Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T18:56:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ACF37B.pdf: 868805 bytes, checksum: ccd08d33ecb19b054e219ff0d3537c92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / In recent years, clusters have become a central part in discussions about local and regional economic development, as well as in the elaboration of public policies for generating jobs and income. Concurrent with the discussions about clusters, the subject globalization has also received growing attention from the media in the academic and government fields. Different aspects are considered in the discussions regarding globalization and one of the subjects is the insertion of local economies into international commerce. One of these ways of insertion is by global value chains. This term began to be used at the end of 90s, and refers to the productive value chains dispersed throughout the world, but with integrated production and commercialization. The aim of this thesis is to understand how the exportation process influences the development of fashion clusters, this being done by the insertion of these clusters into the global value chains. Each year, the Brazilian fashion sector seeks to broaden their participation in the global economy by means of insertion into the global value chains. This insertion, however, has caused impacts in specialized clusters of garment manufacturers, such as beach fashion, jeans and women¿s clothing. As a way of identifying these impacts, three cluster manufacturers were studied in the state of Rio de Janeiro, namely Cabo Frio, São Gonçalo and Niterói. The impacts of internationalization on the companies integrated into these three clusters were explored by means of a six-month field study, including semistructured interviews. This internationalization occurs either by direct exportation or by means of inserting these companies into the global value chains. The results of the study points out the opportunities and threats to these companies, as well as shows the importance of more adequate public policies for the development of Brazilian fashion clusters. Among these threats, the possibility of inserting these cluster companies into the global value chains in a captive manner (Gereffi, Humphrey, Sturgeon, 2005) was singled out, placing them ¿under control¿ of the exporting companies. As for opportunities, the participation of government support agencies and improvements in fashion show good alternatives for inserting these companies into the global value chains, making possible autonomous and competitive performance. / Recentemente, os arranjos produtivos locais (APLs) figuram no centro dos debates sobre desenvolvimento econômico local e regional e na elaboração de políticas públicas de geração de emprego e renda. Concomitantemente com o debate sobre APLs, o tema globalização também vem recebendo destaque crescente da mídia, do meio acadêmico e dos governos. Vários aspectos são abordados pelo debate a cerca da globalização e um dos temas é a inserção de economias locais no comércio internacional. Um dessas formas de inserção se dá por meio das cadeias globais de valor (global value chains). Esse termo começou a ser cunhado no final da década de 1990 e refere-se às cadeias produtivas de valores dispersas pelo mundo, mas com produção e comercialização integradas. Essa dissertação enfoca como o desenvolvimento de APLs do setor de moda é influenciado pela atividade exportadora, sendo essa feita por meio da inserção desses APLs em cadeias globais de valor. O setor de moda brasileiro vem buscando a cada ano uma maior participação na economia global por meio da inserção em cadeias globais de valor. Essa inserção, contudo, tem causado impactos em APLs produtores de artigos de vestuário específicos, tais como moda-praia, jeans e vestuário feminino. Como forma de identificar esses impactos foram selecionados três APLs produtores desses artigos de vestuário no estado dos Rio de Janeiro, sendo esses respectivamente Cabo Frio, São Gonçalo e Niterói. Por meio de uma pesquisa de campo com duração de um mês e da realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram investigados os impactos da internacionalização das empresas integrantes desses APLs. Essa internacionalização ocorre via exportação direta ou por meio da inserção dessas empresas nas cadeias globais de valor. O resultado da pesquisa aponta para oportunidades e ameaças para essas empresas, bem como sinaliza a importância de políticas públicas mais adequadas para o desenvolvimento de APLs de moda brasileiros. Dentre essas ameaças, se destaca a possibilidade de inserção das empresas desses APLs em cadeias globais de forma cativa (Gereffi, Humphrey, Sturgeon, 2005) se tornando ¿comandadas¿ pelas empresas exportadoras. Quanto às oportunidades, a atuação institucional e o aprimoramento do design sinalizam como forma de inserção virtuosa dessas empresas nas cadeias globais, possibilitando uma atuação autônoma e competitiva.

Submitted by Vinícius Silvestrin Pantoja (viniciuspantoja@hotmail.com) on 2013-10-22T17:08:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aspectos do Comércio Brasil China e seus Impactos Final.pdf: 1276844 bytes, checksum: 251d32d9560cc1963eeab53556891c2d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2013-10-23T11:33:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Aspectos do Comércio Brasil China e seus Impactos Final.pdf: 1276844 bytes, checksum: 251d32d9560cc1963eeab53556891c2d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-10-24T11:31:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Aspectos do Comércio Brasil China e seus Impactos Final.pdf: 1276844 bytes, checksum: 251d32d9560cc1963eeab53556891c2d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-24T11:31:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aspectos do Comércio Brasil China e seus Impactos Final.pdf: 1276844 bytes, checksum: 251d32d9560cc1963eeab53556891c2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-30 / The present work has the objective to clarify some of the aspects of trade between Brazil and China. It is a descriptive work that uses a variety of products aggregations (Harmonic System; Broad Economic Categories) with the aim to build a complete spectrum of this relation. Total effects on Brazilian production structure, caused by the demand of Brazilian products by China, are also assessed. This is accomplished by using the Input Output Table framework. This exercise is also made for the commercial relation between Brazil and all other countries of the World, and a comparison is established. T o finish this description, we look for new trade opportuni ties between those countries. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo clarificar alguns pontos da relação comercial entre Brasil e China. Em grande parte é um trabalho descritivo, que utiliza diferentes agregações de produtos (Sistema harmônico; Broad Economic Categories), a fim de construir um cenário completo desta relação. Efeitos totais na produção brasileira, oriundos da demanda Chinesa por produtos Brasileiros também são analisados. Para tal utilizamos o ferramental de Matriz de Insumo Produto. Este efeito também é construído para o comércio do Brasil com os outros países do Mundo, e uma comparação é estabelecida. No fim do trabalho temos um estudo sobre possibilidades de comércio que ainda não foram exploradas entre esses dois países.

本研究探討中國大陸紅色供應鏈之定義、形成背景、目的，並分析其對台灣與韓國的影響與因應策略，預期作為雙方堆動相關政策之參考依據。本研究定義紅色供應鏈為：中國大陸以國內生產的產品取代以往依賴進口的中間財，進而占領全球價值鏈中附加價值較高的地位，終致創造中國大陸主導的全新國際分工型態。本研究採用雁行模式與重商主義、自由主義等國際政治經濟理論的觀點分析紅色供應鏈，研究發現紅色供應鏈為加速調整雁行模式國際分工型態的主因之一，亦對台灣與韓國的政治經濟造成相當程度的衝擊。根據本研究分析中國大陸經由資本累積與技術進步階段、產業與技術升級階段、追趕與超越階段形成了紅色供應鏈。本研究透過面板產業、半導體產業、智慧型手機產業等台灣與韓國的主力產業為例探討紅色供應鏈對兩國經濟層面造成的影響，並提出近期實例推測紅色供應鏈於政治層面可能引起的交互作用。 / This study tries to analyze with the so-called China’s ‘Red Supply Chain’, which is defined as ‘the strategy that forms a new structure of China-led international specialization or division of labor through substituting imported intermediary goods with its domestic ones as well as occupying more higher added-values in the global value chains. It also aims at understanding such political economic changes’ impacts on the industries and domestic politics of the China’s major trading partners— Taiwan and South Korea. Based upon the theories—mercantilism, liberalism, and flying-geese model in international political economy, we find that this political change plays a significant role of opportunity as well as threat to the foreign relation between China and its two major neighbors. Such an argument is supported by the three case studies on display, semiconductor, and smartphone industries, which are seriously influenced by the China’s Red Supply Chain; first, in economic perspectives and second, in political perspectives. This study contributes to understanding the political economic interactions between China and its two neighbors that urgently deals with the changes and impacts from Red Supply Chain in comparative perspectives.

Les changements majeurs intervenus dans le commerce international correspondant à la participation importante des pays émergents au marché mondial remettent en cause la perception traditionnelle du commerce. Au lieu de se spécialiser dans la production pour laquelle ils disposent d’un avantage comparatif, les pays en développement considèrent la diversification des exportations comme un moyen alternatif d’améliorer la croissance économique et de réduire les chocs négatifs externes. Par ailleurs, la crise financière mondiale de 2008 soulève l’examen de la relation entre le taux de change réel (TCR) et le commerce international. Dans une telle perspective, cette thèse tente d’étudier dans un premier temps le lien de causalité entre la diversification des exportations et le TCR dans les pays à revenu intermédiaire. Tout d’abord, nous trouvons une causalité bidirectionnelle entre nos deux variables d’intérêt. En décomposant leurs exportations par destination, le même lien bidirectionnel est enregistré dans le cas du commerce Sud-Nord, tandis que la causalité unidirectionnelle allant du TCR vers la diversification des exportations est marquée dans le commerce Sud-Sud.Deuxièmement, nous comparons cette relation entre deux groupes de pays, l’Asie vs. l’Amérique latine et l’effet de deux crises financières (en 1997 et 2008) sur ce lien. Nous montrons que, sans considération des crises financières, il existe une causalité bidirectionnelle pour les pays d’Amérique latine et la relation conventionnelle allant du TCR vers la diversification des exportations pour les pays asiatiques.Toutefois, en tenant en compte des crises financières, la causalité bidirectionnelle est fondée dans les deux sous-groupes.Troisièmement, nous abordons la question de l’effet de la diversification des exportations sur l’élasticité-prix des importations en comparant deux modèles d’intégration dans la région de l’Asie-Pacifique: les États-Unis avec le modèle d’intégration traditionnel, la Chine avec un modèle singulier d’intégration Sud-Sud. De manière générale, nous trouvons que l’élasticité-prix est négative pour les importations en provenance de la Chine et positive dans le cas des États-Unis. Lorsque leurs partenaires commerciaux réussissent à diversifier leurs destinations à l’exportation, les élasticités-prix des importations s’affaiblissent. Ces résultats questionnent la condition de Marshall-Lerner. Quatrièmement, pour étudier comment un pays pourrait diversifier ses exportations, nous examinons si un choc de change peut être un facteur promouvant la productivité des entreprises. En utilisant la méthode des différences de différences sur les données au niveau des firmes pour les secteurs industriels vietnamiens, nous avons découvert un effet positif d’une appréciation persistante du dong vietnamien sur la productivité des entreprises. Nous confirmons que la recherche et le développement (R&D) pourrait expliquer le mécanisme par lequel une appréciation améliore la productivité des entreprises. / Major changes in international trade related to the crucial participation of emerging countries inworld markets have been challenging the traditional perception of trade. Instead of only specializing inthe products in which they have a comparative advantage, developing countries consider export diversificationas an alternative way to improve economic growth and reduce external adverse shocks. Besides,the global financial crisis in 2008 raised the need for an examination of the relationship between realexchange rate (RER) and trade.In this line, this thesis attempts to investigate the causal link between export diversification andRER in the middle-income countries. Firstly, we find a bidirectional causality between our two variablesof interest. By differentiating the countries’ exports by destination, the same bidirectional link isrecorded in the case of South-North trade, while a unidirectional causality running from RER to exportdiversification is recorded in the South-South trade.Secondly, we compare this relationship between two groups of countries, Asia versus Latin America,and the effect of the two financial crises (in 1997 and 2008) on this link. We show that, regardlessof the financial crises, the bidirectional causality exists for the Latin American countries and the conventionallink from RER to export diversification for Asian countries. However, when accounted forfinancial crises, the bidirectional causality is found in both subgroups.Thirdly, we address the question of the effect of export diversification on price elasticity of importsin two models of integration in the Pacific-Rim, that is: the traditional model (the US) and a new modelof integration (China). We find consistent negative price elasticity of imports for China and a positive onein the case of the US. When their trading partners are successful in diversifying their export destinations,import price elasticity of either China or the US becomes very low. This result challenges our awarenessof the Marshall-Lerner condition.Fourthly, to investigate how a country could diversify her exports, we look at real exchange rateshocks as a factor that may promote firm productivity. Using the difference-in-differences methodologyon firm-level data for Vietnamese manufacturing, we find a positive effect of a persistent real appreciationin the Vietnamese dong on firm productivity. We note that research and development (R&D) could explainthe mechanism by which real appreciation improves firm productivity.

The main theme of this master's thesis is an effort to explain the integration of transnational corporations from developing countries into the economic globalization. Firstly, we define the main concepts, such as process of globalization and competition. Then, we specify the most important characteristics of transnational corporations from developing countries, we identify major incentives and strategies of their integration into the global competition, we also devote our attention to measurement of degree of their integration into the global economy and evaluate their main competitive advantages and disadvantages. In the analytical part of the work we use quantitative analysis in order to find the differences between transnational corporations from developing countries and their counterparts from developed countries in the transnationality index, diversification of industry and industrial sector in which these companies operate. The last part is focused on a case study of an Indian transnational conglomerate Tata Group. On this example we show the practical aspects of integration of transnational corporations from developing countries into the global economy.

La phase la plus récente de la mondialisation, Chaînes de Valeur Mondiales (CVM), est datée du début des années 1990. La naissance de l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce a abattu de nombreuses barrières commerciales et a conduit à la libéralisation dans des domaines tels que les télécommunications, les services financiers et les technologies de l'information. Cela a suscité l'émergence de nouveaux modèles d'affaires qui s'appuyaient sur de nouvelles opportunités pour développer des avantages comparatifs. Il s'est développé dans un flux constant d'investissement, de technologies, de biens intermédiaires et les services aux entreprises. C'est ce qu'on a appelé la «chaîne d'approvisionnement internationale». La principale caractéristique de ce phénomène est l'augmentation du commerce des biens finaux et intermédiaires entre les pays. Les biens intermédiaires ont généré la structure de production du réseau du commerce international et, donc, l'exposition à de nouveaux défis économiques qui ne sont pas saisis et pleinement compris par les statistiques commerciales bilatéraux. L'existence du réseau commercial international, liant les pays non seulement du côté de la consommation mais aussi de la production, fait que le contenu à valeur ajoutée du commerce diffère des exportations brutes. C'est précisément la valeur ajoutée qui est le principal objet d'intérêt économique parce qu'elle détermine l'activité économique et le niveau global de l'emploi dans un pays. La question principale est donc de savoir si les changements dans l'organisation du commerce mondial devraient conduire à une révision de nos intuitions économiques. C'est l'objet de cette thèse, dans laquelle je passe en revue de nombreux sujets et d'hypothèses économiques pressantes et les relie aux schémas de production mondiaux.Cette thèse couvre les thèmes suivants: (i) le rôle des accords de libre-échange et des technologies de l'information et de la communication "captés comme effet frontière"; (ii) les élasticités des exportations à valeur ajoutée; les déséquilibres commerciaux. Alors que les résultats pour de nombreux pays sont rapportés, j'accorde une attention particulière aux pays européens. D'une manière générale, les résultats montrent que (i) les accords de libre-échange augmentent le commerce bilatéral de 54% en moyenne après 10 ans ou plus, au tant pour les biens finaux que pour les biens intermédiaires. Le "border effect" est devenu moins contraignant avec le temps, les échanges de biens finaux ont augmenté de 443% par rapport au commerce intérieur depuis 1970, tandis que la hausse a été de 195% pour les biens intermédiaires. Ils fournissent également la preuve que l'effet des accords de libre-échange sur le commerce s'est renforcé avec le temps. (ii) Les conséquences de négliger la dimension des CVM pour l'élasticité des exportations à valeur ajoutée sont qu'elles ne sont pas constantes dans le temps et inférieures à celles des exportations brutes. Une contribution importante est ici de mettre en place un cadre souple qui lie les changements dans les exportations à valeur ajoutée aux changements dans le flux réel des biens finaux et intermédiaires. Cela rend plus facile de calculer d'autres outils qui ont été développés auparavant dans la littérature, comme les taux de change effectif réel (REER) en termes de valeur ajoutée. (iii) L'utilisation d'une approche à valeur ajoutée pour étudier les déséquilibres commerciaux montre que nous ne comprenons toujours pas complètement les causes et les conséquences de ces déséquilibres et que les CVM ne font que compliquer davantage les choses. Par conséquence, je démêle les différentes composantes de la dynamique de la balance commerciale (la performance commerciale et la croissance de la demande) tout en intégrant les liens internationaux du réseau de production entrées-sorties. Enfin, j'explique dans quelle mesure les dévaluations internes sont suffisantes pour compenser la rigidité des taux de change intra-Euro. / The most recent phase of globalization, the so-called Global Value Chains (GVCs), is dated at the beginning of the 1990s. The birth of the World Trade Organization brought down many trade barriers and led to liberalization in areas like telecommunications, financial services, and information technologies. It meant the emergence of new business models that built on new opportunities to develop comparative advantages. With the opening of new markets, the technical revolution in IT and communications, and the closer harmonization of economic models worldwide, trade became much more than just a simple exchange of merchandise across borders. It developed into a constant flow of investment, of technologies, of goods for processing and business services. This is what has been called the "International Supply Chain". The key characteristic of this phenomenon is the increasing trade in final and intermediate goods among countries. Intermediate goods generated the network production structure of international trade and with it the exposure to new policy challenges that are not captured and fully understand by bilateral trade statistics. The existence of the international trade network, linking countries not only on the consumption side but also on production, makes the value-added content of trade to differ from gross exports. Nevertheless, it is precisely domestic value added the primary object of economic interest because it determines economic activity and the overall employment level in a country. The main question, therefore, is whether the changes in the organization of world trade should lead to a revision on our Economic intuitions. This is the purpose of this thesis, in which I review many pressing economic topics and hypotheses, and connect them with the global production patterns.This thesis covers the topics of (i) the trade-enhancing role of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT, "captured as a border effect"), (ii) value-added exports elasticities, and (iii) trade imbalances. While results for many countries are reported, I pay particular attention to the European countries. Broadly speaking, results show that (i) FTAs increase bilateral trade by 54% on average after 10 or more years, for both final goods and intermediate inputs. The border effect has become less binding over time, increasing trade in final goods an astounding 443%, relative to domestic trade since 1970, while the rise has been 195% for intermediate inputs. They also provide evidence that the trade effect of FTAs has strengthened over time. (ii) The implications of neglecting the GVC dimension for the value-added export elasticity are that it is not constant over time and lower than for gross exports. An important contribution here is to put in place a tractable framework that links changes in value-added exports to changes in the actual flow of final and intermediate goods. This makes easier to compute other tools that have been developed before in the literature like GVC Real Effective Exchange Rates (REERs). (iii) Using a value-added approach to study trade imbalances shows that we still do not have a full understanding of the causes and consequences of these imbalances and that GVC only makes it more challenging. Therefore, I disentangle the different components of the trade balance dynamics (trade performance and demand growth) while incorporating the international input-output production network linkages. Finally, I shed some light on to what extent internal devaluations are sufficient to offset the intra-Euro nominal exchange rigidity.

Глобализация охватывает все новые сферы и меняет суть привычных явлений. Характерной чертой современного этапа развития мирового хозяйства является формирование и распространение трансграничных цепочек стоимости (глобальных и региональных). Одной из мало изученных сфер остается вопрос об интеграции национальной экономики в трансграничных цепочках стоимости в условиях глобализации. На сегодняшний день странам со слабой экономикой как Республика Таджикистан важнейшим источником роста конкурентоспособности отраслей является стимулирование участия в глобальных цепочках стоимости на этапе их формирования. Для этого необходима выработка специфических рекомендаций. Объектом исследования является национальная экономика Республики Таджикистан. Предмет исследования – степень включенности и направление развития национальной экономики в глобальной среде трансграничных цепочек добавленной стоимости. Цель данной работы – формирование теоретико-методических основ и разработка рекомендаций по выстраиванию национальной экономики Республики Таджикистан в трансграничные цепочки стоимости. Во введении обоснована актуальность, цель и задачи исследования. В первой главе рассмотрены сущность и понятие среды трансграничных цепочек стоимости. Изучена концепция национальной экономики в условиях глобализации. Во второй главе проведена комплексная оценка место страны в мировой хозяйственной среде на основании международных индексов, была предложена авторская методика. На основании авторской методики было выявлено участие страны в фрагментации цепочки создания стоимости. В третьей главе проведён мониторинг мнения экспертов, SWOT – анализ о присоединение Республики Таджикистан в ЕАЭС, как способ более глубокого интегрирования в воспроизводственных процессах. А также было изучено несколько Государственных Программ Республики Таджикистан. В Заключении авторами было предложено несколько рекомендаций по поводу дальнейшего развития национальной экономики Республики Таджикистан в трансграничные цепочки стоимости. / Globalization covers all new areas and changes the essence of familiar phenomena. A characteristic feature of the current stage of development of the world economy is the formation and distribution of cross-border value chains (global and regional). One of the little studied areas remains the issue of integrating the national economy in cross-border value chains in the context of globalization. To date, countries with a weak economy as the Republic of Tajikistan, the most important source of growth in the competitiveness of industries is the promotion of participation in global value chains at the stage of their formation. It requires the development of specific recommendations. The object of the research is the national economy of the Republic of Tajikistan. The subject of research is the degree of inclusion and direction of development of the national economy in the global environment of cross-border value chains. The purpose of the work is the formation of theoretical and methodological foundations and the development of recommendations for implementing the national economy of the Republic of Tajikistan into cross-border value chains. The introduction substantiates the relevance, purpose and objectives of the research. The first chapter discusses the nature and concept of the environment of cross-border value chains. The concept of the national economy in the context of globalization is studied. In the second chapter, a comprehensive assessment of the country's place in the world economic environment on the basis of international indices is carried out; there proposed the methodology based on the author’s methodology, the country's participation in the fragmentation of the value chain is revealed. The third chapter monitors the opinions of experts, SWOT analyzes on the accession of the Republic of Tajikistan to the EAEU as a way of deeper integration in reproduction processes. And also several State Programs of the Republic of Tajikistan are studied. In conclusion, the authors propose several recommendations regarding the further development of the national economy of the Republic of Tajikistan in cross-border value chains.

The relevance is justified by the need to eliminate the following contradiction: - on the one hand, the world economic environment (WEE) has changed, the main characteristic of which has become the GVCs, and the current stage of world development the new generation of GVCs is already relevant; - on the other hand, the strategy for the development of the national economy in this new WEE poorly reflects the new realities of the WEE and allows us to supplement the concept of industrial regions as "territory for the placement of exporters 'enterprises" to the concept of "placement of links of GCS". The goal is to develop a theoretical approach and offer recommendations on the priorities of foreign economic development of the industrial regions of Russia on the basis of their integration into the industry GVCs. The object of research is the leading industrial regions of Russia (or industrial type) as part of the national economy and part of the GVCs. The subject of the study is the socio-economic relations arising from the interaction of structural elements of the Industrial district with the links of the GVCs. The scientific novelty consists in the promotion of a new scientific idea of integration of IR in the GCS and its theoretical justification, the meaning of which is the transition from the "forward-participation" model to the "backward-participation", as well as the proposal of indicators that allow you to determine the positioning of the intra-state region of industrial type through the prism of a specific industry. This complements the" in-country component " of scientific research in the field of GVCs-concepts and in relation to ID allows to supplement the concept of ID as a "territory for the placement of exporting enterprises" to the concept of "placement of GVCs links". / Актуальность обосновывается необходимостью устранения следующего противоречия: - с одной стороны, изменилась мирохозяйственная среда, основной характеристикой, которой стали ГЦДС, причем актуальной является уже ГЦДС нового поколения; - с другой стороны, стратегия развития национальной экономики в этой новой МХС в определенном смысле (а ИР является частью национальной экономической структуры) медленно и слабо отражает новые реалии МХС, отношении ИР позволяет дополнить концепцию ИР как «территория для размещения предприятий экспортеров» к концепции «размещения звеньев ГЦДС». Цель – разработать теоретический подход и рекомендации по приоритетам внешнеэкономического развития индустриальных регионов России на основе их интеграции в отраслевые ГЦДС. Объект исследования – ведущие индустриальные регионы России (или промышленного типа) как часть национальной экономики и часть ГЦДС. Предмет исследования – социально-экономические отношения, возникающие при взаимодействии структурных элементов ИР со звеньями ГЦДС. Научная новизна состоит в выдвижении новой научной идеи интеграции ИР в ГЦС и ее теоретическом обосновании, смысл которой заключается в переходе от модели «forward» к «backward», а также предложении показателей, которые позволяют определить позиционирование внутригосударственного региона промышленного типа через призму конкретной отрасли и в предложении на этой основе приоритетов. Это дополняет «внутристрановую компоненту» научных исследований в области ГЦLС-концепций и в отношении ИР позволяет дополнить концепцию ИР как «территория для размещения предприятий экспортеров» к концепции «размещения звеньев ГЦС».

Актуальность работы обосновывается необходимостью: - выполнения законодательных документов, в т.ч. государственной программы РФ «Развитие фармацевтической и медицинской промышленности на период на 2013-2020 года», которая направлена на увеличение объема экспорта лекарственных средств до 75 млрд.руб. в 2020 году. - устранения следующего противоречия: с одной стороны, происходит смещение географии мировой фармацевтической индустрии в сторону развивающихся рынков; с другой стороны, фармацевтический рынок Россия в отличие от Китая, Индии и Кореи, находится в начальной стадии развития. Объект исследования - фармацевтический рынок и фармацевтические ГЦС как части глобальной производственной системы. Предмет - стадия НИОКР в рамках фармацевтической ГЦС. Цель магистерской диссертации – уточнение теоретико-методологической платформы развития современной фармацевтической индустрии в контексте глобальной цепочки стоимости (ГЦС) и разработка рекомендаций для России. Согласно поставленной цели необходимо решить следующие задачи: - уточнить сущность и методологию ГЦС-анализа с акцентом на стадию НИОКР; - обобщить и структурировать особенности, тенденцииразвития мирового фармацевтического рынка; - проанализировать деятельность фармацевтических компаний разных стран в условиях глобализации и провести ГЦС-анализ их функционирования (на примере ведущих компаний) с выделением звена НИОКР; - выявить факторы локализации звена НИОКР ГЦС в разных странах; - разработать рекомендации для российских компаний. В результате решения задач получены следующие результаты, составляющие научную новизну исследования: - уточнена сущность фармацевтических ГЦС с точки зрения глобальной производственной системы, систематизированы особенности ее стадии НИОКР; - уточнена методологическая основа ГЦС-анализа и проведена его апробация на примере фармацевтических компаний АстраЗенека и Биокад; - обобщены и структурированы особенности, тенденции развития мирового фармацевтического рынка , в том числе на основании результатов сравнительного анализа; - выявлены факторы локализации звена НИОКР ГЦС в разных странах; - разработаны рекомендации для российских компаний. Методы исследования: сравнительного, эконометрического анализов, синтеза информации. Эмпирическая база: статистические базы UNCTAD; статистические базы Statista; статистические базы WTO; статистические базы OECD; аналитические базы Deloitte; аналитические базы The World Bank; ежегодные отчеты компаний. Магистерская диссертация выполнена в рамках гранта РФФИ №20-014-00011 «Сравнительный анализ выгод и рисков встраивания национальных компаний в ГЦС: на примере фармацевтической отрасли России, Беларуси и Казахстана» (научный руководитель Фролова Е.Д. участвует в этом проекте). Подготовлена статья: Теленкова И. В., Фролова Е.Д. Особенности развития звена НИОКР в фармацевтической ГЦС / Сборник докладов межд. конф. "Российские регион в фокусе перемен". Екатеринбург: УрФУ. - 2019. Стр. 39-41. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42847950. / The relevance of the work is justified by the need for: - implementation of legislative documents, including the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of the pharmaceutical and medical industry for the period 2013-2020", which is aimed at increasing the volume of exports of medicines to 75 billion rubles in 2020. - elimination of the following contradiction: on the one hand, the geography of the global pharmaceutical industry is shifting towards emerging markets; on the other hand, the pharmaceutical market in Russia, unlike China, India and Korea, is in the initial stage of development. The object of research is the pharmaceutical market and pharmaceutical GVCs as part of the global production system. The subject is the R & D stage within the pharmaceutical GVC. The purpose of the master's thesis is to clarify the theoretical and methodological platform for the development of the modern pharmaceutical industry in the context of the global value chain (GCS) and to develop recommendations for Russia. According to the set goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: - clarify the nature and methodology of the GCC analysis with an emphasis on the R & D stage - to summarize and structure the features and trends of the global pharmaceutical market development; - analyze the activities of pharmaceutical companies in different countries in the context of globalization and conduct a GVC analysis of their functioning (on the example of leading companies) with the allocation of the R & D link; - identify the factors of localization of the R & D link of the GCS in different countries; - develop recommendations for Russian companies. As a result of solving the problems, the following results are obtained, which make up the scientific novelty of the study: - the essence of pharmaceutical GVCs from the point of view of the global production system was clarified, the features of its R & D stage was systematized; - the methodological basis of the GVC analysis was clarified and its approbation was carried out on the example of the pharmaceutical companies AstraZeneca and Biocad; - the features and trends in the development of the global pharmaceutical market were summarized and structured, including on the basis of the results of comparative analysis; - the factors of localization of the R & D link of the GCS in different countries were identified; - recommendations for Russian companies were developed. Research methods: comparative & econometric analysis, information synthesis. Empirical base: statistical databases UNCTAD; statistical databases Statista; statistical databases WTO; statistical databases OECD; statistical databases Deloitte; statistical databases The World Bank. The master's thesis was carried out within the framework of the Russian Fund of investigations grant No. 20-014-00011 "Comparative analysis of the benefits and risks of national companies which are integrated into GVCs: on the example of the pharmaceutical industry in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan" (scientific supervisor Frolova E. D. participates in this project). Article prepared: Telenkova I. V., Frolova E. D. Features of the development of the R & D link in the pharmaceutical GTS / Collection of reports of the international conference "Russian regions in the focus of changes". Yekaterinburg: UrFU. - 2019. pp. 39-41. Access mode: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42847950.

Объем магистерской диссертации 125 страниц основного текста, для иллюстрации использованы 16 таблиц, 10 рисунков и приложения. Библиографический список состоит из 84 источников. Актуальность темы магистерской диссертации связана с тем, что, во-первых, глобальные цепочки стоимости определили особенности развития мировой экономики с начала 2000 годов и во-вторых существует дефицит исследований на выбранную тему. Цель данного исследования заключается в выявлении факторов и оценке эффектов от участия стран в глобальных цепочках стоимости. В соответствии с выбранной целью в работе были поставлены следующие задачи: выявить факторы, влияющие на интеграцию стран в глобальные цепочки стоимости; систематизировать эффекты от участия стран в глобальных цепочках стоимости; провести обзор эмпирических исследований по детерминантам ГЦС; предложить методический подход к оценке эффектов от интеграции стран в глобальные цепочки стоимости; провести эконометрическое моделирование стран в глобальных цепочках стоимости; разработать рекомендации для государственной политики в контексте интеграции стран в глобальные цепочки стоимости. К научной новизне можно отнести проведение комплексного исследования и детального анализа глобальных цепочек стоимости и выявление ключевых факторов и эффектов от участия стран в глобальных цепочках стоимости с помощью эконометрических методов работы с панельными данными. Практическая значимость магистерской работы состоит в возможности использования обозначенных в работе рекомендаций и других результатов для стимулирования существенного роста уровня вовлеченности стран в участие в глобальных цепочках стоимости и, соответственно, принося странам экономические выгоды. / The volume of the master's thesis is 125 pages of the main text, 16 tables, 10 figures and the appendix are used to illustrate. The bibliographic list consists of 74 sources. The relevance of the research of the topic master's thesis is due to the fact that, firstly, global value chains have determined the features of the development of the world economy since the beginning of 2000, and secondly, there is a shortage of research on the chosen topic. The purpose of the research: to identify factors and assess the effects of countries participation in global value chains. In accordance with the chosen of the purpose of the research is the following tasks in the work: to identify factors affecting the integration of countries into global value chains; to systematize the effects of countries participation in global value chains; to review empirical studies on the determinants of GVC; to propose a methodological approach to assessing the effects of countries integration into global value chains; to conduct econometric modeling of countries in global value chains; develop recommendations for public policy in the context of the integration of countries into global value chains. The scientific novelty can be attributed to conducting a comprehensive study and detailed analysis of global value chains and identifying key factors and effects of countries participation in global value chains using econometric methods of working with panel data. The practical significance of the research is determined to the possibility of using the recommendations outlined in the work and other results to stimulate a significant increase in the level of involvement of countries in participating in global value chains and, accordingly, bringing economic benefits to countries.