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Francis Schaeffer presented a Christian world and life-view encompassing the totality of reality as an alternative to a fragmented view of reality. Refinements of dualism are examined from within a theological context giving substance to his understanding of modern world and life-view trends. Dualisms may be traced from the dawn of history of religion. It was Thomas Aquinas who profoundly influenced Western thought into a secular compartment through a synthesis of Christian dogma with Aristotelian presuppositions. The reign of the sacred diminished and a predominantly secular pathway may be traced through disciplines such as philosophy, arts, science and theology. This dissertation suggests that a dualistic analysis of reality is limited in its application. A model is suggested which traces all of reality to its ultimate source, God. The Fall brought about a dialectic which is found within the totality of a Christian world and life-view. / Philosophy, Practical & Sytematic Theology / M. Th. (Systematic Theology.

L’intégration des énergies renouvelables sur le réseau électrique entraîne de nouveaux besoins chez les exploitants de centrales hydroélectriques. Ainsi, les fabricants de turbines hydrauliques doivent garantir des plages de fonctionnement de plus en plus étendues, afin d’assurer une plus grande flexibilité d’utilisation des machines. Pour les turbines Francis, un fonctionnement en-dehors des conditions nominales implique potentiellement une augmentation des sollicitations mécaniques, notamment à faible débit (charge partielle). Cette hausse est due à l’apparition de phénomènes hydrauliques dans l’écoulement, dont notamment les vortex inter-aubes. Pour garantir des plages de fonctionnement étendues à leurs clients, les fabricants se doivent de maîtriser l’impact de telles conditions d’opération sur la durée de vie de leurs machines. Il est donc nécessaire de mieux comprendre l’écoulement complexe dans la turbine et son impact mécanique à charge partielle. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse a une double approche expérimentale et numérique. L’analyse se base sur des mesures et des observations réalisées lors d’essais sur modèles réduits. Elles ont permis de corréler les phénomènes hydrauliques observés et l’évolution des fluctuations de pression et des déformations dynamiques mesurées, pour différents points de fonctionnement. Ces résultats ont notamment été utilisés pour estimer le phénomène de fatigue lors du fonctionnement continu d’une turbine à très faible charge. La simulation numérique des fluides (CFD) a également été utilisée pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans la formation des vortex inter-aubes, et pour prédire le chargement dynamique qui s’exerce sur la roue à charge partielle. La validation des résultats numériques est basée sur la comparaison avec les données expérimentales issues des précédents essais sur modèles réduits. / The integration of renewable energies into the electricity grid brings new needs for hydro power plant operators in terms of how they are operated. Consequently, hydraulic turbine manufacturers are required to extend their machine’s operating range in order to increase their flexibility. In the case of Francis turbines, dynamic stresses could increase in off-design conditions due to several hydraulic phenomena that appear in the flow, especially at partial load. One of them is the development of inter-blade vortices in the runner. In order to guarantee an extended operating range manufacturers have to control the impact of such operating conditions on their turbines lifetime. Therefore, a better understanding of complex partial load flows and their mechanical impact on the turbines is needed. In this context, this thesis uses both experimental and numerical approaches. Reduced scale model turbines were tested in order to correlate hydraulic phenomena observed in the flow and the evolution of pressure and strain fluctuations for different operating points. The results were then used to estimate the turbine fatigue in partial load conditions. Computational Fluid Dynamics was also used to better understand the formation of inter-blade vortices and to predict the dynamic loading on the runner at partial load. These numerical results were validated by comparison with the experimental data from the previous test rig measurements and observation campaigns.

Francis Schaeffer presented a Christian world and life-view encompassing the totality of reality as an alternative to a fragmented view of reality. Refinements of dualism are examined from within a theological context giving substance to his understanding of modern world and life-view trends. Dualisms may be traced from the dawn of history of religion. It was Thomas Aquinas who profoundly influenced Western thought into a secular compartment through a synthesis of Christian dogma with Aristotelian presuppositions. The reign of the sacred diminished and a predominantly secular pathway may be traced through disciplines such as philosophy, arts, science and theology. This dissertation suggests that a dualistic analysis of reality is limited in its application. A model is suggested which traces all of reality to its ultimate source, God. The Fall brought about a dialectic which is found within the totality of a Christian world and life-view. / Philosophy, Practical and Sytematic Theology / M. Th. (Systematic Theology.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robert _15.pdf: 1325624 bytes, checksum: 903eeaac6d6f23b68c6317f6fe8b55ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / En la contemporaneidad, las relaciones interpersonales vienen ocurriendo de forma más ordinaria, originando crisis de identidad, dislocamientos y fragmentaciones en los seres humanos. Esos, por su vez, hacen parte de una cadena de reacciones que inscribe preceptos históricos a la vivencia cotidiana, mientras reflejan sobre la globalización y lo que la intensa maquinización y virtualización del hombre han provocado en el individuo. El encuentro entre seres social, religiosa, lingüística, étnica e históricamente distintos provoca rupturas y grandes esquemas de reconocimiento de la existencia de seres que una vez fueran considerados inexistentes o fueran rechazados por las diferencias. De esa forma, los estudios acerca de la alteridad ganaran aliento en la contemporaneidad y se convierten en pauta, también para los estudios literarios, porque reflejan con el choque entre sistemas ideológicos. Para la América, tal tipo de temática se muestra pertinente a partir del momento en que se evalúa que el continente, como un todo, desde el período colonial, lidia con embates, aproximaciones y distanciamientos entre sujetos. El reconocimiento de la existencia del Otro se hace relevante en América, una vez que es a partir de ello que es posible discutir nociones de aceptación. La intensa hibridación y el mestizaje, cultural y poblacional, aliados a los procesos aún existentes de migración, inmigración y emigración, ayudan para que las sociedades aquí construidas sean espacios propicios al estudio de la representación del Otro y de la alteridad. Comprender quién es el otro y en qué él puede ayudar en la integración del continente, en gran escala, y en las propias comunidades, en menor grado, es facilitar el proceso de entendimiento del pasado histórico, de modo a promover interacciones saludables y críticas entre personas en la actualidad. En este sentido, la figura seleccionada como el eje principal de esta investigación para estudiar la alteridad es la del extranjero, que, por definición, presupone alguien aparte, marginado. Tres cuentos fueran seleccionados para que se perciba si existe alteridad en relación al otro: The Foreigner , del estadounidense Francis Steegmuller (1935); O cavalo que bebia cerveja , del brasileño Guimarães Rosa (1962); y El extranjero , de la argentina María Rosa Lojo (2001). A partir de los preceptos de la literatura comparada, aliados a las contribuciones de estudiosos como los de Simmel (1971), Lévinas (1980), Todorov (1983) y Kristeva (1994), entre otros, discutimos como el continente refleja, en la literatura, sus encuentros culturales entre extranjeros y nativos. / Na contemporaneidade, as relações interpessoais vêm, gradativamente, ocorrendo de forma mais corriqueira, originando crises identitárias, deslocamentos e fragmentações nos seres humanos. Esses, por sua vez, fazem parte de uma cadeia de reações que associa preceitos históricos à vivência cotidiana, ao mesmo tempo em que refletem sobre a globalização e o que a intensa maquinização e virtualização provocaram no indivíduo. O encontro entre seres social, religiosa, linguística, étnica e historicamente distintos provoca rupturas e grandes esquemas de reconhecimento da existência de humanos que outrora eram considerados inexistentes ou eram rechaçados pelas diferenças. Nesse sentido, pesquisas acerca da outremização ganharam fôlego na contemporaneidade e tornaram-se pauta, também, para os estudos literários, pelo fato de lidarem com o choque entre sistemas ideológicos. Para a América, tal tipo de temática mostra-se pertinente a partir do momento em que se avalia que o continente, como um todo, desde o período colonial, lida com batalhas, aproximações e distanciamentos entre sujeitos. O reconhecimento da existência do Outro se faz relevante na América, uma vez que é a partir dele que é possível discutir-se noções de aceitação. A intensa hibridez e miscigenação, cultural e étnica, aliadas aos percursos existentes de migração, imigração e emigração, auxiliam as sociedades aqui constituídas a serem espaços propícios à investigação sobre as representações do Outro e da alteridade. Entender quem o outrem é e no que ele pode ajudar na integração do continente, em larga escala, e das comunidades, em menor grau, é facilitar o processo de entendimento do passado histórico de maneira a promover interações sadias e críticas entre pessoas hoje em dia. Nesse sentido, a figura escolhida como eixo principal dessa pesquisa para o estudo da outremização é a do estrangeiro, que, por definição, pressupõe alguém à parte, um pária. Três contos foram escolhidos para que se perceba se há alteridade em relação ao outro: The foreigner , do estadunidense Francis Steegmuller (1935); O cavalo que bebia cerveja , do brasileiro Guimarães Rosa (1962); e El extranjero , da argentina María Rosa Lojo (2001). A partir dos preceitos da literatura comparada, aliados às contribuições de estudiosos como Simmel (1971), Lévinas (1980), Todorov (1983) e Kristeva (1994), entre outros, discutimos como a América reflete, nas suas literaturas, seus encontros culturais entre alóctones e nativos

The inquiry of this essay is to examine the expression of evil in fantasy literature with a special focus on J.K. Rowlings’ Harry Potter and The Philosopher’s stone and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, but also C.S. Lewis’ Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, and Narnia the Last Battle. The purpose is to illuminate different depictions of evil in the books and reflect what these depictions can tell us about evil in our contemporary context. With this essay I want to show how world views are present in fantasy literature with a special focus on the portrayal of evil and its significance for the understanding of the narrative. I mean that the understanding and depiction of evil is a universal problem and an existential issue of relevance to world views.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The history of Western civilisation is generally demarcated into three broad epochs: ancient, Christian and modern. These eras are usually defined in political terms, but they may also be differentiated in terms of fundamental differences in the nature of the organisations that constitute civil society in each age, how they defined the public good, and even what they consider philanthropic. In the nineteenth century, for instance, 'Scientific philanthropy' displaced 'Christian charity' as the dominant model for charitable giving; a development accompanied by a number of other secularising trends in Western civil society, generally understood as a broad cultural shift in conceptions of public good, from religious to scientific. From the fourth to the sixth century CE, by comparison, another broad cultural shift, from paganism to Christianity, also led to fundamental changes in the nature and composition of ancient civil society. A central premise of this dissertation is that fundamental historical transformations in Western civilisation – from pagan to Christian, to modern, to post-modern – may be traced to the influence of some of the most important philosophers in the Western philosophical tradition, among them: Protagoras, Socrates, Plato, Francis Bacon and Friedrich Nietzsche. Each of these philosophers may be seen to have promulgated their teachings in a consciously Promethean manner; as gifts of fire, understood as philosophical teachings intended to be promulgated for the wider benefit of humankind. In Greek myth, Prometheus, whose name is traditionally thought to have literally meant 'forethought', is the one who steals fire from the gods and gives it to humans. Prometheus is also the first figure in history to be described as "philanthropic" (Prometheus Bound, 11 & 28). Plato, Bacon and Nietzsche all employ significant variants of the Promethean mũthos in their philosophical works, and may be seen to personally identify with the figure of Prometheus, as an allegorical figure depicting the situation of the wise, particularly in relation to political power. This dissertation thus closely analyses the Promethean mũthos in order to cast light on the philosophical philanthrôpía and Promethean ambitions of Protagoras, Socrates and Plato, and to provide the basis for consideration of the same in Bacon and Nietzsche.

Es zeichnet sich seit den 1990er-Jahren die Tendenz ab, dass sich viele Künstler/innen verstärkt mit Subjekten statt mit Objekten beschäftigen. Hinzu kommt eine zunehmende „Kollektivierung und Theatralisierung der einst auf Singularität und Präsenz setzenden Performance“. In diesem Zusammenhang sind auch immer mehr künstlerische Arbeiten zu registrieren, die mit Prozessionen und Paraden eine Vielzahl von Menschen auf die Straße bringen und in Bewegung versetzen. Dies spiegelt sich auch in einer immer größer werdenden Zahl thematischer Ausstellungen wider, die sich diesen Arbeiten widmen. Bereits 2004 konstatierte Pablo Lafuente in seinem Essay „Art on Parade“ in Art Monthly: „That ability of the parade to create subjectivity is where the artist’s political aspiration lies.“ Die künstlerisch-ästhetischen Praktiken von Francis Alÿs, Matthew Barney, Mierle Laderman Ukeles und Jeremy Deller, die Gegenstand der vorliegenden Untersuchung sind, könnten unterschiedlicher nicht sein. Ihre Gemeinsamkeit liegt in der performativen Verwendung eines sehr alten traditionellen Handlungsmusters, das den meisten Menschen vertraut ist. Die Prozession ist eine ritualisierte Handlung, die in unseren Breiten zuallererst mit der christlichen beziehungsweise der katholischen Liturgie in Zusammenhang gebracht wird. Die Grundbedeutung des Begriffs (von lat. processio = Zug, Geleit) als ein zielgerichtetes, geordnetes, gemeinsames Gehen, das den Raum gliedert und ihm dabei Bedeutung verleiht, umfasst jedoch den kultischen ebenso wie den profanen Umzug. So begegnen uns Prozessionen in vielen Bereichen des kulturellen Lebens. Dementsprechend beschäftigt sich diese Dissertation mit Prozessionen, Paraden und Karnevalsumzügen, deren Grundmotiv das gemeinsame, öffentliche, oftmals um einen Gegenstand herum organisierte Gehen, also die Prozession in ihrem allgemeinen Sinne ist. / Ever since the 90s, the tendency of many artists increasingly dealing with subjects instead of objects has become apparent. In this context, more and more artistic works that take a multitude of people to the streets or set them in motion as part of a procession or parade can be registered. This is also reflected in a growing number of themed exhibitions exploring these works. The artistic-aesthetic practice of Francis Alÿs, Matthew Barney, Mierle Laderman Ukeles and Jeremy Deller could hardly be more different. Their common ground can be found in the performative use of a very old traditional pattern of action that most people are familiar with. The procession is a ritualised act, which - in this part of the world – is first and foremost implicated in Christian respectively Catholic liturgy. The basic meaning of this term (derived from Latin processio – progression/cortege) as a purposeful, orderly, collective walk structuring and thus giving meaning to a certain space comprises, however, the sacral as well as the profane procession. This is way we can encounter processions in many parts of cultural life (and in almost every culture). This dissertation accordingly explores processions, (carnival) parades and demonstrations which all share the basic motif of a collective, public organised walk, often around an object, i.e. a procession in its general sense.

This study of thirty representative short stories from 1912-1941 demonstrates the stages of growth in Fitzgerald's writing which emerged from his own mental development, focusing upon his changing attitudes toward women as he reflects these attitudes in his depictions of the dominant female figures in the stories. The above chronology is then divided into four major blocks; in each block the dominant female illustrates Fitzgerald's concept of women at that particular stage of his life, The stories prove to be integral to the whole of Fitzgerald's writing and deserve to be judged independently of the novels. Furthermore, through an examination of Fitzgerald's short stories, the growth periods and the natural course of his changing attitudes become all the more clear and incisive.

The purpose of this study, ve to analyze the stylistic characteristics in the unaccompanied music of one twentieth century composer, Francis Poulenc, in order to discover the choral problems which would confront choruses and conductors as they performed his music. It is hoped that this study will not only enable choral conductors to better understand, interpret, and appreciate the music of Poulenc, but also will serve as a guide toward the investigation of other twentieth century composers and their works.