(in English) This dissertation explores the notions of guilt and wrongdoing in the context of contemporary analytic ethics. It draws upon the critique, advanced in the second half of the 20th century, of a one-sided interest in episodic action and its rightness or wrongness. Thanks to the revival of virtue ethics during this time, the subject matter of ethics was extended to take account of human character and human life as such. As a result, the domain of moral psychology and of contingent aspects of moral experience started to be explored again. This development in ethics is outlined in the first chapter and the second chapter addresses the impact of this changed understanding of ethics upon our conception of moral judgment and responsibility. I suggest that the concept of responsibility divides in two: responsibility for the agent's (inner) fault and responsibility for the wrongdoing itself. Whereas the remainder of chapter two deals with the former, the rest of the thesis focuses upon the latter i.e. upon responsibility for the wrongdoing and upon two problems which are generated by the intricate bearing of luck and contingency on the concept of responsibility. The first of these problems concerns the relation of the person to her guilt. Guilt arises through a condemnable action for which the...

Mémoire en recherche-création / L’écriture implique invariablement le désir de dire, sans pour autant aboutir à un aveu. Mais, lorsque cet aveu constitue la source ou l’obsession de l’écriture, l’acte de dire ou de taire transcende le texte, matérialisant ainsi l’aveu lui-même. Ce mémoire de maîtrise en recherche-création s’intéresse à ce geste de révélation scripturale qui suit un événement traumatique, à partir des idées avancées par Michel Foucault dans l’Histoire de la sexualité, ouvrage publié en quatre tomes entre 1976 et 2018 . Le moteur de l’aveu au cœur de la création réside dans la culpabilité de la narratrice associée à la mort accidentelle de son père, mais un désir contraire freine cet élan, celui de passer sous silence la vérité, de celer l’histoire à raconter. C’est un texte composé de fragments, un collage hétérogène qui hésite non seulement à paraître, mais dans sa manière de paraître. L’essai quant à lui porte sur Les fous de Bassan d’Anne Hébert, roman où l’aveu est motivé par un sentiment de responsabilité né du double assassinat des cousines Atkins et partagé entre les membres de leur communauté, soit celle de Griffin Creek, lieu imaginaire situé sur la côte de la Gaspésie. Outre le sujet de l’aveu, les deux parties de ce mémoire croiseront les mêmes chemins – dont ceux de la hantise, de la foi et de la folie – pour cependant parvenir à des destinations différentes. / The act of writing invariably implies a desire to say without necessarily resulting in a confession. However, when the desire to confess constitutes the main motivation for writing, or even an obsession, the act of saying or hushing transcends the text, materialising the confession itself. This master’s thesis in Research-Creation looks at this gesture of scriptural revelation following a traumatic event, basing itself on ideas put forward by Michel Foucault in The History of Sexuality, a work published in four tomes between 1976 and 2018 . In the creation part, the guilt associated with the accidental death of the narrator’s father acts as the primary motive of confession but a contradictory desire of silencing and sealing the truth puts a halt to this impulse. The text is composed of fragments, a heterogeneous collage hesitating not only to reveal itself, but in its way to do it. The essay on the other hand, focuses on Anne Hébert’s Les fous de Bassan in which confession is motivated by a feeling of responsibility towards the double murder of the Atkins cousins, shared between the different members of Griffin Creek’s small imagined community, located somewhere on the Gaspesian Coast. Beside confession, the two parts of this thesis will intersect through many themes – notably haunting memories, faith and madness –, ultimately ending in different destinations.

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The aim of this study is to bridge the gap between two emotions, guilt, and shame, and their interplay with perceived physical, psychological, social, and emotional well-being among healthy adults. Hence, we set out to examine how guilt and shame relate to health-related quality of life. To reach this conclusion, the study examines 5 hypotheses based on gender, culture, and the general population. In addition, the study explores coping strategies some may employ. The study sample population was drawn from South Africa and Europe (n = 85, average age = 33 years, 60% women, 38.8% men, and 1.2% other). An online survey based on the validated GSQ-8 and SF-36v questionnaires was used to collect the data. Results of the study have concluded that there is a negative relationship between HRQOL and guilt and shame and that guilt and shame have a negative relationship with Health-related quality of life, indicating that individuals who experience a great deal of guilt or shame will suffer from a reduction in quality of life, and vice versa. Therefore, Guilt and Shame appear to have a positive correlation with HRQOL subscales. Shame and Guilt scores did not differ significantly by gender. It is imperative that future research studies include a broader sample and a more comprehensive analysis of causal factors. Feelings of guilt and shame can be powerful motivators, but when they can become a silent burden that weighs us down, leading to decreased quality of life and a range of negative health outcomes. / Syftet med denna studie är att överbrygga klyftan mellan två känslor, skuld och skam, och deras samspel med upplevd fysisk, psykologisk, social och emotionell välbefinnande bland friska vuxna. Därför bestämde vi oss för att undersöka hur skuld och skam relaterar till hälsorelaterad livskvalitet. För att nå denna slutsats undersöker studien 5 hypoteser baserade på kön, kultur och den allmänna befolkningen. Dessutom undersöker studien hanteringsstrategier som vissa kan använda. Studieprovpopulationen drogs från Sydafrika och Väst- och Sydeuropa (n = 85, medelålder = 33 år, 60% kvinnor, 38.8% män och 1.2% andra). En online-undersökning baserad på de validerade GSQ-8- och SF-36v-frågeformulären användes för att samla in data. Resultaten av studien har dragit slutsatsen att det finns ett negativt samband mellan HRQOL och skuld och skam och att skuld och skam har ett negativt samband med hälsorelaterad livskvalitet, vilket indikerar att individer som upplever mycket skuld eller skam kommer att drabbas av en minskning av livskvaliteten och vice versa. Därför verkar skuld och skam ha en positiv korrelation med HRQOL-delskalor. Skam- och skuldpoäng skilde sig inte signifikant efter kön. Det är absolut nödvändigt att framtida forskningsstudier inkluderar ett bredare urval och en mer omfattande analys av orsaksfaktorer. Känslor av skuld och skam kan vara kraftfulla motivatorer, men när de kan bli en tyst börda som tynger oss, vilket leder till minskad livskvalitet och en rad negativa hälsoutfall.

In his celebrated 2007 novel El mundo, Juan José Millás tells the story of the development of Juanjo, a simulacrum of himself, and describes a series of negative developments that the protagonist faces in his childhood. While much has been written about Millás and the “testimonial realism” of his literary generation, little has been written about the psychological factors that influence his characters. In this paper I analyze Juanjo's development as understood from the gradation of guilt to shame, depression, and later suicidal thoughts. Because Juanjo is not able to find an appropriate mechanism of release for his guilt, he spirals into an ever-increasing psychological distress. Thus, his actions do not become an escape per se from the oppressive forces in Spain; but rather, they are mechanisms of delay caused by the subconscious effects of living under Franco's Spain during the 1950s. Mike Wilson-Reginato's first novel El púgil, published in 2007, mixes intertextual references to music, film, and literature to craft a space for the posthuman identity. The two protagonists of El púgil—Art and his olive-green refrigerator, Hal—combine in a new cyborg-like formation. Unlike the cyborg envisioned by Donna Haraway in “A Cyborg Manifesto,” the mechanical-biological union never takes place at the corporeal level, but their union occurs in a psychological dimension within Art's hallucination. To describe the union of Art and Hal, I use Jacques Lacan's concept of the mirror stage to explain Art's adoption of a perceived superior identity and Jean Baudrillard's study of simulacra to show how this adopted identity is an imagined simulacrum. Thus, the combined image of the two characters creates a cyborg identity that erases the distance between man and machine.

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Doping has serious negative consequences for athletes and the integrity of sports, implying the need for effective prevention programs. Since educating young athletes about doping-related knowledge is deemed to be not sufficiently effective to minimize doping, a focus on values, emotions and morality is seen as a promising approach and previous research indicates which variables exactly could be addressed in anti-doping efforts. These variables are anticipated guilt, empathy, moral disengagement, and collective moral norms, since these constructs have been strongly and consistently linked to doping intention, likelihood, or behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a values-based anti-doping intervention, which targets the aforementioned variables, and to evaluate its effectiveness in producing changes in outcomes in comparison to an information-based intervention and a waiting control group. To evaluate their effectiveness, both interventions, which each consist of six 45-min sessions (one session per week) were implemented in a sample of 321 young elite athletes, aged 13–19 years, from a broad range of team and individual sports. Thirty different teams, training groups or classes were randomly assigned to either the values-based intervention, the information-based intervention, or to a waiting control group. Doping intention, doping susceptibility as well as the above mentioned variables were assessed at pre- and posttest and, for participants of the values- and information-based conditions also at a 3 to 4-month follow up. Within a multilevel modeling framework general linear mixed regression analyses revealed that the values-based intervention, compared to the control group, was able to decrease athletes' moral disengagement and increase their anticipated guilt immediately after the intervention (at posttest), whereas no effects for the information-based intervention emerged. Looking at how the outcomes developed over time (i.e., at the follow up measurement), it could be demonstrated that the reduction in moral disengagement sustained. The increase in anticipated guilt, however, was not sustainable and, surprisingly, decreased from post to follow up. Furthermore, athletes in the values-based intervention reported higher empathy from post to follow up, which could possibly indicate a “delayed” effect. This study provides support that a values-based approach can produce changes in some, yet, not all addressed variables and specific elements from this intervention could potentially be a useful addition to traditional anti-doping education (i.e., information provision).

Pet humanization leads to false analogies between animal and human needs. The animals are distorted into something they are not and treated accordingly, which leads to misunderstandings and mismanagement of animals. Compensating one's cat with cat toys as a result of guilt over insufficient interactive play is a case example. Compensation does not take into account the cat's attitude and perception of play as interactive play is irreplaceable for the cat's well-being. The study posed the question How can design create critical reflection of human relationships with cats in regard to feelings of guilt over cat ownership and compensation? With the aim of freeing consumption from the idea of the cat's welfare. The research question was answered with a design proposal consisting of an artifact that depicts a future alternative human-cat relationship. The artifact was produced through a design process based on speculative and multispecies design theory and method. Horizon scanning together with a literature search was used to create a credible future alternative human-cat relationship that highlights and reconciles species differences by emphasizing the cat as an animal. Somatic research and a survey was used to make interactions less rigid as a way to facilitate and support interactive play. Prototyping with a cat was used to ensure satisfactory interactive play was facilitated

This thesis examines the reactions to the Hamas attack on 7 October 2023 on the political left. The focus is on understanding how the German left’s responses differ from those of the global left and the extent to which these differences are influenced by the concept of "German guilt." The study employs content analysis of social media statements, guided by theoretical insights from Karl Jaspers' notion of metaphysical guilt and Moishe Postone's critique of violence against civilians. The findings reveal a distinct divergence in responses: while the German left uniformly condemned the violence, the global left displayed a wider range of reactions, including significant support framed as “resistance”. This thesis suggests that beneath the apparent national or ethnic differences, there lies a more fundamental divide grounded in Postone’s critique of the left’s approach to violence against civilians as a legitimate means to achieve progressive goals.