A proposed Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) free zone, in the eastern region of Thailand, was evaluated by FMD experts with the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) during 2012-2013. The zone, however, did not qualify for an FMD-free zone with vaccination because it did not comply with the requirements in the OIE Terrestrial Code. Then, the Department of Livestock Development (DLD) within the government of Thailand revised laws and regulations related to the FMD control program in order to be in compliance with the OIE's requirements. The revised FMD control program has been implemented since 2015. These revisions and implementations, however, have not been evaluated. The main objectives of this study were to determine whether the revised regulations (since 2015) currently being implemented are fully in compliance with the OIE's requirements, and to verify whether the implementation of the current FMD control program is sufficient to control FMD effectively. First, this study developed an evaluation framework and assessment tools for use in the evaluation of the FMD control policies and their implementation in the eastern region of Thailand. The assessment tools include assessment matrices, three sets of questionnaires, and interview questions. When applied, the assessment matrices identify shortcomings of policy design, policy implementation, veterinary capacity, and stakeholder engagement. Questionnaires and interview questions collect information that examines the consistency of elements of the FMD control program against criteria in the assessment matrix. Then, the design of current FMD control policies was assessed by interviews of DLD officers at national level who formulate policies related to FMD control program and by reviews of DLD existing written policies and documents. This study found that the design of current FMD control system is appropriate and meets the OIE's requirements. Next, the implementation of the current FMD control program in the eastern region of Thailand was assessed. The assessment was conducted by (i) questionnaire surveys with DLD officers at local level, private veterinarians, and farmers, (ii) interviews with DLD officers at national and regional level and private veterinarians, and (iii) field observations. The assessment found that the current implementation of the FMD control program in the eastern region of Thailand needs further improvement in order to meet the OIE's requirements. This study also proposes recommendations to the DLD in improving the FMD control system in the eastern region of Thailand including surveillance system, reporting system, vaccine strategy, animal movement control system, and response plans. For example, there should be an increase of stakeholders' awareness of disease reporting requirements. Evidence of adequate vaccination coverage and population immunity should be available and accessible. Allocation of staff at local level should be reconsidered for more appropriate service deliveries. Communications between DLD and stakeholders regarding the FMD control program need to be strengthened for more effective message delivery. Lastly, this study strongly recommends that there should be strong commitments and supported by the higher level of the Thai's government. / Doctor of Philosophy / Foot and Mouth Disease is a highly contagious and the most economically important infectious viral disease of livestock. The disease exists in Thailand and interrupts livestock trade through the loss of access to international markets. The Department of Livestock Development (DLD) within the government of Thailand has proposed to make the eastern region of Thailand an officially recognized FMD-free zone with vaccination in order to advance market access and trade facilitation. In order to be an official FMD-free zone, the proposed FMD-free zone (eastern region of Thailand) needs to be evaluated by experts within the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and must meet all requirements of the OIE standard for this certification. Since 2015, there has not been an evaluation to determine the effectiveness and appropriateness of the current FMD control program in the eastern region of Thailand. This study aims to evaluate the design and implementation of the current FMD control program in the eastern region of Thailand. This study, first, developed an evaluation framework and assessment tools for use in the evaluation of the FMD control policies and their implementation in the eastern region of Thailand. Then, the design of the current FMD control policies and their implementation were evaluated. The assessment found that the design of the current FMD control system is appropriate and meets the OIE's requirements. However, the current implementation of the FMD control program needs further improvement. This study also proposes recommendations to the DLD in order to enhance and improve the FMD control system in the eastern region of Thailand to be recognized as an FMD-free zone by the OIE.

The purpose of this essay was to explore how library staff work with the creation of a teen space. We have taken into consideration teen’s spatial needs and how the library staff have worked to satisfy these needs, as well as how the space can be designed to minimize conflicts that can occur between different library attendees. The method that’s been used was semi-structured interviews with library staff from four different libraries who’ve worked with creating or renovating a teen space. The results show that young library patrons use the examined teen spaces both as a retreat- and interaction space. Results show that teens are in need of a free zone where they can be themselves, express their opinions, be creative and explore. To satisfy this need the library staff have worked with the room’s placement and spatial barriers, furniture and equipment. Despite this the analyzed teen spaces cannot be fully considered free zones because they are not completely free from adult supervision. At the libraries where conflict arose between teens and other visitors, the teen space was set apart and screened off from the rest of the library spaces. These actions demonstrate that spatial solutions are not enough to solve conflicts, but rather the staff at these libraries would have to work with their own attitude towards teens as well as with the library visitors´. Results imply that it is not impossible to create a free zone for teens and at the same time design a space that encourages low-intensity meetings. Two of the examined libraries have in fact managed to create a low-intensity meeting place on a smaller scale. Results also indicate that good human and social conditions are just as important as the teen space to make the library into a functioning meeting place. The study demonstrates that teens' participation is an important requirement in the procedures if a library is going to be successful with their renovation. Teens contribute in fact with meaningful information of how their own room should be designed.

The thesis analyzes the role of Panama in international trade. The first chapter is dedicated to basic information about Panama. It describes its history and briefly describes the specifics of Panama's market. The second chapter discusses the business environment, its general characteristics. Its main ingredient is a special tax regime, because of which Panama is considered as a tax haven. It analyzes the economic situation in Panama and it is dedicated more to two major pillars of the economy of Panama, the Panama Canal and the Colon free zone. It focuses on potential investment opportunities in Panama, which are stimulated by tax incentives. Characteristic of the social environment focuses on the facilities of Panama's population as workforce and education level in the country. It describes the evolution of culture and Panama is characterized by its cultural peculiarities of the universal cultural dimensions of Hofstede. Also describes specifics relating to business dealings and activities associated with it. The technological environment draws attention to the technological amenities of the country, the government organizations that are specialized to promote its activities in this area. The third chapter deals with foreign trade of Panama. It describes the national strategy designed for the years 2004 to 2009, government institutions supporting the Panamanian foreign trade and agreements that Panama has signed for development of foreign trade. It also discusses evolution foreign trade indicators in 2008. The last chapter focuses on trade cooperation between Panama and the Czech Republic.

Dans un contexte où l’on parlerait volontiers de « non-droit » ou de « droit invalide », où l’on serait tenté d’établir une corrélation entre secteur formel ou informel de l’économie et effectivité ou ineffectivité du droit, les modes d’intervention juridique de l’État dans les relations de travail ainsi que leurs formalisations, apparaissent sous-tendus au Togo par des réalités aussi diverses que paradoxales. L’analyse des conditions de production et de mobilisation du droit du travail permet de dégager quelques caractéristiques propres au fonctionnement de ce dernier en tant que système normatif au Togo. L’État peut sembler à la fois omniprésent et absent, puissant et impuissant. Les conditions de production du droit d’apparence hétéronome comme de celui élaboré sous contrôle étatique, conduisent à s’interroger sur la validité de certaines dispositions. Le droit positif apparaît parfois produit sans véritable attention à la question, pourtant essentielle, de l’articulation de ses sources et, quelquefois, selon des voies imprévues. Au travers du prisme particulier de l’analyse des mobilisations du droit du travail, des thématiques apparaissent récurrentes ou marginales, selon que l’on se réfère aux politiques et discours officiels ou bien à la pratique des acteurs institutionnels et sociaux. La réception du droit des relations de travail par ces derniers dépend en réalité non seulement du contexte socio-économique mais aussi des pouvoirs et situations en cause. L’interprétation juridictionnelle témoigne elle-même d’originalité quand ce n’est pas d’invention du droit. / In a context where we willingly speak of "non-law" or "invalid law", where one would be tempted to establish a correlation between formal and informal sectors of the economy and of the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the law, legal intervention methods regarding labor relations by the State and their formalizations appear underpinned by both diverse and paradoxial realities in Togo. The analysis of labor law production and mobilization conditions reveals some characteristics of its operation as a normative system in Togo. The State may seem both omnipresent and absent, powerful and powerless. Production conditions of heteronomous law or state control law, raises questions about the validity of certain provisions. Positive law apears to be sometimes produced without proper attention to the essential question regarding the articulation of its sources, and sometimes in an unexpected way. Throughout the distinctive prism of the analysis of labor law mobilization, themes appear recurring or marginal, as they refer to policies and official statements as well as the involvement of institutional and social actors. The receipt of labor relations law by the latter depends in reality not only on the socioeconomic background but also on the powers and situations in question. Judicial interpretation itself shows originality, when this is not an invention of the law.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-08-09T15:11:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCFMB.pdf: 2452668 bytes, checksum: 7373a1f0e4268dd824cebc1365c60585 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-09T17:13:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCFMB.pdf: 2452668 bytes, checksum: 7373a1f0e4268dd824cebc1365c60585 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-09T17:13:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCFMB.pdf: 2452668 bytes, checksum: 7373a1f0e4268dd824cebc1365c60585 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T17:17:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCFMB.pdf: 2452668 bytes, checksum: 7373a1f0e4268dd824cebc1365c60585 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-05 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM) / This research analyses the Chinese production in the Industrial Cluster of Manaus Free Zone, focusing on the production pattern and work management. In recent years, significant changes have been operating within the global production chain as a result of the massive displacement of Chinese capital towards the various regions of the globe. Brazil and, more specifically, the Amazon has been one of the main destinations of these Chinese investments. An empirical proof of these metamorphoses of global capital is the arrival of a set of Chinese factories at the Industrial Cluster of Manaus (PIM) from the beginning of the year 2000. In order to understand the meaning of this on the organization of local work, especially in relation to the process of productive restructuring developed in the last years, this research sought to organizationally map out four Chinese factories. Quantitative and qualitative data were produced and gathered together from workers, managers, managers of public and private institutions, and Chinese expatriates. The research findings show that the Chinese, on the one hand, incorporated the local production pattern but, on the other hand, reshaped labour management. Such remodelling I called "taylorization with Chinese characteristics", which operates under the duality of being, at the same time, Made in China, but Produced at the Industrial Cluster of Manaus. As a fundamental element of this process, it was observed that strong socio-productive linkages between parent-subsidiary generate fragile socio-productive links in the Industrial Cluster of Manaus, implying high control of the Manauara workforce and Chinese expatriates. In spite of this, there has been a process of "appropriateness / injunction" that causes some "Chinese characteristics" to be deepened while others have to undergo transformations. / Esta pesquisa analisa a produção chinesa no Polo Industrial da Zona Franca de Manaus, com foco no padrão de produção e na gestão do trabalho. Nos últimos anos, mudanças significativas vêm sendo operadas no interior da cadeia produtiva global como resultado do massivo deslocamento do capital chinês em direção às diversas regiões do mundo, de sorte que, o Brasil e, mais especificamente, a Amazônia vem se constituindo na condição de um dos principais lugares de destino desses investimentos. Prova empírica dessas metamorfoses do capital global é a chegada de um conjunto de fábricas chinesas ao Polo Industrial de Manaus (PIM) a partir do início dos anos 2000. Buscando compreender o significado disso sobre a organização do trabalho local, sobretudo numa relação com o processo de reestruturação produtiva visualizado nos últimos anos, buscou-se mapear organizacionalmente quatro fábricas chinesas. Para isso, lançou-se mão de dados quantitativos e qualitativos obtidos juntos aos trabalhadores, gerentes, gestores de instituições públicas e privadas, e expatriados chineses. As conclusões da pesquisa mostram que os chineses, por um lado, incorporaram o padrão de produção local, mas, por outro, remodelaram a gestão do trabalho. A este remodelamento denominei como “taylorização com características chinesas” e que opera sob a dualidade de ser, ao mesmo tempo, Made in China, mas Produzido no Polo Industrial de Manaus. Como elemento fundamental desse processo, observou-se que os fortes vínculos sócio produtivos entre subsidiária-matriz geram frágeis vínculos sócio produtivos no PIM, implicando em alto controle tanto da mão de obra manauara, quanto da expatriada chinesa. A despeito disso, tem ocorrido um processo de “adequação/injunção” que faz com que algumas “características chinesas” sejam aprofundadas, enquanto outras tenham de sofrer transformações.

O foco da análise desta tese são as relações econômicas e políticas do empresário local com a Zona Franca de Manaus. O empresário local é entendido como o proprietário dos meios de produção que tem na cidade seu centro decisório, o que o diferencia de empresários nacionais e de executivos de empresas transnacionais. As relações econômicas são analisadas segundo as modalidades de localização desse empresário na economia da zona franca, compreendidas em termos das oportunidades diretas e indiretas de lucratividade criadas pelos incentivos fiscais característicos desse mecanismo de dinamização da economia. As relações políticas são consideradas a partir das posições coletivas que adota, particularmente no que diz respeito ao período pós-liberalização da economia nacional. A pesquisa se baseou em entrevistas realizadas com empresários tradicionais e modernos, com lideranças empresariais locais, consultores econômicos e técnicos governamentais, e em análise documental. As conclusões mostram que os empresários locais são economicamente dependentes da Zona Franca de Manaus e que essa dependência se traduz em termos da defesa do modelo. Isso se deve ao fato de que a manutenção da zona franca, a despeito dos impasses e ameaças postos para sua existência, assegura-lhes condições de lucratividade. Nesse sentido é que se pode dizer que o empresário local se subordina economicamente e acomoda politicamente à zona franca, e que isso lhe permite reproduzir-se socialmente. / The focus of the analysis of this thesis are the economic and political relations of the local entrepreneur with the free zone of Manaus. By local entrepreneur I understand the owner of the means of production whose center of decision is located in the city, definition that allows me to set a difference among him and the national entrepreneur and the executives of transnational enterprises. The economic relations are analyzed through the modalities of localization of this entrepreneur in the free zone economy, understood in terms of the direct and indirect profit opportunities generated by the fiscal incentives characteristic of this mechanism of economic dinamization. The political relations selected are the collective positions of this entrepreneur regarding, mainly, the context of national economic liberalization. The research is based on interviews with local entrepreneur leaders, economic consultants and governmental technicians, as well as on documental analysis. The conclusions show that the local entrepreneur is dependent fo the free trade zone and that this dependence is translated in terms of the political defende of the economic model. It is explained by the fact that the maintenance of the free zone, no matter the impasses and menaces put to its existence, ensure for them favorable profit conditions. In this sense, It is possible to affirm that the local entrepreneur is economically subordinated and politically accommodated to the free zone, and does not portrays any political alternative of regional development. / El foco de la análisis intentadas en esta tesis son las relaciones económicas y políticas del empresario local con la Zona Franca de Manaus. Entiendo al empresario local como el propietario de los medios de producción que tiene a la ciudad como centro de decisiones de sus empresas, lo que establece su diferencia con los empresarios nacionales y con los executivos de empresas transnacionales. Las relaciones económicas son analizadas por medio de las modalidades de localización de ese empresario en la economía de la zona franca, la cual es comprendida en términos de las oportunidades directas e indirectas de lucro generadas por los incentivos fiscales característicos de ese mecanismo de dinamización económica. Las relaciones políticas son consideradas a partir de las posiciones colectivas que asume, particularmente en lo que toca la liberalización de la economía nacional. La investigación se ha basado en entrevistas con líderes empresariales locales, consultores económicos y técnicos gubernamentales, así como en análisis documentales. Las conclusiones muestran que los empresarios locales son económicamente dependientes de la zona franca e que esa dependiencia es traducida en términos de la defensa del modelo. Esto se debe al hecho de que la manutención de la zona franca, no obstante los impases y amenazas colocados a su existencia, les garantiza condiciones favorables de ganancia. En ese sentido es que se puede decir que el empresario local subordinase económicamente y acomodase políticamente a la zona franca, sin proponer un proyecto alternativo de desarrollo para la región.

O foco da análise desta tese são as relações econômicas e políticas do empresário local com a Zona Franca de Manaus. O empresário local é entendido como o proprietário dos meios de produção que tem na cidade seu centro decisório, o que o diferencia de empresários nacionais e de executivos de empresas transnacionais. As relações econômicas são analisadas segundo as modalidades de localização desse empresário na economia da zona franca, compreendidas em termos das oportunidades diretas e indiretas de lucratividade criadas pelos incentivos fiscais característicos desse mecanismo de dinamização da economia. As relações políticas são consideradas a partir das posições coletivas que adota, particularmente no que diz respeito ao período pós-liberalização da economia nacional. A pesquisa se baseou em entrevistas realizadas com empresários tradicionais e modernos, com lideranças empresariais locais, consultores econômicos e técnicos governamentais, e em análise documental. As conclusões mostram que os empresários locais são economicamente dependentes da Zona Franca de Manaus e que essa dependência se traduz em termos da defesa do modelo. Isso se deve ao fato de que a manutenção da zona franca, a despeito dos impasses e ameaças postos para sua existência, assegura-lhes condições de lucratividade. Nesse sentido é que se pode dizer que o empresário local se subordina economicamente e acomoda politicamente à zona franca, e que isso lhe permite reproduzir-se socialmente. / The focus of the analysis of this thesis are the economic and political relations of the local entrepreneur with the free zone of Manaus. By local entrepreneur I understand the owner of the means of production whose center of decision is located in the city, definition that allows me to set a difference among him and the national entrepreneur and the executives of transnational enterprises. The economic relations are analyzed through the modalities of localization of this entrepreneur in the free zone economy, understood in terms of the direct and indirect profit opportunities generated by the fiscal incentives characteristic of this mechanism of economic dinamization. The political relations selected are the collective positions of this entrepreneur regarding, mainly, the context of national economic liberalization. The research is based on interviews with local entrepreneur leaders, economic consultants and governmental technicians, as well as on documental analysis. The conclusions show that the local entrepreneur is dependent fo the free trade zone and that this dependence is translated in terms of the political defende of the economic model. It is explained by the fact that the maintenance of the free zone, no matter the impasses and menaces put to its existence, ensure for them favorable profit conditions. In this sense, It is possible to affirm that the local entrepreneur is economically subordinated and politically accommodated to the free zone, and does not portrays any political alternative of regional development. / El foco de la análisis intentadas en esta tesis son las relaciones económicas y políticas del empresario local con la Zona Franca de Manaus. Entiendo al empresario local como el propietario de los medios de producción que tiene a la ciudad como centro de decisiones de sus empresas, lo que establece su diferencia con los empresarios nacionales y con los executivos de empresas transnacionales. Las relaciones económicas son analizadas por medio de las modalidades de localización de ese empresario en la economía de la zona franca, la cual es comprendida en términos de las oportunidades directas e indirectas de lucro generadas por los incentivos fiscales característicos de ese mecanismo de dinamización económica. Las relaciones políticas son consideradas a partir de las posiciones colectivas que asume, particularmente en lo que toca la liberalización de la economía nacional. La investigación se ha basado en entrevistas con líderes empresariales locales, consultores económicos y técnicos gubernamentales, así como en análisis documentales. Las conclusiones muestran que los empresarios locales son económicamente dependientes de la zona franca e que esa dependiencia es traducida en términos de la defensa del modelo. Esto se debe al hecho de que la manutención de la zona franca, no obstante los impases y amenazas colocados a su existencia, les garantiza condiciones favorables de ganancia. En ese sentido es que se puede decir que el empresario local subordinase económicamente y acomodase políticamente a la zona franca, sin proponer un proyecto alternativo de desarrollo para la región.

Orientador: Adriana Maria Bernardes da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T08:37:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trevisan_Leandro_D.pdf: 7256797 bytes, checksum: 05e8b08910528f5d5541612e985dc928 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O planejamento da Zona Franca de Manaus se constituiu num importante vetor do processo de regionalização, uso e reorganização do território brasileiro. Embora os incentivos fiscais possuam um papel central para a atraçãode investimentos para a Zona Franca de Manaus, uma vez distante do grande mercado consumidor brasileiro (localizado no Centro-Sul do país) o aporte da moderna logística desponta como elemento de fundamental importância para a viabilização deste planejamento. Desta forma, pretendemos com a presente pesquisa discutiro papel da Zona Franca de Manaus (sobretudo do Pólo Industrial de Manaus) e da moderna logística no uso e reorganização do território brasileiro, dando especial ênfase ao processo de criação de racionalidade e fluidez (competitividade territorial) que viabiliza um vigoroso uso corporativo do território brasileironos dias atuais / Abstract: The planning of the Manaus Free Zone constituted an important vector of the regionalization process, use and reorganization of the Brazilian territory. Although tax incentives have a central role in attracting investment to the Manaus Free Zone, once far from the big Brazilian consumer market (located in the South-central region of the country) the contribution of modern logistics emerges as an essential element for the viability of this plan. Thus, in this research we intend to discuss the role of the Manaus Free Zone (especially the Industrial Pole of Manaus) and of the modern logistics in the use and reorganization of the Brazilian territory, focusing on the creation process of rationality and fluidity (territorial competitiveness) that enables a vigorous corporate use of the Brazilian territory today / Doutorado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Doutor em Geografia

O foco da análise desta tese são as relações econômicas e políticas do empresário local com a Zona Franca de Manaus. O empresário local é entendido como o proprietário dos meios de produção que tem na cidade seu centro decisório, o que o diferencia de empresários nacionais e de executivos de empresas transnacionais. As relações econômicas são analisadas segundo as modalidades de localização desse empresário na economia da zona franca, compreendidas em termos das oportunidades diretas e indiretas de lucratividade criadas pelos incentivos fiscais característicos desse mecanismo de dinamização da economia. As relações políticas são consideradas a partir das posições coletivas que adota, particularmente no que diz respeito ao período pós-liberalização da economia nacional. A pesquisa se baseou em entrevistas realizadas com empresários tradicionais e modernos, com lideranças empresariais locais, consultores econômicos e técnicos governamentais, e em análise documental. As conclusões mostram que os empresários locais são economicamente dependentes da Zona Franca de Manaus e que essa dependência se traduz em termos da defesa do modelo. Isso se deve ao fato de que a manutenção da zona franca, a despeito dos impasses e ameaças postos para sua existência, assegura-lhes condições de lucratividade. Nesse sentido é que se pode dizer que o empresário local se subordina economicamente e acomoda politicamente à zona franca, e que isso lhe permite reproduzir-se socialmente. / The focus of the analysis of this thesis are the economic and political relations of the local entrepreneur with the free zone of Manaus. By local entrepreneur I understand the owner of the means of production whose center of decision is located in the city, definition that allows me to set a difference among him and the national entrepreneur and the executives of transnational enterprises. The economic relations are analyzed through the modalities of localization of this entrepreneur in the free zone economy, understood in terms of the direct and indirect profit opportunities generated by the fiscal incentives characteristic of this mechanism of economic dinamization. The political relations selected are the collective positions of this entrepreneur regarding, mainly, the context of national economic liberalization. The research is based on interviews with local entrepreneur leaders, economic consultants and governmental technicians, as well as on documental analysis. The conclusions show that the local entrepreneur is dependent fo the free trade zone and that this dependence is translated in terms of the political defende of the economic model. It is explained by the fact that the maintenance of the free zone, no matter the impasses and menaces put to its existence, ensure for them favorable profit conditions. In this sense, It is possible to affirm that the local entrepreneur is economically subordinated and politically accommodated to the free zone, and does not portrays any political alternative of regional development. / El foco de la análisis intentadas en esta tesis son las relaciones económicas y políticas del empresario local con la Zona Franca de Manaus. Entiendo al empresario local como el propietario de los medios de producción que tiene a la ciudad como centro de decisiones de sus empresas, lo que establece su diferencia con los empresarios nacionales y con los executivos de empresas transnacionales. Las relaciones económicas son analizadas por medio de las modalidades de localización de ese empresario en la economía de la zona franca, la cual es comprendida en términos de las oportunidades directas e indirectas de lucro generadas por los incentivos fiscales característicos de ese mecanismo de dinamización económica. Las relaciones políticas son consideradas a partir de las posiciones colectivas que asume, particularmente en lo que toca la liberalización de la economía nacional. La investigación se ha basado en entrevistas con líderes empresariales locales, consultores económicos y técnicos gubernamentales, así como en análisis documentales. Las conclusiones muestran que los empresarios locales son económicamente dependientes de la zona franca e que esa dependiencia es traducida en términos de la defensa del modelo. Esto se debe al hecho de que la manutención de la zona franca, no obstante los impases y amenazas colocados a su existencia, les garantiza condiciones favorables de ganancia. En ese sentido es que se puede decir que el empresario local subordinase económicamente y acomodase políticamente a la zona franca, sin proponer un proyecto alternativo de desarrollo para la región.

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