La finalidad del presente trabajo de investigación reside en recoger y profundizar en las percepciones que poseen las mujeres peruanas acerca de la representación de los personajes femeninos en la animación del Studio Ghibli, en especial dentro de las filmografías de Hayao Miyazaki. Para ello, se retoman discusiones sobre la representación de la mujer en el medio audiovisual y, en particular, en el ámbito de la animación. Como estrategia metodológica se utilizará un estudio de carácter cualitativo basado en entrevistas. A partir de ello, se espera demostrar que el público percibe a las mujeres de la casa oriental como figuras independientes y libres, quienes rompen con los estereotipos de género y, a su vez, presentan una naturaleza multidimensional, a partir de una construcción profunda en los aspectos físicos, psicológicos y sociales. / The purpose of this research work is to collect and deepen the perceptions that the Peruvian women have about the representation of female characters in the animation of the Ghibli Studio, especially within the filmographies of Hayao Miyazaki. For this, discussions are taken up on the representation of women in the audiovisual medium and, in particular, in the field of animation. As a methodological strategy, a qualitative study based on interviews will be used. Based on this, it is expected to show that the public perceives the women of the oriental house as independent and free figures, who break with gender stereotypes and, in turn, present a multidimensional nature, from deep construction in the physical, psychological, and social aspects. / Trabajo de investigación

Esta investigación pretende realizar un análisis de la representación de la maternidad e identificar los cambios y permanencias de esta en el cine comercial peruano perteneciente al género de drama. Para ello, se selecciona como caso de estudio cuatro películas que se encuentran dentro de este grupo fílmico: Coraje (1998), Tarata (2009), Rosa Chumbe (2015) y Píxeles de Familia (2019). Este estudio presenta una metodología cualitativa, enfocada en el análisis del contenido narrativo. De esta manera, se logrará confirmar si es que se evidencia una representación de la maternidad más realista y contemporánea dentro de este género cinematográfico. / This investigation aims to carry out an analysis of the representation of motherhood and identify the changes and permanence of this in Peruvian commercial cinema belonging to the drama genre. To do this, four films were selected as a case study: Coraje (1998), Tarata (2009), Rosa Chumbe (2015) and Píxeles de Familia (2019). This study presents a qualitative methodology, focused on the analysis of narrative content. In this way, it will be possible to confirm if the representation of motherhood, within this cinematographic genre is more realistic and contemporary. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo surgió a partir de las investigaciones relacionadas a las transformaciones y/o cambios que presenta el género de las telenovelas en relación a los personajes femeninos. Específicamente, se tiene como propósito investigar acerca de la percepción de la audiencia femenina con respecto a estas transformaciones que presentan los personajes femeninos en las telenovelas peruanas contemporáneas. Para ello, se retoman las discusiones sobre la representación de la mujer en el género de las telenovelas asociado a la construcción de los personajes. Como estrategia metodológica, se propone un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas a mujeres peruanas que hayan visto las telenovelas “En la piel de Alicia” o “Leonela, muriendo de amor”. A partir de ello se espera comprender en qué medida la audiencia percibe los cambios en la representación de la mujer, específicamente, cuáles son las transformaciones o permanencia que la audiencia femenina reconoce con respecto a las dimensiones físicas, psicológicas y sociales en la representación de la mujer en las telenovelas escogidas. / The present work arose from the investigations related to the transformations and/or changes that soap operas have presented in relation to female characters. Specifically, it is orientated to investigate the perception of female audience regarding the transformations that female characters display in contemporary Peruvian soap operas. In this sense, discussion on the representation of women in the genre of soap operas associated with the construction of the characters is reopened. As a methodological strategy, a qualitative study based on interview with Peruvian women who have seen the soap operas “En la piel de Alicia” or “Leonela, muriendo de amor” is proposed. The expected outcome is to understand to what extent the audience perceives the changes in the representation of women, specifically, what are the transformations or permanence that the female audience recognizes in physical, psychological and social dimensions in the representation of women in selected soap operas. / Trabajo de investigación

The study investigates the factors that encouraged six Swedish students to choose a femaleor male-dominated field of study in higher education. This is of interest as gender normsand stereotypes may inflict and limit students' educational choices. The purpose is likewiseto elucidate the educational choices from a gender perspective. The study explores twoquestions: “Which factors may have encouraged the students to opt for a non-traditionalcareer?” “How can the students’ educational choices be understood from a genderperspective?”. To fulfil the purpose and question of issue a qualitative method was used,including female and male students aged 22–36. For the analyse of the interviews, the studyrelies on the theoretical framework of Linda Gottfredson – The Theory of Circumscription,Compromise and Self-Creation, Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) by Lent, Brown &Hackett and The Stereotypical Gender Contract by Hirdman. The results indicate thatstudents' non-traditional educational choices consist of both internal and external factors.On the one hand, it is possible to find explanations in upbringings that have been moretolerant regarding gender roles. It has also been shown that several of the students invarious ways have been exposed to the profession through past experiences. Nevertheless,there are also personal motives that led to the choice of education as well as a supportivenetwork in form of family members and significant persons in the environment. From agender perspective, this means that the students, through their upbringing, where it appearsto have been less strict attitudes concerning gender roles, also contributed to lessrestrictions on their educational choice. On the other hand, the results imply that harmfulgender norms and stereotypes still affect students’ choice of occupation why more work isneeded in order to stop these negative patterns.

Diese Dissertation untersucht die Auswirkungen der Vertreibung auf die Geschlechterrollen und -beziehungen bei syrischen Flüchtlingsfamilien im Libanon und in Deutschland. Sie basiert auf einer achtzehnmonatigen ethnografischen Feldforschung, die zwischen 2017 und 2019 durchgeführt wurde. Die wichtigsten Fragestellungen, die diese Studie geleitet haben, sind wie folgt: Welche Art von Geschlechterrollen- und Beziehungstransformationen erleben syrische Familien im Libanon und in Deutschland? Wie verhandeln syrische Männer und Frauen Beziehungen in der Vertreibung neu? Können unterschiedliche Fluchtsituationen ähnliche Erfahrungen erzeugen? Es wird die These aufgestellt, dass syrische Familien aufgrund der besonderen rechtlichen und bürokratischen Bedingungen im Libanon und in Deutschland eine langwierig-vorübergehende Vertreibung erleben. Dieser Bereich wird als Liminalität konzipiert, einen nichtstrukturellen Kontext, der alternative Dimensionen der „Agency“ ermöglicht. Für jede Fallstudie werden vier Typologien von Transformationen in Geschlechterrollen und -beziehungen bestimmt und anschließend analysiert, wie syrische Männer und Frauen diese neu verhandelt haben. Abschließend werden beide Situationen des Flüchtlingsdaseins verglichen und vorgeschlagen, dass drei Dimensionen der Agency in diesem Schwellenbereich aufgedeckt werden können - eine iterative Dimension, in der die Agency in Richtung Vergangenheit positioniert ist; eine projektive Dimension, die die Agency auf die Zukunft ausrichtet und eine praktische Bewertungsdimension, in der situative Urteile unter konkreten Umständen in einen Kontext gesetzt werden. Diese Dissertation liefert drei Beiträge: Auf theoretischer Ebene verwendete sie die Agency als Linse zur Analyse der Geschlechterverhältnisse bei Zwangsmigration; auf methodischer Ebene verwendet sie eine relationale Perspektive, um verflochtene Beziehungszusammenstellungen zu untersuchen, und auf empirischer Ebene werden zwei Vertreibungssituationen vergleichend analysiert. / This thesis investigates the impact of displacement on gender roles and relationships among Syrian refugee families in Lebanon and Germany. It is based on eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork carried out between 2017 and 2019. The main research questions that have guided this study are: What kind of gender role and relationship transformations do Syrian families experience in Lebanon and Germany? How do Syrian men and women renegotiate relationships in displacement? Can different displacement situations generate similar experiences? I argue that due to the specific legal and bureaucratic conditions put in place by Lebanon and Germany, Syrian families experienced a protracted-temporary displacement. I conceptualize this space as liminality, a non-structural context that allows for alternative dimensions of agency to take place. For each case study, I identify four typologies of transformations in gender roles and relationships and I analyze how Syrian men and women renegotiated them. Finally, I compare the two refugeehood situations and I suggest that three dimensions of agency can be uncovered in this liminal space – an iterative dimension, where agency is positioned towards the past; a projective dimension, which orientates agency towards the future; and a practical evaluative dimension, in which situational judgments are contextualized within concrete circumstances. This thesis offers three main contributions: a theoretical one, by using agency as a lens to analyze gender relations in forced migration; a methodological one, with its relational perspective that explores interconnected sets of relationships; and an empirical one, based on the comparison of two displacement situations.

Även om Sverige rankas bland topp tio av världens mest jämställda länder så dominerar män bland chefspositionerna. Studier visar att individer oavsett kön föredrar män som chefer framför kvinnor. Denna kvalitativa intervjustudie syftar till att skapa fördjupad förståelse i hur det är att vara kvinna och chef genom att uppmärksamma upplevda motstånd, utmaningar och svårigheter vilka relaterar till stereotypa uppfattningar om kvinnliga egenskaper. Utifrån de primära teoretiska utgångspunkterna “att göra kön”, “tokenism” och “rollkongruens” har datamaterial insamlat via intervjuer med sex kvinnor i chefsrollen analyserats. Studiens resultat visar att kvinnor i chefsposition stöter på utmaningar och motstånd vilka kan kopplas till stereotypa uppfattningar om den kvinnliga könsrollen. Ett av studiens viktigaste fynd som kan vara en förklaring till detta är att könsstereotypa strukturer är djupt rotade varför de ofta går obemärkt förbi och reproduceras via social interaktion. / Even though Sweden is ranked among the top ten of the world's most equal countries, men dominate among the managerial positions. Studies show that individuals regardless of gender prefer men as managers over women. This qualitative study based on interviews aims to create an in-depth understanding of what it is like to be a woman and a manager by paying attention to perceived resistance, challenges and difficulties which relate to stereotypical perceptions of female characteristics. Based on “doing gender”, “tokenism” and “role congruity theory” as primary theoretical perspectives, data-material collected through interviews with six women in the managerial role has been analyzed. The results of the study show that women in managerial positions encounter challenges and resistance which can be linked to stereotypical perceptions of the female gender role. An important finding that may be an explanation is that gender stereotyped structures are established, which is why they go unnoticed and are reproduced in social interaction.

Edna O'Brien and Marian Keyes are two sexually candid female writers. They are both from Ireland and their novels have caused many spectacular headlines over the years. These female authors have been greatly acclaimed, but also sharply criticised for their outspoken way of writing. However they have enjoyed huge success and their novels have been read by many people. This essay will focus on two of the many novels written by these Irish authors: The Country Girls by Edna O'Brien and Anybody Out There? by Marian Keyes. In the following essay I will focus on Irish women represented in the novels of Keyes and O'Brien, and their relation to men but also to their daughters. In these novels, women are forced into strict gender roles, very different from those of men. Still, even though the older women in the novels are trapped in their roles, they encourage their daughters to develop and grow beyond such roles. I would argue that the novels and also the feminist actions that still occur in Ireland are built upon a long time of subordination for women, and also from the twisted structure in many of the Irish men-women-relationships. I would argue that the rules and roles created in historical Ireland, have formed an inequality between the sexes that still exists.

No description available.

No description available.

Les corrélats de la cognition sexuellement dimorphique demeurent partiellement compris puisque plusieurs variables de nature psychosociale et biologique modulent de façon synergique ces habiletés cognitives. Les corrélats du sexe et du genre dans le fonctionnement cognitif sexuellement dimorphique ont été évalués dans un échantillon d’individus âgés de 18 à 45 ans (N=87) et d’orientations sexuelles diverses. Les hormones sexuelles (estradiol, testostérone et progestérone) ont été mesurées par le biais d’échantillons de salive à quatre temps de mesure différents lors du paradigme expérimental. Les rôles de genre, l’orientation sexuelle et les variables sociodémographiques ont été évalués par l’entremise de questionnaires auto-rapportés. La contraception étant source importante de variation, a été prise en compte via des questionnaires auto-rapportés. Les participants ont complété une tâche de rotation mentale, de fluidité verbale ainsi que le Trier Social Stress Test par la suite. Le volet de réactivité au stress était un volet des de ce paradigme de recherche, mais pas un objectif de la présente étude puisque cette question a été investiguée dans des études précédentes. Les hommes ont mieux performé à la tâche de rotation mentale que les femmes alors qu’aucune différence significative n’a été démontrée pour la tâche de fluidité verbale. Des associations significatives et positives ont été observées entre l’estradiol et la performance de fluidité verbale pour les femmes naturellement cyclées comparativement à celle utilisant des contraceptifs oraux, mais pas pour la progestérone et la testostérone. En contrôlant pour les hormones sexuelles, un effet d’interaction significatif entre le sexe et les rôles de genre a été identifié démontrant que les femmes s’identifiant comme masculines performaient mieux à la tâche de rotation mentale que les autres groupes de femmes. Ces résultats exploratoires suggèrent un effet principalement conduit par le sexe et les hormones sexuelles sur la performance cognitive qui pourrait également être influencé par des facteurs psychosociaux. / The correlates of sexually dimorphic cognition are not yet fully understood since many biological and psychosocial variables modulate these cognitive abilities in synergy. Sex and gender correlates of sexually dimorphic cognition were assessed in a sample of individuals ages 18-45 years (N=87) from diverse sexual orientations. Sex hormones (estradiol, testosterone and progesterone) were assessed via saliva samples at four timepoints throughout testing. Gender-roles, sexual orientation and socio-demographics were measured via self-report questionnaires. Contraception being an important variability factor was assessed via self-report questionnaires. Participants completed mental rotation and verbal fluency tasks as well as the Trier Social Stress Test afterwards. The stress reactivity aspect was evaluated but was not one of the main objectives of the current study as previous publications have investigated this already. Men performed better than women at mental rotation, while no significant difference was found for verbal fluency. Significant positive associations were observed between estradiol and word fluency for the naturally cycling women compared to the women using oral contraception but not for progesterone and testosterone. While controlling for sex hormones, a significant interaction effect of sex and gender-roles was identified showing that masculine women performed better than other women groups at the mental rotation task. These exploratory results suggest an effect principally driven by sex and sex hormones on cognitive performance that may also be influenced by psychosocial factors.