<p>The significance of early modern Bible translation cannot be overstated, but its “breadth, and length, and depth, and height” have often been understated (King James Version, Ephesians 3.18). In this study, I use three representative case studies of very different types of translation to create a more dynamic understanding of actual Bible translation practices in early modern England. These studies examine not only the translations themselves but also the ways that the translation choices they contain interacted with early modern readers. </p><p><br></p> <p>The introductory Chapter One outlines the history of translation and of Bible translation more specifically. It also summarizes the states of the fields into which this work falls, Translation Studies and Religion and Literature. It articulates the overall scope and goals of the project, which are not to do something entirely new, per se, but rather to use a new framework to update the work that has already been done on early modern English Bible translation. Chapter Two presents a case study in formal interlingual translation that analyzes a specific word-level translation choice in the King James Version (KJV) to demonstrate the politics involved even in seemingly minor translation choices. Chapter Three treats the intermedial translation of the Book of Psalms in the Sternhold and Hopkins psalter. By using the language and meter of the populace and using specific translation choices to accommodate the singing rather than reading of the Psalms, the Sternhold and Hopkins psalter facilitates a more active and participatory experience for popular worshippers in early modern England. Finally, Chapter Four analyzes John Milton’s literary translation in <i>Paradise Lost </i>and establishes it as a spiritual and cultural authority along the lines of formal interlingual translations. If we consider this translation as an authoritative one, Milton’s personal theology expressed therein becomes a potential theological model for readers as well. </p> <p><br></p><p>By creating a more flexible understanding of what constitutes an authoritative translation in early modern England, this study expands the possibilities for the theological, interpretive, and practical applications of biblical texts, which touched not only early modern readers but left their legacies for modern readers of all kinds as well. </p>

In his Defence of Poetry (c. 1580), Philip Sidney argues that poetry—a category in which he includes all imaginative fiction—aims at the education of its readers. Archepollycyes studies the attempts of a loose group of sixteenth-century writers around Sidney to write fiction that lives up to this aim, in order to understand the methods they developed to educate readers and the relationship between this education and the politics of the monarchical state. Sidnean fiction demands long study on the part of its readers because it aims to transform their mental habits and create new internal resources for right action. The works of fiction I study here—Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton’s Gorboduc, George Buchanan’s Baptistes, Sidney’s Arcadia, Mary Sidney Herbert’s Antonius and A Discourse of Life and Death, and Fulke Greville’s Mustapha—were products of their authors’ experiments with genre, narrative, translation, and style as tools to achieve this aim. Through the reading experience these works invite, readers exercise their judgment in the interpretation of fictional examples and reflect explicitly on the mental habits of generalization and application that inform decisions about how to act in new circumstances. Readers also come to see these habits of judgment as shared with others and experience the act of reading as participation in both real and imagined interpretive communities. I argue that these interpretive communities are best understood as loose political institutions, networks of organization and affiliation whose members could think and act together through common habits of judgment and the mutual resolution that results from recognizing this commonality. I adopt the term “archepollycyes” from Gabriel Harvey in order to describe the role of such institutions in monarchical politics. Harvey coins the term to describe the foundational forms of political knowledge, action, and organization, in contrast to the day-to-day work of government and the business of political rule. “Archepollycyes” hold a political community together in spite of changes in its ruler or government; understanding and creating such institutions was thus a means of responding to the escalating crises of succession, absolutism, and civil war that confronted early modern monarchies. By reading and writing fiction, I argue, Sidney and a broader network of writers aimed to act at a distance from contemporary political conflicts by founding “archepollycyes,” loose institutions capable of acting independent of the monarchical state and outside of existing structures of government, but on behalf of the long-term stability of a political community. In this way, I offer a new way of thinking about fiction and political institution in relation to the contested emergence of the modern sovereign state.

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Le travail identitaire (TI) réfère aux actions par lesquelles des personnes (re)créent, présentent, précisent et préservent les constructions qui donnent un sens cohérent et distinct au soi. À cet égard, notre objectif de recherche était d’exposer les nuances de ce travail discursif à l’œuvre dans la conversation in situ, considérant que cela est encore aujourd’hui un des « chaînons manquants » à la littérature sur le TI. La dynamique conversationnelle qui a trop souvent été négligée lors de l’étude du TI est ici mise en exergue. Nous y portons une attention particulière grâce à notre approche basée sur la théorie sociale de George Herbert Mead et les concepts de l’analyse de conversation mobilisés pour l’observation des discussions guidées du Programme de leadership intermédiaire des Forces armées canadiennes (FAC). L’approche de recherche que nous privilégions nous a permis d’illustrer empiriquement différents aspects du TI dans la conversation in situ. Nous avons noté un TI tacite (non verbal) au fil des échanges entre leaders seniors des FAC, à savoir entre les personnes qui prenaient part aux discussions guidées que nous avons analysées. Nous avons surtout examiné leur TI verbal et explicite par l’entremise de leurs prises de parole. Notre examen montre que le conformisme du « moi » prévaut lors du TI, sans toutefois totalement éclipser la part d’individualité aussi à l’œuvre lors de ce travail. Malgré la forte identification à l’institution des FAC, nos analyses donnent à voir que ses membres profitent d’un certain espace discursif où ils peuvent mettre en valeur leurs particularités. Notre analyse le met en lumière et montre de plus qu’il y a un travail collectif qui s’opère à l’égard du TI comme leader et stagiaire. C’est à travers la convergence et la divergence des orientations que cet aspect collectif du TI a pu être observé, un travail collectif favorisant une certaine conscience de soi. / Identity work refers to actions by which people (re)create, present, specify and sustain constructions that are productive of a coherent and distinct sense of self. In this regard, our aim was to display the nuances of this discursive work within naturally occurring conversations, considering this is still one of the “blind spot” of the literature on identity work. Conversation dynamics, which have too often been overlooked in studies of identity work, were therefore closely examined. Our approach combines George Herbert Mead’s theory and conversation analysis concepts in the review of guided discussions held during the Intermediate leadership program of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). This combination actually enabled us to empirically describe various aspects of identity work in exchanges between senior CAF leaders. Tacit (nonverbal) identity work, as we have coined it, was certainly occurring throughout the guided discussions we studied. However, given our approach, we mainly examined the verbal and explicit identity work, through talk-in-action. In terms of actions, including what was invoked, our analysis shows that the “Me” and its conventions, as Mead conceived it, prevailed during our participants’ identity work. It did not totally overshadow the part of individuality, or the “I”, also at play during their work. Despite their strong identification with the CAF institution, the participants negociated a discursive space where they could highlight their particularities. Our analysis underlines it and shows that there was a collective work taking place in their identity work as leaders. It is through converging and diverging orientations that the collective aspect of their work was made visible, a collective work which also promoted self-consciousness.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PSO - Renato Ferreira de Souza.pdf: 422705 bytes, checksum: 0b76aaae440c4e3112c3ecb4a276edb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-06 / The developed work intends to contribute for the understanding of an author/character of the social psychology. We analyzed and we added knowledge about George Herbert Mead and the unfoldings of his psychosocial theory. For this purpose we worked in two basic pathways: first, through the social approach of the psychology s history, we confronted Mead s life with moments of constitution of the psychology at his time, placing in projection central aspects of his dialogue not always identified. We correlated the history of Mead with social subjects, politics, economical and scientific of his time; information on what happened in the plan of the interpersonal s relationships at the time he was elaborating his theory, as well as his connections with practices and specific cultural values were mediated. The second path elapses from an incursion that goes through a thematic concerning to the Meadelian s studies, for what we prioritized the sociologists Peter Berger s and Thomas Luckmann s works and of the philosopher Jürgen Habermas. It is then intended to contribute to the history of the social psychology and to diffuse the Meadelian s scientific concepts, turning them more accessible to the specialists of the social psychology / O trabalho desenvolvido pretende contribuir para a compreensão de um autor/personagem da psicologia social. Analisamos e acrescemos conhecimento sobre George Herbert Mead e os desdobramentos de sua teoria psicosocial. Para este propósito trabalhamos em duas vertentes básicas: primeiro, através da abordagem social em história da psicologia, confrontamos a vida de Mead com momentos de constituição da psicologia à sua época, colocando em relevo aspectos centrais desta interlocução nem sempre identificados. Correlacionamos a história de Mead com questões sociais, políticas, econômicas e científicas de sua época; informações sobre o que se passava no plano das relações interpessoais ao tempo em que elaborava sua teoria, assim como suas conexões com práticas e valores culturais específicos foram contemplados. A segunda vertente decorre de uma incursão na literatura que perpassa por temáticas concernentes aos estudos meadianos, para o que priorizamos os trabalhos dos sociólogos Peter Berger e Thomas Luckmann e do filósofo Jürgen Habermas. Pretende-se assim contribuir para a história da psicologia social e difundir os conceitos científicos meadianos, tornando-os mais acessíveis aos estudiosos da psicologia social