Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:52:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 448479.pdf: 2089128 bytes, checksum: 46f77ba32d6ba74bfb9ef50b57606354 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / This research has as a topic the effectiveness of the Information Technology Governance, in particular the monitoring of its effectiveness. For this study, it is considered that the IT Governance is a decision making structure that determines the responsibilities of each individual, and the mechanisms required to stimulate the desired behaviors related to IT resources, with the goal of achieving the IT Governance objectives. It is understood that the IT Governance mechanisms are a set of best practices and arrangements used to operationalize the goals of the IT Governance, respecting its principles. Different means of information gathering were used in this study in order for it to achieve its purpose. Among them are the use of a Survey and the use of semi structured interviews. This research interviewed 41 professionals who worked in the IT area and were involved with IT Governance. The survey had the participation of 26 specialists in IT Governance. These specialists worked as CIO s, IT Managers or IT Governance Analysts. A discussion complementary to the survey, with an expert with more than 15 years of experience in the area was also performed. The interviews involved 14 professionals with more than 10 years of experience in leadership roles in the IT area, working at companies with formalized models of IT Governance. As a result, this study obtained a definition of an approach to the effectiveness of the IT Governance, which is considered effective when the mechanisms are able to attend to the objectives defined by the strategies of the organization for IT Governance, respecting its principles and attending its stakeholders. This research was also able to qualify a set of 25 mechanisms used by the organizations to implement IT Governance. It also identified which were the expectations of the companies regarding the adoption of those mechanisms. This study showed the top 10 benefits expected by the interviewees pointing that, in their conception, the companies are looking for the organization of the IT area, and the increase of means of control and measurement of the IT area. This study also shows that even when the interviewees had adopted a speech of deployment of the strategic planning as a mean to define the used mechanisms of the IT Governance, the main method to define or choose such mechanisms is the adoption of best practice models, such as ITIL and COBIT, or through a process of benchmark with another IT professionals or companies, denoting that the decision of which mechanisms should be used to an effective implementation of IT Governance is a result of a mimetic process. However, the main contribution of this research is the identification of nine criteria that can be used to build metrics and indicators to monitor the IT Governance effectiveness. These criteria were split according to two dimensions of effectiveness. The analysis also showed that the companies focus mainly on the monitoring of the IT Governance considering the operational area, using mainly financial, economic, productivity and resource usage criteria. In this manner, the external dimension of the effectiveness, represented by criteria like strategic alignment, stakeholder s satisfaction and compliance with laws, are underutilized. / Esta pesquisa tem como tema a efetividade da Governan?a da Tecnologia da Informa??o (TI), em especial o monitoramento desta efetividade. Considera-se para este estudo que Governan?a TI ? a estrutura de tomada de decis?o que determina as responsabilidades de cada indiv?duo e os mecanismos necess?rios para estimular os comportamentos desej?veis em rela??o aos recursos de TI, visando o alcance de seus objetivos. Entende-se que os mecanismos de Governan?a TI s?o o conjunto de pr?ticas e arranjos utilizado para operacionalizar os objetivos da Governan?a de TI, respeitando seus princ?pios. Para que este estudo tivesse ?xito em seu prop?sito, diferentes t?cnicas de coleta de dados foram utilizadas, dentre elas, a realiza??o de uma Survey e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Participaram deste estudo como respondentes 41 profissionais da ?rea de TI envolvidos com GTI. A survey contou com a participa??o de 26 especialistas em Governan?a de TI, atuando como CIO's, Gerentes de TI ou analistas de Governan?a de TI. Uma discuss?o complementar ? survey com um expert com mais de 15 anos de atua??o na ?rea foi realizada. As entrevistas envolveram 14 profissionais com atua??o superior a dez anos em cargos de lideran?a na ?rea de TI em empresas com modelos de Governan?a de TI formalizados. Como resultado, este estudo obteve a defini??o de uma abordagem para efetividade da Governan?a de TI na qual a mesma ? considerada efetiva na medida em que seus mecanismos conseguem atender aos objetivos definidos pelas estrat?gias da organiza??o para a Governan?a de TI, respeitando os princ?pios da GTI e atendendo a seus stakeholders. A pesquisa permitiu, ainda, qualificar um conjunto de 25 mecanismos utilizados pelas organiza??es para a implementa??o da Governan?a de TI, identificando-se ainda quais eram as expectativas das empresas em rela??o ? ado??o destes mecanismos. Definiu-se um conjunto com os 10 principais benef?cios esperados pelos entrevistados apontando que na concep??o destes, as empresas est?o em busca da organiza??o da ?rea de TI, bem como do aumento das formas de controle e mensura??o da ?rea de TI. O estudo apresenta ainda que, mesmo que os entrevistados tenham adotado um discurso de desdobramento do planejamento estrat?gico como forma de definir os mecanismos de Governan?a de TI utilizados. O principal m?todo para definir ou escolher os mecanismos de Governan?a de TI ? feito atrav?s da ado??o de modelos de boas pr?ticas como, por exemplo, o ITIL e o COBIT ou atrav?s de um processos de benchmark com outros profissionais ou empresas, denotando que a decis?o de quais mecanismos devem ser utilizados para implanta??o de uma Governan?a de TI efetiva ? resultado de um processo mim?tico. Contudo, a principal contribui??o desta pesquisa ? a identifica??o de nove crit?rios que podem ser utilizados para constru??o de m?tricas e indicadores para monitorar a efetividade da Governan?a de TI. Estes crit?rios forma separados de acordo com duas dimens?es da efetividade. A an?lise apontou ainda que as empresas concentram-se principalmente no monitoramento da efetividade da Governan?a de TI considerando uma perspectiva operacional da ?rea, utilizando crit?rios em sua maioria de car?ter financeiro, econ?mico, de produtividade e utiliza??o de recursos. Desta forma, a dimens?o externa da efetividade, representada por crit?rios como os alinhamento estrat?gico, a satisfa??o dos stakeholders e a conformidade com regulat?rios, ? pouco utilizado.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-23T18:49:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - M?nica Aparecida da Silva.pdf: 2434712 bytes, checksum: bf43f2692ace47e74176a777c1fa9ce7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T18:49:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - M?nica Aparecida da Silva.pdf: 2434712 bytes, checksum: bf43f2692ace47e74176a777c1fa9ce7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / CAPES / One of the challenges of today's education is to seek alternatives to quality education. Historically in Mathematics these results are not very good. In the search for causes, there are, among many others, the difficulties of learning, which reach a considerable number of students. Among these, it is possible to emphasize the Discalculia that is a specific difficulty of the area of Mathematics. Researching the subject, it is observed that such difficulty is little known by the teachers and, therefore, it is important to know it in order to help the learning of these students. Due to this scenario, the Discalculia theme was chosen as activity research, through which one can interact with the discalculic student. In order to investigate further the subject, a case study was conducted with a 3rd year elementary school student diagnosed with Dyscalculia, Dysshy and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) belonging to the Municipal Education Network of the city of Barra do Pira? in the state of Rio de Janeiro and a literature review analyzing some theories about learning, conceptualizing some learning difficulties and, more precisely, the Discalculia. Thus the research is applied and descriptive, having a qualitative approach, since it aims to detect the difficulties presented by a student diagnosed with Discalculia, analyzing possible advances in learning after analyzing the resolutions of the proposed activities. The activities carried out in this research were initiated through a diagnostic evaluation, to verify the prerequisites presented by the student. Games, play activities were carried out, some with concrete materials, tests, problem solving, which were researched and elaborated from researches on published works on the subject. In addition to the daily records, a final evaluation will be carried out to analyze the student's development. Interviews were carried out with people close to the student, such as his mother, a teacher of the 1st year in which he was retained, with the teacher of the Resource Room and the teacher of the years 2015 and 2016. The student in question had already Repeated twice in the first year and once in the second year, and since 2015 and at the moment, is interested in carrying out activities inside and outside the classroom, which is much facilitating its development, Which began with the approval in the 2nd year and performed satisfactorily in the 3rd year that is. / Um dos desafios da educa??o atual ? buscar alternativas para uma educa??o de qualidade. Historicamente em Matem?tica esses resultados n?o s?o muito bons. Na busca por causas, encontram-se, entre muitas outras, as dificuldades de aprendizagem, as quais atingem um n?mero consider?vel de estudantes. Dentre estas, pode-se destacar a Discalculia que ? uma dificuldade espec?fica da ?rea de Matem?tica. Pesquisando sobre o assunto, observa-se que tal dificuldade ? pouco conhecida pelos professores e, portanto, ? importante conhec?-la para poder auxiliar a aprendizagem destes alunos. Devido a este cen?rio, o tema Discalculia foi escolhido como pesquisa de atividades, atrav?s das quais pode-se interagir com o aluno discalc?lico. Para buscar um aprofundamento do assunto, foi realizado um estudo de caso com um aluno do 3? ano do Ensino Fundamental diagnosticado com Discalculia, Disgrafia e TDAH (Transtorno de D?ficit de Aten??o e Hiperatividade) pertencente ? Rede Municipal de Educa??o da cidade de Barra do Pira? no estado do Rio de Janeiro e um levantamento bibliogr?fico analisando algumas teorias sobre aprendizagem, conceituando algumas dificuldades de aprendizagem e, mais precisamente, a Discalculia. Assim a pesquisa ? aplicada e descritiva, tendo uma abordagem qualitativa, pois tem como objetivo detectar as dificuldades apresentadas por um aluno diagnosticado com Discalculia, analisando poss?veis avan?os na aprendizagem ap?s an?lise das resolu??es das atividades propostas. As atividades realizadas nesta pesquisa foram iniciadas atrav?s de uma avalia??o diagn?stica, para verificar os pr?-requisitos apresentados pelo aluno. Foram realizados jogos, atividades l?dicas, alguns com materiais concretos, testes, resolu??o de quest?es, os quais foram pesquisados e elaborados a partir de pesquisas em trabalhos publicados sobre o assunto. Al?m dos registros di?rios, ser? realizada uma avalia??o final para an?lise do desenvolvimento do aluno pesquisado. Foram realizadas entrevistas com as pessoas pr?ximas ao aluno, tais como sua m?e, uma professora do 1? ano, no qual foi retido, com a professora da Sala de Recursos e a professora dos anos de 2015 e 2016. O aluno em quest?o j? havia repetido por duas vezes o 1? ano e uma vez o 2? ano, e desde o ano de 2015 e no momento, encontra-se interessado na realiza??o de atividades dentro e fora de sala de aula, o que muito est? facilitando seu desenvolvimento, que se iniciou com a aprova??o no 2? ano e realiza??o de modo satisfat?rio no 3? ano que se encontra.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-22T12:42:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ericson Ramos de Mello.pdf: 4027891 bytes, checksum: 7ce6fcb724a96319669aef0ec318a39e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T12:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ericson Ramos de Mello.pdf: 4027891 bytes, checksum: 7ce6fcb724a96319669aef0ec318a39e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-29 / The Centers for Wild Animals Screening (CETAS) on jurisdiction of the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Resources (IBAMA), are responsible for the receipt and disposal of wild animals that are victims of trafficking throughout the national territory. The CETAS of Serop?dica (CETAS-RJ) is the only place responsible for the receipt and disposal of wild animals that are victims of trafficking in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This study aimed to characterize the species of wildlife, seized or voluntarily surrendered, 2008-2014 in CETAS of Serop?dica ? Rio de Janeiro. The total effective entries in the Wild Animal Screening Center was 39.777 (thirty-nine thousand, seven hundred seventy-seven) animals during the years 2008 to 2014, with the annual average of the last 7 years, 5.682 entries. Among the animals received, 91,25% (36.295) were birds, 5,47% (2.177) reptiles, 3,14% (1.248) mammals, 0,13% (53) invertebrates; between crustaceans, insects and arachnids and 0,01% (4) indeterminate information from seizures, deliveries or redemptions. The seizure was the origin most represented during the study period, with 88,75% (35.302) animals and an average of 5.043 animal per year. The Environmental Police Command (CPAM), along with other battalions of military and Civilian Police were the most representative bodies in the fight against wildlife trafficking. Receipt of birds between the years, identified 24 orders, 54 families and 255species of birds. The order Passeriformes was the one that had the highest number of incoming animals (92,22%), having predominance of Thaupidae family with 85,54% (28.634), followed by family Icteridae 3,41% (1.143). The collared (Sporophila caerulescens), the Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola), the Crack-iron-true (Saltator similis), the Songbird (Sporophila angolensis), accounted for about 78,18% of passerines, 61,15% of the seized birds and 56,60% of total birds received in CETAS ? RJ, during the study period / Os Centros de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS), sob jurisdi??o do Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Renov?veis (IBAMA), s?o respons?veis pelo recebimento e destina??o dos animais silvestres que s?o v?timas do tr?fico em todo territ?rio Nacional. O CETAS de Serop?dica (CETAS-RJ), localizado na Floresta M?rio Xavier ? o ?nico local respons?vel pelo recebimento e destina??o dos animais silvestres que s?o v?timas do tr?fico no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Objetivou-se caracterizar as esp?cies, da fauna silvestre, apreendidas ou entregues voluntariamente, de 2008 a 2014 no CETAS de Serop?dica ? Rio de Janeiro. O total de entradas efetivas no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres foi de 39.777 (Trinta e nove mil, setecentos e setenta e sete) animais, durante os anos de 2008 a 2014, tendo como m?dia anual, dos ?ltimos 7 anos, 5.682 entradas. Dentre os animais recebidos, 91,25% (36.295) foram aves, 5,47% (2.177) r?pteis, 3,14% (1.248) mam?feros, 0,13% (53) invertebrados; entre crust?ceos, insetos e aracn?deos provenientes de apreens?es, entregas ou resgates. A apreens?o foi a proced?ncia com maior representa??o durante o per?odo estudado, com 88,75% (35.302) animais e uma m?dia de 5.043 animais por ano. O Comando de Pol?cia Ambiental (CPAM), juntamente com outros batalh?es da pol?cia militar e civil, foram os ?rg?os mais representativos no combate ao tr?fico de animais silvestres. O recebimento de aves entre 2008 e 2014 representou cerca de 91,25% (36.295) das entradas em rela??o ao total de todas as classes entre os anos, sendo identificadas 24 ordens, 54 fam?lias e 255 esp?cies de aves. A ordem Passeriformes foi a que teve o maior n?mero de animais recebidos (92,22%), havendo predomin?ncia das fam?lias, Thaupidae com 85,54% (28.634) e Icteridae 3,41% (1.143). O coleirinho (Sporophila caerulescens), o can?rio-da-terra-verdadeiro (Sicalis flaveola), o trinca-ferro-verdadeiro (Saltator similis), o curi? (Sporophila angolensis), o tiziu (Volatinia jacarina), o tico-tico (Zonotrichia capensis), corresponderam a cerca de 78,18% do total de Passeriformes, 61,15% apreendidos e 56,60% das aves recebidas no CETAS - RJ, no per?odo do estudo.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-03T16:25:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Viviane Figueira Marques.pdf: 1883187 bytes, checksum: 9996d5ea41ecd4f93424c808c4d82ba6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T16:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Viviane Figueira Marques.pdf: 1883187 bytes, checksum: 9996d5ea41ecd4f93424c808c4d82ba6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Staphylococcus spp. plays an important role in the etiology of bovine mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus is considered the most relevant specie due to the production of virulence factors such as ?slime?, which is required for biofilm formation. This study aimed to detect the phenotypic expression of the biofilm formation in 20 S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis, to detect and quantify the expression of genes involved in its production and regulation, as well as to detect the phenogenotypic resistance to beta-lactam in order to evaluate the possible relation between biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance. The isolates were characterized by MALDI-TOF and phenogenotypic identification assays. Also they were submitted to the phenotypic tests to evaluate biofilm production and the susceptibility to beta-lactams. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration in the Biofilm (MICB) were determined to three isolates presenting distinct biofilm production. Futherly, a PCR for the detection of ?slime? production genes (icaA and icaD), Bap protein (bap), beta-lactamase (blaZ) and protein altered penicillin-binding (mecA). Also, the Agr system was typified (agr I, agr II, agr III and agr IV) and its regulator (agr RNAIII) was detected. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed to determine the most suitable time interval for biofilm analysis. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed at the chosen times to quantify the expression of icaA, icaD and hld genes in the three studied isolates. All 20 isolates were biofilm producers and most presented icaA and icaD genes. Only one isolate presented the bap gene. The agr gene type II presented a prevalence of 70%. The SEM showed gradual changes in bacterial arrangement during the biofilm formation along the phases of the growth curve. The peak was reached at the stationary phase. Transcriptional analysis revealed increased expression of ica genes at 8 h of growth and of hld at 24 h. However, for the N-365 strain the ica expression was of low yield. For this study, the penicillin resistance was related to the production of beta-lactamase otherwise the high MBC detected for cefoxitin may be associated to biofilm protection, evidentiated by the fact that the isolates have MICB values higher than MICs tested for planktonic cells / Staphylococcus spp. tem papel importante na etiologia da mastite bovina. Staphylococcus aureus ? considerada a esp?cie mais relevante devido ? produ??o de fatores de virul?ncia, tais como ?slime?, o que favorece a forma??o do biofilme. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo detectar a express?o fenot?pica da forma??o de biofilme em 20 isolados de S. aureus oriundos de mastite bovina, detectar e quantificar a express?o dos genes envolvidos na sua produ??o e regula??o, al?m de detectar a resist?ncia fenogenot?pica aos beta-lact?micos para avalia??o da poss?vel rela??o da produ??o de biofilme com a resist?ncia antimicrobiana. Os isolados foram caracterizados atrav?s de testes fenogenot?picos e MALDI-TOF, submetidos ?s provas fenot?picas de detec??o da forma??o de biofilme e avalia??o da suscetibilidade aos beta-lact?micos. A Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima (CIM), Concentra??o Bactericida M?nima (CBM) e a Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima no Biofilme (CIMB) foram determinadas para tr?s isolados selecionados com base na varia??o da intensidade da produ??o de biofilme. Posteriormente, todos os isolados foram submetidos ? t?cnica de PCR para detec??o dos genes de produ??o de ?slime? (icaA e icaD), prote?na Bap (bap), beta-lactamase (blaZ) e prote?na ligante de penicilina alterada (mecA). Al?m de detec??o do sistema regulador Agr (agr RNAIII) e da tipifica??o do sistema Agr (agr I, agr II, agr III e agr IV). Foi realizada Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV) para determinar o intervalo de tempo mais adequado para a an?lise do biofilme. A PCR em tempo real (qPCR) foi realizada nos tempos selecionados para quantificar a express?o dos genes icaA, icaD e hld em tr?s isolados com produ??o variada de biofilme. Todos os isolados foram produtores de biofilme e a maioria apresentou os genes icaA e icaD. Apenas um isolado apresentou o gene bap. O gene agr tipo II mostrou preval?ncia de 70%. A MEV mostrou mudan?as graduais no arranjo bacteriano durante a forma??o de biofilme ao longo das fases da curva de crescimento que atingiu seu pico de forma??o na fase estacion?ria. A an?lise transcricional evidenciou maior express?o dos genes ica no tempo de 8 h de crescimento e hld em 24 h. Contudo, a cepa N-365 mostrou baixa produ??o dos genes ica. Para este estudo, a resist?ncia ? penicilina foi relacionada com a produ??o de beta-lactamase, enquanto a elevada CBM detectada para cefoxitina pode estar associada ? prote??o que o biofilme oferece, epis?dio evidenciado pelo fato dos isolados apresentarem valores de CIMB superiores aos CIMs testados para as c?lulas planct?nicas.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-05T13:34:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Claudio Augusto Ribeiro de Souza.pdf: 21273946 bytes, checksum: 90399a81f4785e952e86f0792d34dac4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-05T13:34:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Claudio Augusto Ribeiro de Souza.pdf: 21273946 bytes, checksum: 90399a81f4785e952e86f0792d34dac4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / The genus Rhopalurus is reviewed in South America based on external morphology and hemispermatophore morphology of the males. Three species and two subspecies are synonymized: Rhopalurus amazonicus with R. laticauda, R. crassicauda with R. laticauda, R. acromelas with R. agamemnom, R. crassicauda paruensis with R. laticauda,R. pintoi kouruensis with R. pintoi. The genus present now seven valid species for South America. New data on distribution range and an identification key are presented. A comparative analysis of the morphology of male hemiespermatophore of 21 genera of the family Buthidae of Central and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia. The implications of these new data on the taxonomic organization of the family Buthidae are discussed. / O g?nero Rhopalurus ? revisado na Am?rica do Sul com base na morfologia externa e na morfologia do hemiespermat?foro dos machos. Tr?s esp?cies e duas subesp?cies s?o sinonimizadas: Rhopalurus amazonicus com R.. laticauda, R. crassicauda com R. laticauda, R. acromelas com R. agamemnom, R. crassicauda paruensis com R. laticauda, R. pintoi kouruensis com R. pintoi. O elenco do g?nero passa a apresentar sete esp?cies v?lidas para Am?rica do Sul. Novos dados de distribui??o e uma chave de identifica??o s?o apresentados. ? realizada a an?lise comparativa da morfologia dos hemiespermat?foros dos machos de 21 g?neros da fam?lia Buthidae das Am?ricas Central e Sul, Europa, ?frica e ?sia. S?o discutidas as implica??es destes novos dados na composi??o taxon?mica da fam?lia Buthidae.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-18T12:35:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tatiana Pires Pereira.pdf: 2546753 bytes, checksum: c1673b0ae2c6812a3f60faa79b5fae75 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T12:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tatiana Pires Pereira.pdf: 2546753 bytes, checksum: c1673b0ae2c6812a3f60faa79b5fae75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-27 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ / This work was divided in four chapters, in which the first was performed with the goal of quantifying the condensed tannin (CT) content by the Stiasny?s reaction and to determine the classes of secondary metabolites present by the phytochemical prospection technique and magnetic resonance in the tropical forage legumes Cajanus cajan (guandu - GUA), Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia - GLI), Flemingia macrophylla (flemingia - FLE), Cratylia arg?ntea (cratilia - CRA), Mimosa caesalpineafolia (sabi?) (this legume divided into bark and leaf fraction ? SABc and SABf) among the treatments. The extracts obtained were divided into: total extract, number of Stiasny (NS), CT and non-tannins. The FLE, CRA, GUA,GLI, SABf and SABc had obtained the following values for total extract: 13.20; 13.06; 8.28; 14.73; 15.67 and 6.22%, respectively. The reactivity by NS, in the same order of legumes, was 11.25; 4.54; 7.37; 6.70; 23.06 and 71.62%, whereas the CT presented the following values: 1.52; 0.59; 0.61; 0.96; 3.6 and 4.43%, and non-tannin was 11.68; 12.46; 7.67; 13.75; 12.07 and 1.76%, respectively. The following classes of secondary metabolites were identified with greater evidence: saccharides, carbohydrates, non-protein amino acids and glicos?deos cardioativos. For the CT, the intensity was low for most of the legumes, with greater content in CRA, GUA and SABf. The wain compound in the extracts was methyl-inositol (sugar). The second chapter had the objective of assaying in the legumes mentioned above and one more specie, Stylosanthes spp. (estilosantes-EST), condensed tannin (CT) constituents, with the use of organic solvents, soluble CT (ECT), CT adhered to protein (PBCT), CT adhered to fiber (FBCT), and total CT (TCT), CT structural pro-pelargonidin (PP); prodelfinidin (PD) and procyanidin (PC), molecular weight (polymerization degree (DP), molecular distance distributed of the polymer (PDI); average weight of molecular mass (Mw), and average number of molecular mass (Mn), and the biological activity through precipitated proteins by phenols (PPP). The variables ECT, PBCT, and TCT presented were influenced by different species (P?0.05). The FBCT fraction was not found in the legumes. Molecular weights (DP, PDI, Mw e Mn) were affected by the different species (P?0.05), ranging from 737 to 1168 da. The structural characteristics (PP, PD, PC and PD:PC) varied among the species. In the third chapter I evaluated methanogenesis (total methane (CH4total)), incubated (CH4inc) and fermented (CH4ferm) and ruminal fermentation parameters total gas production (PGT), pH, ammonium (N-NH3), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) as they related to CT present in the legumes and Urochloa brizantha cv. marandu hay as control (CTL). The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the leaf fraction of sabi? was tested as well, which had a CT content of 15.97%. No alteration in the pH (P?0.05) for the treatments evaluated. However, a decrease of total gas and methane production for all the treatments with presence of CT (P?0.05). When PEG was added, there was a 27.01 (8% PEG) and 35.01 (16% PEG) increase in total gas production and 3.59 (8% PEG) and 4.15 (16% PEG) of methane production. GUA, FLE, SABc and SABf were capable of modifying (P?0.05) the content of NH3-N (mg/dL), along with the CTL, which also presented lower values compared to legumes with no or only traces of CT (ETL, CRA and GLI). There was significant difference (P?0.05) for IVOMD between the legumes and control, it was observed lower disappearance (P?0.05) for FLE, GUA and SABf in relation to CTL, while SABc did disappear. The SABf IVOMD was affected by the addiction of PEG. There was lower digestibility for FLE, GUA and SABf in relation to the CTL, while the bark fraction of SAB did not disappear at all. On the SCFA profile, there was difference (P?0.05) among the treatments evaluated, with lower values for the legumes with presence of CT. In the fourth chapter I tested the effect of CT from the legumes in study (FLE, CRA, GUA, GLI, EST, SABf and SABc) on larval migration inhibition (LMI) in vitro, on the infective larvae L3 of the nematode Haemonchus contortus (HC), compared with Ivermectin and a negative control (rumen fluid and buffer). Among the legumes studied, SABf and GUA did not differ (P?0.05), with the greater (P?0.05) LMI percentage (34.75% and 34.33%) than the other entries. The legumes GUA, FLE and SABc did not differ (P?0.05), presenting moderate values of LMI (30.25%, 30.0% and 29.75%, respectively). Among the legumes studied, the lowest LMI percentage was CRA (18.46%), GLI (23.75%) and negative control (rumen fluid and buffer), with values near (P?0.05) from to Ivermectin (22.0%). / Este trabalho foi dividido em quatro cap?tulos. O primeiro realizou-se com o objetivo de quantificar o teor de tanino condensado (TC) atrav?s da Rea??o de Stiasny e conhecer as classes de metab?litos secund?rios presentes pela t?cnica de prospec??o fitoqu?mica e resson?ncia magn?tica nas leguminosas forrageiras tropicais Cajanus cajan (guandu-GUA), Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia-GLI), Flemingia macrophylla (flemingia-FLE), Cratylia arg?ntea (cratilia-CRA), Mimosa caesalpineafolia (sabi?) sendo que essa leguminosa tinha a fra??o casca e folha (SABc e SABf) entre os tratamentos. Os extratos obtidos foram divididos em: extrato total, n?mero de Stiasny (NS), TC e n?o taninos. A FLE, CRA, GUA, GLI, SABf e SABc apresentaram os valores para o extrato total 13,20; 13,06; 8,28; 14,73; 15,67 e 6,22%, respectivamente. A reatividade pelo NS, na mesma ordem das leguminosas, foi de 11,25; 4,54; 7,37; 6,70; 23,06 e 71,62%, j? o TC apresentou os seguintes valores 1,52; 0,59; 0,61; 0,96; 3,6 e 4,43% e o n?o tanino foi de 11,68; 12,46; 7,67; 13,75; 12,07 e 1,76%, respectivamente. Foram identificadas as seguintes classes de compostos secund?rios em maiores evid?ncias: os sacar?deos, carboidratos, amino?cidos n?o prot?icos e os glicos?deos cardioativos. J? para o TC, a intensidade foi baixa para grande parte das leguminosas, prevalecendo maior teor para CRA, GUA e SABf. Foi constatado como componente principal nos extratos o metil-inositol (a??car). O segundo cap?tulo teve como objetivo avaliar nas leguminosas citadas acima e mais uma esp?cie, o Stylosanthes spp (estilosantes-EST), analisar os constituintes do TC com uso de solvente org?nico, tanino sol?vel (TCE), tanino aderido ? prote?na (TCPB), tanino aderido ? fibra (TCFB) e taninos condensados totais (TCT), caracter?sticas estruturais tais como: propelargonidina (PP); prodelfinidina (PD) e procianidina (PC); peso molecular (grau de polimeriza??o?(DP); dist?ncia do peso molecular distribu?do do pol?mero (PDI); peso m?dio da massa molecular (Mw); n?mero m?dio da massa molecular (Mn); al?m de determinar a atividade biol?gica, atrav?s da t?cnica de prote?nas precipit?veis por fen?is (PPP). As vari?veis TCE, TCPB e TCT apresentadas foram influenciadas pelas diferentes esp?cies (P?0,05). A fra??o TCFB n?o foi constatada nas leguminosas. Os pesos moleculares (Mw) foram influenciados pelas diferentes esp?cies (P?0,05), variando de 737 a 1168 Da. As caracter?sticas estruturais (PP, PD, PC e PD:PC) tiveram varia??o entre as esp?cies estudadas. Objetivou-se com o terceiro cap?tulo avaliar a metanog?nese (metano total (CH4-total), incubado (CH4 inc.) e fermentado (CH4 ferm.) e os par?metros de fermenta??o ruminal (produ??o de g?s total (PGT), pH, am?nia (N-NH3), ?cidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) e digestibilidade in vitro da mat?ria org?nica (DIVMO) frente aos TC presentes nas leguminosas e feno de Urochloa brizantha cv. marandu como controle (CTL). Foi testado tamb?m o efeito do polietileno glicol (PEG) sobre a fra??o folha do sabi?, que teve conte?do de TC de 15,97%. N?o foi observado altera??o no pH (P?0,05) para os tratamentos avaliados. No entanto, foram observadas diminui??o da produ??o total de g?s e produ??o de metano para todos os tratamentos com presen?a de TC (P?0,05). Para o tratamento com PEG houve aumento de 27,01 (8% PEG) e 35,01 (16% PEG) na produ??o total de g?s e 3,59 (8% PEG) e 4,15 (16% PEG) na produ??o de metano. GUA, FLE, SABc e SABf foram capazes de modificar (P?0,05) a concentra??o de N-NH3 (mg/dL) juntamente com o CTL, que tamb?m apresentou valores inferiores comparado as leguminosas com tra?os e aus?ncia do TC (ETL, CRA e GLI). Houve diferen?a (P?0,05) para DIVMO entre as leguminosas e o controle, observou-se menor digestibilidade (P?0,05) para FLE, GUA e SABf, em rela??o ao CTL, n?o sendo digest?vel o SABc. A DIVMO foi afetada pela adi??o de PEG na dieta do SABf. No perfil dos AGCC houve diferen?a (P?0,05) para os tratamentos avaliados, com menor valor para as leguminosas com presen?a de TC. O quarto cap?tulo teve como objetivo testar o efeito da t?cnica de inibi??o da migra??o larval (IML) in vitro do TC proveniente das leguminosas em estudo (FLE, CRA, GUA, GLI, EST, SABf e SABc) sobre as larvas infectantes L3 do nemat?de o Haemonchus contortus (HC) comparando com Ivermectina e controle negativo (l?quido ruminal e tamp?o). Entre as leguminosas estudadas o SABf e GUA n?o diferiram entre si (P?0,05), com as maiores porcentagens IML (34,75% e 34,33%). As leguminosas GUA, FLE e SABc n?o diferiram entre si (P?0,05), apresentando moderados valores de IML (30,25%, 30,0% e 29,75%, respectivamente). Entre as leguminosas estudadas a menor porcentagem de IML foi para CRA (18,46%), GLI (23,75%) e controle negativo (l?quido de r?men e tamp?o) valores pr?ximos do controle positivo com Ivermectina (22,0%).

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-19T10:50:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Silvio Rodrigues da Silva.pdf: 1225497 bytes, checksum: d2f9db78af36de26e8b7a7201b2e6407 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-19T10:50:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Silvio Rodrigues da Silva.pdf: 1225497 bytes, checksum: d2f9db78af36de26e8b7a7201b2e6407 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / It evaluated the prevalence and potential risk factors for the occurrence of ticks in dogs from January 2000 to December 2014 in two private veterinary clinics, located in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Fifteen hundred records were systematically sampled from an unknown population. Fifteen hundred records were systematically sampled from an unknown population. Statistical analysis was performed considering the outcome variable, tick presence (group 1) and positive tick + negative tick / positive hemoparasite (group 2) and the explanatory variables, sex, age, race, size, neighborhood, and clinic. An exploratory analysis was made to verify the distribution of the prevalence of ticks and their range of 95% confidence, considering all the explanatory variables for the presence of ticks. Differences in the prevalence also were testing by reason proportions test. Bivariate and multivariate analysis by logistic regression models were using to verify the relationship of the outcome of interest and their potential risk factors through the prevalence ratio (PR). The adopted modeling strategy was based on the bivariate analysis. After then, variables were selected to be included in the multivariate model. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) were estimated to indicated the most parsimonious multivariate model. All statistical analysis was performed in the statistical package R. Of all the 1,500 records of dogs in 264 (17.60% [95% CI: 15.67, 19.52]) had the infestation by ticks in group 1 and 372 (24.80% [95% CI: 22 61, 26.98]) in group 2. Sex and age were not considered risk factors. There were differences in parasitism between races within groups 1 and 2. Males Cocker Spaniel, medium-sized and Bangu were the variables with the highest prevalence in both groups. German Shepherd race does not configured risk factor for ticks, confirmed by the most parsimonious model (PR = 1.77 [95% CI: 0.44, 07.10]). The Cocker Spaniels as well as animals living in Bangu had 7.5 [95% CI: 3.01, 18.53] and 1.7 [95% CI: 1.20, 2.32] times, respectively, more chance to be parasitized by ticks. The prevalence of hemoparasite transmitted by ticks should be considered as supplementary data for ticks epidemiological studies in dogs. This is the first study to rank the dog breeds in relation to the prevalence of parasitism by ticks. / Foi avaliada a preval?ncia e os potenciais fatores de risco para a ocorr?ncia de carrapatos em c?es no per?odo de janeiro de 2000 ? dezembro de 2014 em duas cl?nicas veterin?rias particulares, localizadas na zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Mil e quinhentos prontu?rios foram amostrados sistematicamente de uma popula??o desconhecida. A an?lise estat?stica foi realizada considerando as vari?veis desfecho, presen?a de carrapato (grupo 1) e carrapato positivo + carrapato negativo/ hemoparasito positivo (grupo 2) e as vari?veis explicativas, sexo, idade, ra?a, porte, bairro e cl?nica. Para verificar a exist?ncia de fatores de risco, foram utilizadas desde testes de infer?ncia de Qui-Quadrado (??) at? o ajuste de modelos de regress?o log?sticas. Dos 1500 prontu?rios em 264 (17,60% [IC95%: 15,67; 19,52]) haviam registro de infesta??o por carrapatos no grupo 1 e 372 (24,80% [IC95%: 22,61; 26,98]) no grupo 2. As vari?veis sexo e idade, em ambos os grupos n?o foram consideradas potenciais fatores de risco. Houve diferen?a no parasitismo entre as ra?as dentro dos grupos 1 e 2. Machos de Cocker Spaniel Ingl?s, porte m?dio e Bangu foram as vari?veis com maiores preval?ncias de registros em ambos os grupos. Pastor Alem?o foi a ?nica ra?a que n?o configurou como potencial fator de risco para a presen?a de carrapato. No modelo mais parcimonioso apenas a ra?a Pastor Alem?o (RP=1,77 [IC95%:0,44; 07,10]) n?o se apresentou como potencial fator de risco. A ra?a Cocker Spaniel assim como animais que residem no bairro Bangu apresentaram 7,5 [IC95%:3,01;18,53] e 1,7 [IC95%:1,20; 2,32] vezes, mais chances de serem parasitados por carrapatos respectivamente. A preval?ncia de hemoparasitoses transmitidas por carrapatos deve ser considerada como dados complementares para estudos epidemiol?gicos de carrapatos em c?es. Esse ? o primeiro estudo a ranquear ra?as de c?es quanto ? preval?ncia de parasitismo por carrapatos.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-24T18:42:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cristina Maria Alves da Silva.pdf: 4473867 bytes, checksum: f45b303fc503257b78a31fe3cf52b0f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-24T18:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cristina Maria Alves da Silva.pdf: 4473867 bytes, checksum: f45b303fc503257b78a31fe3cf52b0f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-20 / This research aimed to analyze the learning process from the environmental pedagogical praxis perspective taking into account the exchange of knowledge that occurred between 55 students from the 6th and the 7th grade of a public school located in Duque de Caxias/RJ. To understand the process of formation and development of a critical environmental education we took as a starting point the students? reality throughout the year of 2015.Based on the concept of the Theory of Meaningful Learning from David Ausubel (1980), firstly, a kind of poll was given to the students. The intention was getting the level of knowledge they had about the environment and what kind of thought they had about it. We stimulated them to think about their neighborhood as well. After they had answered the questions, we applied a number of educational activities focused on the critical environmental education. No matter the tools, the purpose was always the same: reflect and record in an individual notebook the knowledge built and exchanged in the classroom. After the implementation of these educational activities, the same poll was applied again. That time the aiming was to evaluate whether and which knowledge they had gained, which kind of thoughts and behaviors were built in relation to the environment, to their neighborhood. Then, a comparison of the answers given before and after the activities that included mainly the students? reality was made. An that point it was observed that it is necessary to take into account the students? reality in order to develop a critical environmental education, which turns them into active pieces of the changing process instead of keeping them passive. They started wondering how the relationships worked, no matter the parts involved in, so they started seeing themselves as main characters, as people who are responsible for the environment where they were inserted in. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar o processo de aprendizado a partir das praxis pedag?gicas ambientais e as trocas de saberes que ocorreram entre 55 estudantes das turmas do 6? e 7? ano de uma escola p?blica estadual no munic?pio de Duque de Caxias/RJ. Considerou-se a realidade vivida pelos mesmos ao longo do ano letivo de 2015, visando compreender o processo de forma??o e desenvolvimento de uma educa??o ambiental cr?tica e reflexiva. Com base no conceito de Organizador Pr?vio da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa, de David Ausubel (1980), foi aplicado, inicialmente, um question?rio junto aos estudantes com a inten??o de compreender que conhecimentos tinham e o que pensavam sobre o meio ambiente, sobre seu bairro e sua vizinhan?a. Ap?s a aplica??o do question?rio, foi desenvolvido um conjunto de atividades pedag?gicas voltadas para a educa??o ambiental cr?tica, a finalidade era refletir e registrar em uma caderneta individual de campo o conhecimento constru?do e trocado em sala de aula. Ap?s a aplica??o das atividades pedag?gicas, voltou-se a trabalhar com o question?rio inicial. Desta vez, com a inten??o de avaliar se havia novos conhecimentos e em caso de resposta positiva quais. A compara??o entre os question?rios aplicados antes e depois das pr?ticas voltadas a uma educa??o ambiental que inclu?sse a realidade vivida pelos estudantes permitiu que se observasse o cotidiano dos mesmos e os pontos que devem ser abordados para a constru??o de uma educa??o ambiental reflexiva, ativa, que permita o questionamento das rela??es existentes entres os seres humanos que vivem em determinado espa?o e deles com o ambiente em si, o que significa dizer que os estudantes em quest?o passam a ser vistos n?o como meros expectadores, mas como protagonistas de suas vidas e respons?veis por seu ambiente.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-11-09T10:53:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Philipe Parreiras Horta de Seixas.pdf: 1628187 bytes, checksum: d31c041a1ff12f0800060ca43a9e61f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T10:53:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Philipe Parreiras Horta de Seixas.pdf: 1628187 bytes, checksum: d31c041a1ff12f0800060ca43a9e61f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The purpose of the present study is to improve the techniques in the nutrition of Ucides cordatus larvae, one of the most commercially exploited resources on Brazilian?s mangroves. For such, three experiments were performed, evaluating different diets on Ucides cordatus larval development. The ovigerous females were collected by a professional crab-man, on Barra de Guaratiba mangroves, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, near the hatching period and taken to the Laborat?rio de Cultivo de Algas e Zoopl?ncton (LACAZ) of the Esta??o Experimental de Aquicultura Almirante Paulo Moreira (EEAAPM)/FIPERJ, for spawning. On experiments 1 and 2, the objective was to evaluate the replacement of the live food for a commercial formulated diet for shrimp (Larval Z Plus/Zeigler) on the development of the larvae in the zoea I stage until the megalopa (experiment 1) and from the megalopa stage to juvenile (experiment 2). On experiment 1, after 15 days, the first megalopas occurred in every treatment and the larvae survival was on average 30.1?11.8%, without significant difference between live food, mixed and commercial formulated diet treatments. Also, there was no significant difference in final survival between larvae fed with live food (13.5%), mixed (9.3%), and feed (5.5%). On experiment 2, there was no survival in the treatments whereby larvae were fed only with feed. The first juvenile occurred on the treatment with Artemia nauplii, on the 10th day. The final survival rates with Artemia treatments and mixed were of 33.3% and 8.3%, respectively. According to the chi-square test, the survival was independent of the type of food (Artemia and mixed). On experiment 3, the objetive was to evaluate Ucides cordatus larvae development from zoea I to the megalopa metamorphosis with the microalgae: Rhodomonas sp., Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri. The task was performed on individual cultures with 15 repetitions and semi-static system. First megalopas occurred on the 19th day in all of the treatments. The highest survival rate was observed on the treatment with Rhodomonas sp. (43%) followed by I. galbana (23%) and C. muelleri (13%), presenting significant difference (p>0,05) between only Rhodomonas sp. and C. muelleri treatements. Based on the results displayed, thereby concluded on experiment 1, despite not having been observed significant difference between the treatments, feed diet can be indicated as a more advantageous alternative on larval phases (zoea I to megalopa) by reducing risks and cost with live food production and providing more facility on management. On experiment 2, the diet exclusively with Artemia sp. was the most indicated for megalopa phase by promoting better rates of survival and a faster larval development. On experiment 3, the microalgae species Rhodamonas sp. and Isochrysis galbana were the most indicated ones for larviculture of U. cordatus, being necessary other studies in larger scale conditions in order to confirm this task results / A finalidade do presente estudo foi aprimorar as t?cnicas na alimenta??o de larvas do Ucides cordatus caranguejo-u??, um dos recursos mais explorados comercialmente nos manguezais brasileiros. Para isso, foram realizados tr?s experimentos avaliando diferentes dietas no desenvolvimento larval do caranguejo-u??. As f?meas ov?geras foram coletadas por um caranguejeiro profissional, nos manguezais de Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, pr?ximo ao per?odo de eclos?o, e levadas ao Laborat?rio de Cultivo de Algas e Zoopl?ncton (LACAZ) da Esta??o Experimental de Aquicultura Almirante Paulo Moreira (EEAAPM)/FIPERJ, para desova. Nos experimentos 1 e 2, o objetivo foi avaliar a substitui??o do alimento vivo por uma dieta formulada comercial para camar?o (Larval Z Plus/Zeigler) no desenvolvimento das larvas do estagio de zoea I at? megalopa (experimento 1) e do est?gio de megalopa para juvenil (experimento 2). No experimento 1, ap?s 15 dias ocorreram as primeiras megalopas em todos os tratamentos e a sobreviv?ncia de larvas durante esse per?odo foi em m?dia 30,1?11,8% sem diferen?a significativa entre os tratamentos alimento vivo, misto e dieta formulada comercial. Tamb?m n?o houve diferen?a significativa na sobreviv?ncia final entre larvas alimentadas com alimento vivo (13,5%), misto (9,3%) e ra??o (5,5%). No experimento 2, n?o houve sobreviv?ncia nos tratamentos em que as larvas foram alimentadas somente com ra??o. O primeiro juvenil ocorreu no tratamento com n?uplios de Artemia, no 10? dia. As taxas finais de sobreviv?ncia com os tratamentos Artemia e misto foram de 33,3% e 8,3% respectivamente. Segundo o teste qui-quadrado, a sobreviv?ncia foi independente do tipo de alimento (Artemia e misto). No experimento 3, o objetivo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento larval do caranguejo-u??, de zoea I at? a metamorfose para megalopa com as microalgas: Rhodomonas sp., Isochrysis galbana e Chaetoceros muelleri. O trabalho foi realizado em cultivos individuais com 15 repeti??es e sistema semi-est?tico. As primeiras megalopas ocorreram no 19? dia em todos os tratamentos. A maior taxa de sobreviv?ncia foi observada no tratamento com Rhodomonas sp. (43%) seguido da I. galbana (23%) e C. muelleri (13%), apresentando diferen?a significativa (p<0,05) somente entre os tratamentos Rhodomonas sp. e C. muelleri. Com base nos resultados apresentados, conclui-se no experimento 1, que apesar de n?o ter sido observada diferen?a significativa entre os tratamentos, a alimenta??o com ra??o pode ser indicada como uma alternativa mais vantajosa nas fases larvais (zoea I at? megalopa) por diminuir os riscos e o custo com a produ??o de alimento vivo e proporcionar maior facilidade no manejo. No experimento 2, a dieta exclusivamente com Artemia sp. foi a mais indicada para a fase de megalopa por promover melhor taxa de sobreviv?ncia e um desenvolvimento larval mais r?pido. No experimento 3, as esp?cies de microalgas Rhodomonas sp e Isochrysis galbana foram as mais indicadas para larvicultura de U. cordatus, sendo necess?rio outros estudos em escalas maiores, para confirmar os resultados deste trabalho

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-01-26T12:38:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Juberlan Silva Garcia.pdf: 6866273 bytes, checksum: 77b115c7b87deb998b7440f5ecb87940 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-26T12:38:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Juberlan Silva Garcia.pdf: 6866273 bytes, checksum: 77b115c7b87deb998b7440f5ecb87940 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-03 / The trematode Echinostoma paraensei parasitizes the small intestine of rodents, being its natural definitive host Nectomys squamipes. In spite of the great importance of echinostomatides, there are few studies on morphology, biology and physiology of E. paraensei and its interaction with their intermediate and definitive hosts. In the present study 50 Rattus norvegicus (Wistar),adult females were used, 35 were individually infected with 150 E. paraensei metacercariae (Sumidouro strain) and 15 were maintained uninfected, as control group. Weekly, seven infected and three uninfected rodents were euthanized using CO2.The blood was collected to hematological analysis, and serum obtained by centrifugation and used to aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin, glucose, total proteins and fractions determinations. Fragments of liver were collected to glycogen determination and histophatological analysis. Adult worms were loaded until third week of infection, being the higher number of worms loaded at first week of inection. The hepatocytes had rounded edges, with signs of impaired nuclear, mild infiltration of polymorphonuclear and sinusoids slightly expanded. The hepatocytes were vacuolated with discrete perivascular and periportal lymphocytic infiltration. The serum biochemical parameters analyzed were increased at the first week of infection, varying onward. Hematological analysis revealed the development of normocytic and normocromic anaemia with anisocytic alteration. In the white blood cells, only a leukopenia was observed at the third week of infection. The present results are discussed. / O tremat?deo Echinostoma paraensei ? um parasito de intestino delgado de roedores, sendo seu hospedeiro definitivo natural Nectomys squamipes. No presente estudo, foram utilizadas 50 f?meas adultas de Rattus norvegicus (Wistar), 35 animais infectados individualmente com 150 metacerc?rias de E. paraensei (linhagem Sumidouro) e 15 animais n?o infectados (controle). Semanalmente, sete animais infectados e tr?s animais controle foram submetidos ? eutan?sia com CO2. O sangue foi coletado para an?lise hematol?gica, e o soro obtido por centrifuga??o, para as determina??es de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT), gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT), fosfatase alcalina (ALKP), bilirrubina, glicose, prote?nas totais e fra??es. Fragmentos de f?gado foram coletados para a determina??o de glicog?nio e para a an?lise histopatol?gica. Vermes adultos foram recuperados at? a terceira semana de infec??o, sendo o maior n?mro de vermes recuperados na primeira semana. Os hepat?citos apresentavam-se com bordos arredondados e alguns sinais de comprometimento nuclear, infiltra??o por polimorfonucleares nos sinus?ides, vacuoliza??o, discreta infiltra??o linfoplasmocit?ria perivascular e periportal com poucas c?lulas mononucleares presentes na luz do ducto biliar, alguns hepat?citos estavam hipotrofiados. As an?lises hematol?gicas revelaram o desenvolvimento de uma anemia normoc?tica normocr?mica, com anisocitose. N?o foram observadas altera??es significativas na s?rie branca, havendo apenas uma leucopenia na terceira semana de infec??o. Os resultados obtidos s?o discutidos.