Community college boards of trustees are faced with the awesome responsibility of governing complex systems and responding to conventional organizational challenges. One Texas board of trustees was faced with the inconceivable challenge of regaining the trust of its district and the community after questionable circumstances surrounding the resignation of the chancellor, indictments of two board members and the former chairman of the board, and other behavior that although not illegal, was unethical and morally corrupt. This study looks at the transformation of a community college board over a two-year period, from a state of organizational disarray to seeking community support for a $450 million bond package. The research chronicles the transition by comparing and contrasting the accounts of what transpired, with the principles of chaos theory, transformational leadership and the John Carver Policy Governance® Model. For an entity in organizational chaos, a commitment to transform is needed to ultimately reach the point where it can adopt governance principles to provide the foundation for effective leadership, such as those espoused by the Carver model. Change must occur and the success or failure of an organization or system depends on how effective the leadership is at identifying challenges and working with them to create opportunities. When an organization approaches chaos and the need for changes with trepidation, progress and success are improbable. It is the understanding that order emerges from chaos that leads to a renewed mindset; a mindset that looks beyond traditional structures and embraces flexibility, innovation and creativity. The resolve of the trustees to regain public trust and support has served as the impetus to implement the changes needed to govern the district effectively. / text

nÃo hà / O movimento de incubadoras de empresas no Brasil teve inÃcio na dÃcada de 80 e a literatura aponta sua solidez nos Ãltimos dez anos. As incubadoras de empresas fornecem subsÃdios na preparaÃÃo de novos empreendimentos, favorecem a disseminaÃÃo de uma cultura empreendedora, estimulando o desenvolvimento e crescimento de novos e pequenos negÃcios. Neste sentido, sÃo formadas as redes de incubadoras, que tÃm uma funÃÃo executiva junto ao conjunto de incubadoras. Na rede de incubadoras, ocorre um relacionamento sinÃrgico entre as incubadoras, em prol da eficiÃncia destas, que resulta em empresas incubadas de maior competitividade. EntÃo, pode-se conjecturar que uma rede de incubadoras contribui efetivamente para que o objetivo das incubadoras de empresas seja alcanÃado. Para tanto, à necessÃrio que a rede seja capaz de fazer com que um conjunto de organizaÃÃes ligadas entre si desenvolva aÃÃes cooperativas no longo prazo, voltadas ao alcance de determinados objetivos comuns e/ou complementares. Estudos sinalizam que uma rede de incubadoras pode ser operacionalizada a partir de um modelo de governanÃa, que representa a forma como os objetivos da rede de incubadoras devem ser alcanÃados, sendo inclusive identificados alguns modelos de governanÃa adotados em incubadoras, parques tecnolÃgicos e redes de incubadoras. A adoÃÃo de princÃpios de governanÃa pelas redes de incubadoras pode melhorar o nÃvel de transparÃncia e comunicaÃÃo dos responsÃveis pela gerÃncia com as partes interessadas, alÃm de gerar valor para a instituiÃÃo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em verificar a aderÃncia da Rede de Incubadoras de Empresas do Cearà (RIC) a um modelo teÃrico de governanÃa para redes de incubadoras. A RIC tem a finalidade de promover o desenvolvimento integrado entre as empresas inovadoras, atravÃs das incubadoras de empresas, parques tecnolÃgicos e programas de incubaÃÃo. Desta forma, trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratÃria, de natureza qualitativa, realizada atravÃs de um estudo de caso Ãnico, sendo os dados primÃrios obtidos por meio da aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrios e em reuniÃes junto aos sujeitos sociais da pesquisa que sÃo a Presidente da RIC e os gestores de sete das oito incubadoras associadas à rede, entre setembro de 2012 e marÃo de 2013. Com base na investigaÃÃo realizada, constatou-se que o perfil das incubadoras associadas à rede revela consonÃncia com os resultados da pesquisa nacional da ANPROTEC (2012), o que diverge do esperado inicialmente, tendo em vista que o movimento de incubadoras no Estado do Cearà à recente e ainda incipiente. Os resultados demonstram que a RIC adere a alguns princÃpios de governanÃa corporativa, como a equidade e a responsabilidade corporativa, segundo a percepÃÃo dos gestores das incubadoras associadas. Conclui-se, portanto, que apesar da RIC nÃo possuir nenhum modelo estruturado de governanÃa atà o momento, a rede adere parcialmente ao modelo teÃrico de governanÃa para redes de incubadoras. Contudo, a rede, como agente de governanÃa, pode otimizar seu relacionamento com seus stakeholders voluntÃrios e especialmente involuntÃrios â representados no modelo pelas incubadoras associadas, empresas incubadas e empresas graduadas â, com vistas à maior competitividade da rede com o aumento do nÃvel de confianÃa existente entre os atores.

Emerging technologies have changed the environment of global competition; many IT-firms are adapting new trends of offshore software development to attain latest and low costs services. This research report is aimed to fill the literature void on application outsourcing governance and emphasize on the components critical for a successful application outsourcing governance model. The research is conducted on a service-buyer IT-firm which forwards software development assignments to its vendors locally as well as globally. Research employs qualitative method where social constructivist philosophical worldview is used to gain practical understanding of participants’ viewpoints on the research topic; research uses inductive approach which is intended at theory building. Three types of interview methods are used for data collection; analytical process of Grounded Theory is used to analyze the data systemically. GT coding technique is used to code collected data into different concepts by constant comparison and by asking questions; similar concepts are gathered under different categories. One core category and seven key categories are emerged from the data; these categories represent the key components of application outsourcing governance model. Finally, these components integrate in order to form application outsourcing governance framework for successful deliveries of application outsourcing projects.

Catholic parochial elementary schools in the United states are normally governed by the pastor of the local parish and under a local-executive governance model. Despite pastors’ paramount role in the governance of Catholic parochial elementary schools they often lack the training, interest, or time to fulfill their roles. This qualitative study explored pastors’ perspectives on the local-executive governance model, where governance of the school is local and the pastor is the sole executive of the school. This dissertation included interviews with nine pastors in a diocese on the west coast of the United States. The study explored how pastors’ view their roles at their parochial schools. The pastors were asked about their views on their spiritual, education, and managerial roles at their parochial schools. Findings indicated that pastors enjoyed their spiritual roles at their schools but chose to delegate many of their financial, human, and academic responsibilities to the school principal. The findings supported the need for Catholic schools to explore other options in school governance beyond the local-executive governance model and to shift more authority from pastors to qualified laypersons.

本篇論文主要論點有三，分述如下： （一）在相似的統合治理結構中，制度內的差異造成了統合治理模式運作成效的不同，也導致相異的經濟發展、勞動市場與社會福利表現。特別是國家治理能力與社會治理能力上的差異。就業改革成功的重要因素是國家在改革過程中發揮高度的國家治理能力，促使社會伙伴締結以改革為導向的社會契約，並且化解分配聯盟抵制的難題，進行制度與政策的改革。 （二）高度統合治理模式促成了高度經濟成長、失業率的降低與總體就業的增加。相對的，當統合治理模式退化時，就會導致經濟成長降低與遲緩，失業率升高與總體就業增長不足的情形。因此，統合治理模式與經濟表現、勞動市場之間存在著高度的相關性。但統合治理模式與社會安全支出之間的關係取決於政黨政治的中介影響。政黨擴張社會安全支出以爭取選民的支持，特別是爭取勞工階級的支持。惟在失業率高漲與福利國家危機之際，政黨都會採取社會安全支出的合理化的政策。 （三）統合治理制度調適的可能，在於啟動良性循環來促進與維持高度統合模式。經濟成長與低失業率都得力於高度的統合治理模式。高度國家治理能力，協助勞資社會伙伴重整利益匯集的代表性組織，並授與社會行政管理權力與參與經濟社會政策制定的門徑，達成了高度的統合結構的制度整合。同時高度的社會共識源自於國家與社會伙伴之間的社會伙伴精神與主導經濟發展與社會分配的意識型態確立，也相當程度地反映在當時和諧的勞資關係上，糾合了統合治理所需的社會性支持。高度制度性治理與社會性支持的統合治理模式促成了那一時期內經濟快速成長與低失業率。

I den här dokumentanalysen har offentliga verksamheters medarbetar- och ledarpolicys analyserats i syfte att genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys undersöka hur tillit och styrning uttrycks i policy. Utifrån syftet togs två forskningsfrågor fram: 1) Om och i så fall på vilket sätt är tillit synligt i dessa policys? 2) Vem är chefen och vem är medarbetaren i dessa dokument? För att besvara syftet analyserades 15 policys från kommuner, regioner och statliga verksamheter. Resultatet visar att tillit är synligt genom att verksamheterna utgår från kärnverksamheterna och att medarbetarens kompetenser lyfts fram som viktiga verktyg för att nå nöjda kunder och leverera en bra välfärd. Enlig policyerna är medarbetarna professionella genom att vara en ansvarstagande medskapare som är rak och tydlig med sina medarbetare och har kunden i centrum. Ledaren i verksamheterna är lyhörda genom tydlighet i sin kommunikation, de är måluppfyllare och möjliggörare samtidigt som de agerar som förebilder för sina medarbetare och har tillit till deras förmågor. / In this document analysis, public sector employees and management policies have been analyzed in order to investigate how trust and leadership are expressed in policy through a qualitative content analysis. Based on the purpose, two research questions were raised: 1) If and if so, in what way is thrustbased leadership visible in these policies? 2) Who is the manager and who is the co-worker in these documents? To answer the purpose, 15 different policies from municipalities, regions and government agencies were analyzed. The result shows that trust is visible through the fact that the operations are based on the core operations and the co-workers skills are highlighted as important tools for reaching satisfied customers and delivering good welfare. In accordance with the policies, the co-workers are professional by being a responsible co-creator who is straightforward and clear with their coworkers and has the customer at the center. The leaders are responsive in the operations and clear in their communication, they are goal fulfillers and enablers while at the same time acting as role models for their employees and having confidence in their abilities.

This dissertation explores governance of national sports organizations (NSOs) in the Czech Republic and thus reflects contemporary course of events in the Czech sport. The aim of the dissertation is to explore governance of Czech NSOs with special focus on governance structure and transparency. Particularly, the dissertation examines compliance of Czech NSOs with codes of good governance and determines relations between governance structure, transparency and effectiveness of Czech NSOs. Mixed method approach was used in equal status sequential design (QUANT -> QUAL) Firstly, content analysis of websites of 67 Czech NSOs was conducted. The analysis allowed to determine the level of transparency and also provided variables for quantitative part of the study. Purposive sampling was used to choose nine NSOs where subsequent interviews with a CEO or a head of the board were done. And finally, quantitative data survey was conducted in 67 NSOs using phone interviews and e-mail survey. The quantitative data were processed using MS Excel and SPSS and, hypotheses were tested using standard statistical tests. The results are presented in three chapters. First, applicability of five elementary approaches to effectiveness is presented and combination of goal attainment and system resource approach is implemented. Second, governance structure of NSOs is analysed revealing substantially higher variability of governance models in comparison with theoretical presumptions. Moreover, a new framework of governance structure classification was developed. Third, transparency was identified as the most notable principal. Results reveal very low level of the transparency within Czech NSOs and explore the sources and impact of low transparency. For instance, more transparent NSOs are more effective using system resource approach. Overall, the dissertation provides a new deep insight into Czech NSOs governance and brings numerous recommendations for Czech NSOs.

Thesis (Phd. (Education Management )) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014 / The dawn of democracy in South Africa resulted in an emphasis on the involvement and participation of stakeholders in decision-making processes. At public higher education institutions, involvement and participation were guaranteed by the enactment of the Higher Education Act 101 of 1997. This Act provides that co-operative governance should be practiced in the governance of public higher education institutions. Students are stakeholders in higher education institutions. This means that according to the Act, students ought to be represented in the governance of public higher education institutions. The representation of students in university governance became a new phenomenon in the democratic South Africa. This thesis explored the involvement and participation of student representative councils in the co-operative governance of South African higher education institutions. It evaluated the role and effect of SRCs in the co-operative governance of public higher education institutions in South Africa. Following the merging of these institutions, universities have multi campuses, all of which need to be represented in the universities Managements through SRCs. This study employed the QUAN-Qual (explanatory) mixed methods design which included the use of a questionnaire and in-depth, open-ended, semi-structured interviews. The sample for the study was made up of hundred and fifty-three respondents and nine interviewees from three types of South African higher education institutions. The quantitative part of this study investigated the nexus between the involvement and participation of SRCs in co-operative governance at public higher education institutions. The correlation between SRCs’ perception of participation and co-operative governance was also examined. The study also explored the SRCs’ perception of the implementation of co-operative governance at different universities types. The qualitative part of the study investigated perception of the nature of co-operative governance the SRCs at different universities. It also examined perceptions regarding whether participatory democracy was practiced at universities, v challenges experienced in the governance of universities and what the SRCs thought should be done to address those challenges. The study found that SRC members feel that they are both involved and also participate in the governance of public higher education institutions in South Africa. This was further enhanced by research hypotheses that revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the SRCs’ perception of their involvement and participation in university governance and their perception of the implementation of co-operative governance in the South African higher education institutions. Although SRC members feel that they are involved and that they participate in co-operative governance, interviews have revealed that they experience the following problems:  SRC members have annual budget deficits at their universities and as a result, they fail to fulfill their mandates by the student body.  SRCs find it difficult to deal with the challenges pertaining to multi-campus set-ups in their institutions.  The existence of student political structures contributes to ideological differences amongst SRC members. This affects effective student governance at universities.  The capacity building of SRC members at higher education institutions is not adequately addressed by managements of these institutions. The researcher recommends that it is important that HEIs adhere to the HE Act 101 of 1997, as amended. Adherence to the Act will ensure that there is compliance with the law and will minimise the chances for HEIs to be placed under administration. The managements of universities and SRCs need to co-operate in order to ensure that co-operative governance in HEIs is effectively implemented. Workshops and meetings are held at universities between SRCs and managements regarding issues of co-operative governance. SRCs need to involve themselves in national and international student activities in order for them to gain knowledge and skills about student governance. The researcher designed a multi-campus student governance model that will effectively deal with the challenges mentioned above.

Submitted by Cristiano Grimaldi (cristiano.grimaldi@petrobras.com.br) on 2014-05-05T22:17:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese MEX FGV 2014_Cristiano_pós banca_v3_protegido.pdf: 2260317 bytes, checksum: b9698f6188661977e8a68e2d4452f237 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2014-05-06T13:10:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese MEX FGV 2014_Cristiano_pós banca_v3_protegido.pdf: 2260317 bytes, checksum: b9698f6188661977e8a68e2d4452f237 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-05-07T13:18:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese MEX FGV 2014_Cristiano_pós banca_v3_protegido.pdf: 2260317 bytes, checksum: b9698f6188661977e8a68e2d4452f237 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-07T13:18:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese MEX FGV 2014_Cristiano_pós banca_v3_protegido.pdf: 2260317 bytes, checksum: b9698f6188661977e8a68e2d4452f237 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Decisões são tomadas de diversas formas e em todos os momentos, mas foi o francês Henry Fayol que propôs um modelo estruturado para essa tomada de decisão, definindo o papel dos dirigentes e suas responsabilidades na administração da empresa. No desenvolvimento do trabalho, foram estudados diversos modelos de processo decisório, como o modelo clássico racionalista, o modelo da racionalidade limitada, o modelo político, as coalizões envolvidas no processo, teorias de responsabilidade social corporativa, teorias de governança corporativa, entre outros. À luz destes modelos e baseado na missão da Petrobras, de ser uma empresa segura e rentável, o autor faz uma suposição e enquadra o processo decisório da empresa no modelo clássico racionalista, focado na maximização dos lucros e resultados. Devido ao tamanho da empresa e à diversidade de assuntos para a tomada de decisão, o autor foca seus estudos na área de Abastecimento da Petrobras e analisa o processo de tomada de decisão para o aumento dos preços dos combustíveis, com o objetivo de avaliar a veracidade da sua suposição. A metodologia de pesquisa é baseada em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e investigação documental para avaliar se o modelo de tomada de decisão é realmente racional, ou se existem influências ou fatores externos que levam a um novo modelo de processo decisório. Após comparar o modelo racional com os dados e realizações da empresa, o autor faz uma triangulação de métodos, incluindo uma pesquisa de campo para avaliar a percepção dos gestores e stakeholders sobre o modelo de tomada de decisão da empresa. O autor entrevista 11 funcionários da Petrobras e 10 stakeholders externos com o intuito de coletar percepções sobre o processo decisório da Cia., finalizando com uma análise qualitativa dos dados baseada na técnica de análise de conteúdo. Com os resultados da pesquisa, o autor comprova, por meio de documentos da empresa, que a Diretoria Executiva da Petrobras é a responsável pela aprovação da política de preços da Cia. Dentre os fatores de influência no processo decisório da empresa, a inflação foi a de maior destaque, mostrando o viés político na relação entre o governo e a empresa. A política de preços da Cia. continua sendo de médio e longo prazo, acarretando em prejuízos no curto prazo para a área de Abastecimento da Petrobras. Após alcançar todos os objetivos intermediários do trabalho, o autor conclui que a suposição inicial é falsa e que o processo decisório para o aumento dos preços dos combustíveis na Petrobras se aproxima muito mais dos modelos de racionalidade limitada e político, com enfoque nos stakeholders e na competitividade do que do modelo clássico racionalista. / Decisions are taken on several manners and at all times, but it was the French Henry Fayol who proposed a structured model for this decision-making process, defining the roll of directors and its responsibilities on the administration of the companies. On the development of this paper, several models of decision-making processes were analyzed, such as the rationalist classical model, the model of bounded rationality, the political model, coalitions involved in the process, theories of corporate social responsibility, corporate governance theories, among others. In the light of these models and based on Petrobras’ mission of being a safe and profitable company, the author makes an assumption and puts the decision-making process of the company on the rationalist classical model, focused on the maximization of profits and results. Due to the size of the company and the diversity of issues for the decision-making, the author focuses his studies in the Supply area of Petrobras and analyses the decision-making process for the increase of the prices of fuels, aiming at evaluating the veracity of his assumption. The research methodology is based on a bibliographical research and documents investigation in order to check if the decision-making model is really rational or if there are external influences or factors that lead to a new model of decision-making process. After comparing the rational model with data and accomplishments of the company, the author makes a connection of methods, including a field research to evaluate the perception of managers and stakeholders regarding the decision-making model of the company. The author interviews 11 employees of Petrobras and 10 external stakeholders aiming to collect perceptions on the decision-making process of the company, concluding this paper with a qualitative analysis of the data based on the content analysis technique. Using the results of the research, the author proves through documents of the company that the Executive Board of Petrobras is responsible for the approval of the prices policy of the company. Among other influence factor on the decision-making process of the company, inflation was the most remarkable one, showing the political bias on the relation between the government and the company. The prices policy of the company continues to be medium and long-term, causing losses at short-term for the Supply area of Petrobras. After reaching all mediatory objectives of this paper, the author concludes that the initial assumption is false and that the decision-making process for the increase of the prices of fuels in Petrobras resembles the models of limited rationality and policy, focused more on the stakeholders and on the competitiveness than on the rationalist classical model.

Les pays de l’UEMOA ont recours depuis quelques années aux Partenariats Public-Privé (PPP) pour faire face à une demande en infrastructures publiques loin d’être satisfaite par le seul budget de l’Etat. Au-delà des difficultés financières, il s’avère difficile de construire des modèles de gouvernance durables et socialement acceptables pour conduire ces processus. Ainsi notre problématique concerne l’indentification des modèles adéquats de gouvernance des PPP dans le contexte des pays de l’UEMOA. Le cadre théorique mobilisé à cet effet s’inspire de la théorie des coûts de transaction, de la théorie de l’agence, du nouveau management public et des contributions récentes à l’analyse des modèles de gouvernance de PPP. Ainsi, une grille d’analyse des données empiriques composée de quatre macro-dimensions (exogène, organisationnelle, projet et qualité du service) est déduite. Dans une posture du constructiviste pragmatique, une méthodologie qualitative basée sur deux études de cas a été privilégiée. La collecte des données, effectuée en deux phases séparées d’un an, a permis l’analyse de régularités. 42 entretiens semi-directifs, auprès des acteurs impliqués dans deux processus PPP, ont été réalisés. Il s’agit du Programme de Vérification des Importations- Nouvelle Génération (PVI-NG) au Bénin et du pont Henri Konan Bédié d’Abidjan en Côte D’Ivoire. Le traitement et l’analyse des données sont effectués à l’aide du logiciel N’vivo. Certes, l’analyse des résultats a permis d’identifier trois modèles (coercitif, normatif/mimétique et participatif) de gouvernance de PPP ; mais dans la pratique, c’est à une combinaison, des trois modèles, dosée selon le PPP qu’on assiste. Un système propositionnel de 28 principes relatifs aux trois modèles est déduit pour améliorer le management des processus PPP. / Recently, WAEMU countries have been using PPPs to meet the demand for public infrastructure which is far from being met by the state budget alone. Added to financial difficulties, difficulties in building sustainable and socially acceptable governance models for these public projects are faced. Thus, our problem concerns the identification of adequate models of PPP governance in WAEMU context. The theoretical framework mobilized for this purpose is based on the theory of transaction costs, agency theory, new public management and recent contributions to the analysis of PPP governance models. Thus, an empirical data analysis grid composed of four macro-dimensions (exogenous, organizational, project and quality of service) is deduced. In a pragmatic constructivist posture, a qualitative methodology based on two case studies was favored. The data collection, carried out in two separate phases of one year, allowed the analysis of patterns. 42 semi-directive interviews were conducted with stakeholders involved in two PPP processes. These are the New Generation-Import Verification Program (PVI-NG) in Benin and the Henri Konan Bédié Bridge in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Data processing and analysis is carried out using the N'vivo software. The results highlight three PPP governance models: coercive, normative / mimetic and participatory; but in practice, it is a combination of the three models, assayed according to the PPP. A propositional system of 28 principles relating to the three models is deduced to improve the PPP processes management.