunt of the responsibility for the Crusade’s deviation, and that blaming their uncompromisingness, their greed, or even their duplicity, is wrong. The sheer effort provided by the Republic, indicates it took every measure to warrant the venture’s success. The interruption of far-away trade, the construction of numerous ships, the requisition of thousands of sailors to man them, and the logistics needed to supply tens of thousands, display well the Venetians’ dedication. It is the crusaders’ failure to pay which triggered doge Enrico Dandolo to commit further, thus irremediably joining his city’s fortunes to those of the expedition.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect that socio-economic status has upon the intelligence and achievement of 120 fourth-grade pupils. Ninety of the fourth-grade pupils were enrolled in the Denison Elementary Schools, Denison, Texas, and thirty of the fourth-grade pupils were enrolled in an independent school, one mile outside the Denison city limits.

This study examined the effects of specially designed thinking journal activities that have been attributed with encouraging reflective thinking, on instruction using generic, or content-free problem solving software. Sixty-three fourth grade students participated in four instructional sessions using a software package called Moptown Hotel. Students completed separate posttests that measured (1) performance on problems of the same kind as those used in instruction, and (2) transfer of skills to other kinds of problems. Scores of students who wrote thinking journals prior to testing were compared with scores of students who did not. Results indicate that students who wrote thinking journals performed the same as students who did not when tested on problems similar to those practiced in class. Tests in which students transferred their skills to word problems, however, produced significant differences. There was no significant difference between scores when averaged over all four weekly occasions. However, for the final session alone, students who wrote thinking journals scored higher on tests of problem solving transfer than students who did not (p < .01). The study also examined the relationship between the degree of metacognitive thought displayed in students' journal entries, and their measured problem solving ability. Results indicate that students who had higher average reflectivity scores also had higher average problem solving performance and transfer scores (p < .05). It was also noted that the significant relationship between reflectivity and scores of problem solving ability was only observed in male students. It was concluded that under the right conditions, and for the right kinds of problems, thinking journal writing can help students understand their own thinking processes, resulting in improved problem solving behavior. The study also raises the question of whether there are differences between the ways that male and female students apply metacognitive awareness gained through journal writing experiences.