Le sujet de cette thèse est la pensée arabo-musulmane actuelle, par ses déterminants et ses expressions. C'est une analyse d'un discours théologique à travers la méthodologie d'un philosophe. Certainement, la question de la modernité est centrale dans les débats intellectuels arabo-musulmans. Pourtant le discours islamique actuel, imprégné par les fondements du fiqh (Science du droit islamique) essaie de comprendre le Texte sacré au sein de son champ paradigmatique de l'époque du Prophète (VIIe siècle). C'est justement une des causes expliquant le poids du Turâth (Tradition) dans le discours islamique actuel. Pour analyser ce courant, la critique est centrée sur un théologien-prédicateur célèbre, Yousouf Al Qaradawi . Le choix de ce Faqih (juriste-théologien) est justifié par l'importance de son apport substantiel et prolifique. Cette thèse s'inscrit aussi dans le souci de synthèse des critiques, qu'on considère les plus solides, de la pensée arabo-musulmane actuelle, notamment celles du philosophe Mohamed Abed Al Jabri , de l'historien Abdallah Laroui et du penseur George Tarabishi . Leur production intellectuelle nous permet d'analyser le discours d'Al Qaradawi , à travers une démarche à triple étapes : la démarche structuraliste, l'analyse historique et l'approche idéologique. Ceci afin d'analyser les concepts de base et la cohérence de la pensée d'Al Qaradawi , ainsi que le contexte sociohistorique qui les a permis. Ce qui explique une telle démarche c'est la nature même de cette pensée, dont le discours reste théologique de prédication, avec une forte charge politico-idéologique. Au terme de l'analyse, il apparait que les mécanismes internes du discours islamique actuel et surtout son projet politico-idéologique, ne permettent pas l'acceptation d'une rupture quelconque avec le Turâth et ne présente guère de signes de conciliation avec son époque moderne. Ses rapports avec la modernité souffrnt de la réduction qu'il fait lui-même circonscrire dans la sphère de l'opposition à un Occident perçu comme conquérant, ennemi et rival.

This thesis focuses on the trajectory of the biomedical concept of virulence from 1880 until the present. Following the concept across disciplinary boundaries, from a longue durée history perspective, it explores how virulence was shaped through two distinct, although sometimes overlapping, “styles of reasoning”. Located at the intersection of several distinct research domains in biology and medicine, the concept of virulence provides, in addition, a window into the complex and changing relations between evolutionary biology and the health sciences (broadly construed) over the past two centuries. Moving back and forth between field experiments and the laboratory, this work examines, through the lens of historical epistemology, the emergence of what I call the molecular and the ecological styles, and their respective conceptual practices. It focuses on the ways in which these styles operationalize the distinction between virulent or avirulent organisms in sometimes opposite sense: Whereas in the molecular (or endogenous) style the expression of virulence is explained by properties of internal structures of the infectious agent (e.g. polysaccharide capsule, virulence gene, or pathogenicity island), the concept of virulence in the ecological (or exogenous) style reflects, in contrast, either a lack of adaptation between two species (avirulence hypothesis) or the existence of one or more ecological compromises between, say, the mode of transmission of a pathogen and its host’s recovery rate (trade-off model). Both styles can be said to originate in the medical bacteriology of the late-nineteenth century, but while the former grew mostly out of the work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch in Europe, the latter was primarily shaped by Theobald Smith in the United States. Nearly a century later, the introduction of the category of emerging infectious disease within public health discourses in the mid-1990s facilitated a rapprochement between the two styles that had, so far, remained apart. Employing the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic as an example in which to illustrate the trajectory of the molecular and the ecological approaches, the diversity of explanatory schemes developed to account for the pandemic’s exceptional virulence points toward an unresolved, and yet productive, epistemic tension between the two styles, on the one hand, and the intrinsic polarity of the concept of virulence itself, on the other.

Il est peu de notions aussi vastes que celle du non-savoir, mais le flou du caractère nécessairement négatif de sa définition s'accompagne tout de même du sentiment que la source de ce qui ne peut qu'être déterminé négativement par la pensée (non, cela n'est pas le savoir) ne peut qu'être positive. Notion à l'applicabilité infinie, parce qu'en elle vient s'abîmer tout ce qui ne peut tenir dans l'espace de la maîtrise relative à ce dont on peut dire : je sais de quoi il s'agit. Est non-savoir tout ce qui se rapporte au bouillonnement pulsionnel de la vie et à l'échéance fatale de la mort. Ce qui pousse l'homme au meurtre, au génocide, à la guerre et à la violence révolutionnaire se confond avec un contenu affectif et identitaire qui ne peut être ramené au savoir sans laisser de reste. Mais tenter de comprendre ce qui échappe à l'entendement est cela même qui relance sans cesse la réflexion comprise comme cœur du savoir. Le savoir se montre ainsi sous une extrême dépendance face à son Autre. À la lumière de cette hypothèse devant beaucoup aux découvertes de la psychanalyse, le présent mémoire s'est donné pour objectif de jeter un regard frais sur quelques grandes tensions sociopolitiques de l'Histoire; mais il a d'abord fallu évaluer philosophiquement la possibilité d'un concept de non-savoir. Des champs identitaires majeurs -- révolutions totalitaires ou démocratiques, bouleversements ou synergies culturelles -- sont ainsi analysés sous l'angle d'une économie pulsionnelle qui s'inscrit dans une interaction perpétuelle avec ce qui s'ébauche ici comme une économie du rapport entre non-savoir et savoir. Est ainsi produite une esquisse des rapports possibles entre la vie pulsionnelle de l'homme, le savoir institutionnel et le monde sociopolitique.

The dissertation re-examines the philosophy of Georges Bataille within the context of post-Kantian aesthetics and argues for a re-evaluation of Bataille’s notion of expenditure [depenser] within this context. The dissertation argues further that the artistic practice of Robert Smithson is an exemplary case of an ‘aesthetics of expenditure.’ It is our contention that Bataille’s cosmic-energetic philosophy finds a complementary material expression in Smithson’s abstract geology and its confrontation with post-Kantian aesthetics. We will argue that this occurs through Smithson’s varying strategies, which are grouped conceptually according to the broader logic of their expression:seriality, sedimentality, monumentality, and meandering. While Smithson’s own references to Bataille in the early 1970s are discussed in detail, it is not our position that Smithson was enacting Bataille’s philosophy ‘aesthetically’; rather, by reading Bataille’s evaluation of Kant’s aesthetics and teleology in relation to Smithson’s artistic practice, we emphasize instead that the politics of disgust shared by both figures advance a radical decentring and repositioning of the human in relation to planetary and geological forces. If, as geologists now agree, our present age is that of the Anthropocene1, our argument is that Bataille and Smithson anticipate this precarious condition analytically, and, perhaps more importantly, that their analysis suggests further important diagnostic considerations at the level of social organization and political composition that might help defer, if not entirely prevent, the catastrophic end of this all-too-human period.

Thèse de doctorat réalisée en cotutelle entre l'Université Paris IV Sorbonne et l'Université de Montréal / Des affinités rapprochent l’œuvre d’Hubert Aquin et celle de Georges Bataille. Ces deux auteurs explorent une voie mystique présentant de fortes similitudes, apparentée à ce que Roger Caillois appelle le « sacré gauche », c’est-à-dire le sacré impur, maléfique, dont l’accès serait donné selon Georges Bataille par la transgression, et qui correspondrait, pour reprendre l’expression bataillienne, au « moment privilégié d’unité communielle ». L’objectif de l’auteur français est de dégager l’expérience mystique de ses antécédents religieux et de rendre le phénomène de l’extase accessible à tous. La sortie de soi est rendue possible par la communication, qui implique la rupture de son intégrité et de celle d’autrui. Bien que provenant d’un horizon culturel différent, Hubert Aquin théorise également et met en scène dans et par le récit une certaine forme d’«extrême du possible » qui s’avère très proche de « l’impossible » bataillien. Cette thèse se propose de montrer en quoi les théories de « l’expérience intérieure » et de l’érotisme de Bataille éclairent tant les essais que le Journal, les romans, récits et nouvelles d’Aquin, nous amenant par la même occasion à définir les particularités de la voie mystique empruntée par l’auteur québécois, et aussi, plus généralement et plus fondamentalement, de souligner deux façons différentes d’appréhender et de vivre le refus de la transcendance : l’une, celle de Georges Bataille, qui consiste à embrasser à corps perdu la perte de Dieu et de soimême dans un formidable éclat de rire, et l’autre, celle d’Hubert Aquin, qui réside dans le tiraillement incessant et douloureux entre ce qui éloigne du Christ et ce qui rapproche de Lui. Le premier chapitre de la thèse est théorique ; il est consacré aux trois concepts qui régissent l’ensemble de notre analyse : le mysticisme, le sacré et l’érotisme. La singularité de la nouvelle théologie mystique que propose Georges Bataille dans ses textes théoriques par rapport à l’expérience mystique traditionnelle fait ensuite l’objet du deuxième chapitre. Le troisième et dernier chapitre montre les points de convergence et de divergence entre l’auteur français et l’auteur québécois et met en valeur la spécificité de l’expérience de ce dernier. Comment Hubert Aquin conçoit-t-il et représente-t-il « l’extrême du possible » dans l’ensemble de son œuvre ? C’est à cette ultime question que nous tâchons de répondre. / Affinities link Hubert Aquin’s and Georges Bataille’s writings. These two authors explore a mystic path, which presents strong similarities related to what Roger Caillois called «left sacred», that is to say the impure, malefic sacred, accessible to Georges Bataille by transgression, and which corresponds to the « privileged moment of communal unity ». The French author’s goal is to free the mystic experience from its religious background and to make ecstasy accessible to everybody. It is precisely by communicating that men can break their isolation and that of the others and reach ecstasy. Even if Hubert Aquin doesn’t share the same cultural background as Georges Bataille, he also theorizes and represents in his novels a form of « extreme of the possible », which is very close to the bataillian « impossible ». This thesis aims to show how Georges Bataille’s theories of «inner experience » and eroticism highlight Hubert Aquin’s essays, Journal and novels, leading us to define the peculiarities of the mystic experience explored by the author from Quebec, and more generally and fundamentally, to focus on two different ways to think and to live the refusal of transcendence: the first, that of Georges Bataille, which consists in embracing the loss of God and of ourselves in laughter, and the second one, that of Hubert Aquin, which consists in being ceaselessly and painfully torn between what takes away from the Christ and what moves closer to Him. The first chapter of the thesis is theoretical; it is dedicated to three key concepts for our whole analysis: mysticism, sacred and eroticism. The object of the second chapter is the peculiarity of the new mystic theology of Georges Bataille in his theoretical texts compared to the traditional mystic experience. The third and last chapter shows the points of convergence and the differences between the French author and the author from Quebec and emphasizes the specificity of the latter’s experience. How does Hubert Aquin conceive and represent «the extreme of the possible » in his writings? It is the ultimate question we try to answer in this thesis.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Sendacz.pdf: 683002 bytes, checksum: dbb8e679b3d1d74f350f94f5561c6472 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-13 / This paper sets out comparisons, differences and affinities between the works by Catherine Breillat, the movie maker, and by Georges Bataille, the philosopher. As authors who were born in different times and engaged themselves in different areas of knowledge, Breillat s thoughts are expressed through motion picture and those of Bataille in the form of writing. This is the reason why the dialogue implied in this paper has a thematic background. The privilege of both authors´ erotic view is used here as the central axis, starting from Bataille s idea that the sense of eroticism is the fusion, the suppression of limits. However, though both see the union of the bodies as corresponding to a violation of the identities, the presence of the female character in Breillat s films permeates such conception with a certain rare complexity concerning gender and love. The analysis of such particulars opens up the possibility of marking out not only strong points in common, but also significant distinctions between the two eroticisms / Cotejar as obras da cineasta Catherine Breillat e do filósofo Georges Bataille é o objetivo deste trabalho. Sendo autores nascidos em épocas diferentes, e alocados em distintas áreas do conhecimento, o pensamento de Breillat se apresenta na forma de filme e o de Bataille na da escrita. Por tal razão, o diálogo que aqui se propõe é de fundo temático. Toma-se como eixo central o privilégio da visada erótica nos dois autores, partindo da concepção batailliana de que o sentido do erotismo é a fusão, a supressão dos limites . Porém, ainda que para ambos a união dos corpos corresponda à violação das identidades, a presença do personagem feminino nos filmes de Breillat faz essa concepção ser atravessada por uma problemática rara do gênero e do amor. O exame de tais particularidades permite circunscrever pontos de contato intensos, mas também distinções significativas entre as duas eróticas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francis Marcio Alves Manzoni.pdf: 4650612 bytes, checksum: d280605200508f5454820784cdcdaacd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis addresses some dimensions about the creation of the Sao Paulo Cultural Center, since it's idealization as the central library of the state capital, in the second half of the 1970, to a transformation of their original design to house a multidisciplinary cultural institution, opened in 1982 on land adjacent to the subway line, between Avenida 23 de Maio and Rua Vergueiro. Aims to highlight the importance of public spaces as places where culture converges part of relations between citizens and public administration, where they breed unrest within the city because of social inequality and cultural, color, gender and sexuality differences. In this work, the Cultural Center is considered in relation to the city that crosses and their influence on city life. This research sought to recognize the agents involved with the planning of the "new cultural institution", identifying their references and contributions, taking as its starting point the need to expand the Mário de Andrade Library, due to the overcrowding of books in his tower and insufficient space to meet readers and researchers at that institution. It was surveyed the socio-cultural landscape transformations of the city of Sao Paulo in the 1970s and 1980s, the emergence of demands of the population in relation to culture and leisure as well as the development of public policies for culture in this period. Focusing research on the concept of cultural center and its popularity since the late 1970s, this research seeks to contribute to reflection on the culture of public spaces as places of negotiation, of which participated managers related to municipal administration, artists, agencies culture and diverse publics, whose values, identities and interests influence the constitution and functioning of these institutions, much beyond the meanings of art-­‐ spectator / Esta tese aborda algumas dimensões do processo de criação do Centro Cultural São Paulo, desde a sua idealização como Biblioteca Central de São Paulo Vergueiro , na segunda metade dos anos 1970, até a sua transformação em Centro Cultural multidisciplinar, inaugurado em 1982. Tem por objetivo destacar a relevância dos espaços públicos de cultura na vida urbana, como lugares para onde converge parte das relações entre os cidadãos e a administração pública, onde se reproduzem as tensões vividas na cidade, em razão da desigualdade sócioeconômica, das diferenças culturais, de cor, gênero e sexualidade. Neste trabalho, o Centro Cultural é estudado em relação à cidade que o atravessa, ao mesmo tempo em que analisa a sua influência na vida da cidade. Foram analisados documentos produzidos pela administração municipal, como relatórios de planejamento da Biblioteca Central de São Paulo - Vergueiro e relatório de adaptação do edifício para seu funcionamento como Centro Cultural São Paulo; procuramos conhecer os agentes envolvidos no processo por meio de entrevistas de história oral e pesquisas em jornais e revistas que acompanharam de perto a construção e o funcionamento da instituição. Dentre os resultados, apresentamos um conjunto de referências e experiências de instituições culturais que fizeram parte da constituição do Centro Cultural São Paulo; estabelecemos relações entre as políticas culturais desenvolvidas na capital paulista e as transformações no perfil de sua população, entre 1975 e 1985, reconhecendo a emergência de demandas da população em relação à cultura e ao lazer; exploramos o significado e principais características vinculadas à ideia de Centro Cultural, ao mesmo tempo em que buscamos compreender o processo de criação do Centro Cultural São Paulo na administração dos prefeitos Olavo Setúbal (1975-1979) e Reynaldo de Barros (1979-1982), analisando as políticas culturais de seus respectivos secretários de cultura: Sábato Magaldi e Mário Chamie. Esta pesquisa procura contribuir para reflexão sobre os espaços públicos de cultura como lugares de negociação, dos quais participaram gestores ligados à administração municipal, artistas, órgãos de cultura e públicos diversos, cujos valores, identidades e interesses influenciam na constituição e no funcionamento dessas instituições, para além dos significados de arte espectador

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gina.pdf: 1098229 bytes, checksum: 5645c7798b643448a57df0e3bcad9b1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of the present work is to determine the use and conception, as well as the relation with each other, of the terms Erotism and Religion in the writings of Georges Bataille, emphasising Erotism: Death and Sensuality, The Tears of Eros and Inner Experience, texts which concentrate the main dimensions of his oeuvre. In these, the author exposes the epistemological element of erotic experiences and their religious foundations. Bataille composes an encounter between religion and sexuality, a meeting that defies the action of human continuity and discontinuity, superseding and condemning the being. Thus, life and death meet by means of the discovery of erotism and religion, being erotism the inner life substance of humans, deeply identifying them with religious experiences. The adopted approach for the present work was approximative and problem-focused, intended to dare to discover the essential meaning of the bataillian erotica, reaching an understanding. With no pre-conceived rigour, a journey throughout his works is hereby proposed. We go from the theoretical influences that caused the meeting of the aforementioned concepts to a critical and geographical interpretation of the chosen body of documents, favouring the conceptual structure of Erotism and Religion and their correlated terms: interdiction, transgression, sacrifice, death, life, continuity and discontinuity. Finally, the central focus of this study is on the concepts of Erotism and Religion and their inter-relation within the experience of mystical ecstasy / O presente trabalho tem por finalidade determinar o emprego, a concepção e a relação dos termos Erotismo e Religião em Georges Bataille. Serão enfatizados os textos que concentram as principais dimensões de sua obra, a saber: O Erotismo, As Lágrimas de Eros e a Experiência Interior. Nesses, o autor expõe a dimensão epistemológica da experiência erótica e seu fundamento religioso. Bataille elabora um encontro entre a religião e a sexualidade, encontro esse que desafia o ato da continuidade e descontinuidade humana, superando o ser e condenando esse ser. Assim, vida e morte se encontram no desvendar do erotismo e da religião, sendo o erotismo a substância da vida interior do homem, identificando-o em profundidade com a experiência religiosa. A abordagem praticada na pesquisa foi problematizadora e aproximativa, cuja intenção foi descobrir o sentido essencial da erótica batailliana, produzindo-lhe uma compreensão. Sem um rigor pré-feito, foi proposto um caminhar pelas obras. Passou-se pelas influências teóricas que forjaram o encontro dos conceitos a uma leitura crítico-geográfica do corpo documental eleito, privilegiando a estrutura conceptual de Erotismo e Religião e seus correlatos: a interdição, a transgressão, o sacrifício, a morte, a vida, a continuidade e a descontinuidade. Por fim, a investigação teve como ponto central os conceitos de Erotismo e Religião e a inter-relação existente na experiência do êxtase místico

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lindines Gomes de Barros.pdf: 1639739 bytes, checksum: abb8e1a179cc0baeb81d0e0a8e966ae8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis provides a reading through the fields of social sciences, of the philosophical concepts that compose the subject erotic and orgiastic in the thought and the narrative work - out with the paradigm of civilization of Georges Bataille: eroticism, ecstasy, inner experience, excess, transgression, and solar anus. This thinker, whose works deal with an erotic intention stigmatized as both pornographic and disconcerting because it subverts the concepts of reality and normality, constituted our main theoretical and literary "corpus". Bataille proposes a decomposition of the paradigm of civilizing rationality thanks to the idiosyncratic and obscure rhythms that form his erotic subject, with impure and imperfect subjectivities. In this discussion, we address his vision that consists in eroticism recognized as an inner experience, not subdued to regulation or discipline. This type of experience causes a kind of not-knowing, which reproduces the configuration of wild singularities proposed by Foucault and related to what cannot be assimilated by institutions and cultures. The characters in his literary narrative allow us to observe and define the erotic subject at the intersection between ecstasy and inner experience. They are convulsive bodies emerging from vertigo. Impregnated with this problem, they bring Eros sovereignty with elements of tragic eroticism and of horror that plunge the subject into the unknowable and the rationalizing inapprehensible. What we question in his mind is the challenge of thinking the abject and the excremental, that escape deterministic reasoning and release the vision of contemplative ecstasy by dispelling the significant determinants and the pedagogization that intertwine the social fabric.. The thesis will present his position deliberately at the fringe, which aimed to upset the established order in theology and science. It will reveal the orgiastic itinerary created by Bataille and characterized by economy of outlay, excess, anguish, ecstasy, eroticism, inner experience and concerns. Such a philosophical intent proposes a thought of waste, consumption and reasoning that release from the human condition / Esta tese estabelece uma leitura, no campo das ciências sociais, dos conceitos filosóficos: erotismo, êxtase, experiência interior, excesso, transgressão e ânus solar, que compõem o orgiástico sujeito erótico no pensamento e na narrativa romanescas do pensador Georges Bataille, que rompe com o paradigma civilizatório. O autor constitui nosso principal corpus teórico e literário, cujas obras, estão envolvidas numa concepção erótica estigmatizada como pornográfica e desconcertante, por subverter os conceitos de normalidade e realidade. Ele propõe uma decomposição do paradigma da racionalidade civilizatória, aos ritmos idiossincráticos e obscuros que compõem o sujeito erótico batailliano, com subjetividades impuras e imperfeitas . Nessa discussão conferimos o seu olhar constituinte de uma eroticidade, reconhecida enquanto experiência interior, não submetida à normatização e ao disciplinamento. Tal natureza de experiência, provoca uma espécie de não-saber, refletindo a configuração das singularidades selvagens, propostas em Foucault, relacionadas com aquilo ainda inassimilável pelas instituições e pelas culturas. Em sua narrativa literária, os personagens nos permitem observar e margear o sujeito erótico constituído no cruzamento entre o êxtase com a experiência interior. São corpos convulsivos que emergem da vertigem. Impregnados nessa problematicidade, trazem a soberania de Eros com elementos de um erotismo trágico e de horror, que mergulham o sujeito batailliano no incognoscível e no desentendimento racionalizante. O que interrogamos em seu pensamento é o desafio de pensar o que é abjeto e excremental, que escapa da razão determinista e liberta a visão da estaticidade contemplativa, dissipando significados determinantes e a pedagogização dos sentidos que entretece os tecidos sociais. A tese apresentará a sua posição nas margens, de modo a provocar desacomodações teológicas e cientifizantes. Revelará o itinerário orgiástico concebido por Bataille, tomado pela economia do dispêndio, excesso, angústias, êxtases, erotismos, experiência interior e inquietações. Tal concepção filosófica propõe um pensar do desperdício, da consumação e do raciocínio obsessivo que instaura uma libertação da condição humana