O Mycobacterium bovis causa a tuberculose zoonótica, doença que afeta os animais e o homem podendo causar a morte, sendo o leite uma importante via de transmissão da doença para o homem. A pasteurização do leite é a principal medida para quebrar essa cadeia de transmissão, cujos parâmetros de tempo e temperatura foram definidos através de experimentos que datam desde o fim do século XIX, com base na resistência térmica do M. bovis e da Coxiella burnetti, então considerados os mais resistentes patógenos não formadores de esporos que contaminam o leite. No Brasil são aprovados os binômios 62ºC a 65ºC por 30 minutos e 72ºC a 75ºC por 15 a 20 segundos. Entretanto, com o passar dos anos e surgimento de novas tecnologias (PCR, Spoligotyping e outras técnicas biomoleculares) foi possível observar diferenças genéticas intra-espécie. Assim, este projeto tem por objetivo avaliar e comparar o comportamento de dois espoligotipos de M. bovis (SB0120 e SB1033) frente aos dois protocolos de pasteurização utilizados no país. Para tanto, leite integral UHT foi contaminado com esses espoligotipos e submetido aos dois processos térmicos, em Banho-Maria. O leite foi semeado em meio sólido Stonebrink-Leslie e a contagem de colônias foi feita após 45 dias de incubação a 37ºC. Não houve neste experimento diferença entre as resistências térmicas dos dois espoligotipos, no entanto detectou-se uma maior importância da fase de aquecimento na redução do agente do que da fase de manutenção da temperatura, para os dois espoligotipos, nos dois processos. / Mycobacterium bovis causes zoonotic tuberculosis disease that affects animals and humans and can cause death, the milk is an important route of disease transmission to humans. The pasteurization of milk is the main measure to break the transmission chain, whose time and temperature parameters were defined by experiments dating from the late nineteenth century, based on thermal resistance of M. bovis and Coxiella burnetti, considered then the most resistant non-spore-forming pathogens that contaminate the milk. In Brazil, there are two approved binomials 62ºC to 65ºC for 30 minutes and 72ºC to 75ºC for 15 to 20 seconds. However, over the years and the emergence of new technologies (PCR, spoligotyping and other biomolecular techniques) was observed genetic differences intra-species. Thus, this project aims to evaluate and compare the behavior of two spoligotypes of M. bovis (SB0120 and SB1033) compared to the two pasteurization protocols used in the country. To this end, UHT milk was contaminated with these spoligotypes and subjected to two thermal processes in a water bath. The milk was streaked on solid medium Stonebrink-Leslie and colony counting was done after 45 days of incubation at 37ºC. This experiment showed that there was no difference between the thermal resistances of the two spoligotypes, however it was detected a greater importance of the heating phase in reducing the agent that the maintenance phase of temperature for the two spoligotypes, in both cases.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T19:30:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel M Modena Wutzki.pdf: 1108265 bytes, checksum: 95460fc6833be7f87bfb57b0ddae51e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Considering the actual tendency of increasing plant densities in corn crops and the lack of information about this issue on varieties used by smallholder farmers, in this research was assessed variations in plant density of corn and seed quality. The experiment was located in Imbaú, PR, trasition climate zone Cfa/Cfb, on crop season 2011/2012, using the landrace varieties Nutricional, Caiano, MPA and Composto and the commercial varieties BRS Sol da manhã® and BRS Missões®, on plant densities of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 thousand plants ha-1. Stem diameter of plants, ear height of corn, number of seed lines per ear, number of seeds in lines of the ear, number of seeds per ear, mass of a thousand grains and yield were determined in the assessments, besides seed germination, vigor and seed quality. There was interaction between varieties and cultivars for mass of a thousand seeds, seed germination and vigor and seed sanity. For most of varieties, plant densities of 30 and 40 thousand plants favored increasing of stem diameter, yield components and seed germination and decreased incidence of Penicillium spp e Fusarium spp. With the increasing of plant densities starting at 50 thousand plants ha-1, for all varieties, there were decreasing on stem diameter and increasing of lodging plants rate, with consequent increasing of incidence of diseases and decreasing of seed germination. On Caiano and Composto varieties, decreasing of seed germination may be related to the incidence of Fusarium spp. It is possible to conclude that increasing corn’s plant density causes decreasing of yield components, yield and seed quality for most of varieties and cultivars assessed, especially to plant densities of more than 30 thousand plants ha-1. For physiological parameter, the ideal is the utilization of 30 thousand plants ha-1 for variety Composto and cultivar BRS Misssões®, 40 thousand plants ha-1 for varieties Caiano and Nutricional and 50 thousand plants ha-1 for variety MPA and cultivar BRS Sol da Manhã®. Plant densities of 30 thousand to 50 thousand plants ha-1 present less incidence of Penicillium spp e Fusarium spp in all varieties and cultivars. / Considerando a tendência atual do aumento da densidade de plantas para o cultivo do milho e a restrição de informação sobre essa variável em variedades utilizadas pelo agricultor familiar, nessa pesquisa foram avaliadas variações da densidade das plantas de milho e a qualidade das sementes. O experimento foi conduzido em Imbaú, PR, zona de transição climática Cfa/Cfb, na safra 2011/12, utilizando as variedades crioulas de milho: Nutricional, Caiano, MPA e Composto e as variedades comerciais: BRS Sol da Manhã® e BRS Missões®, nas densidades de 30, 40, 50, 60 e 70 mil plantas ha-1. Para as avaliações foram determinados o diâmetro do colmo das plantas, a altura de inserção da espiga, os números de fileira por espiga, de sementes por fileira e de sementes por espiga, a massa de mil sementes e o rendimento, além da germinação, do vigor e da sanidade das sementes. Houve interação entre as variedades de milho para a massa de mil sementes, a germinação, o vigor e a sanidade das sementes. Para a maioria das variedades, as populações de 30 e 40 mil plantas favoreceram o aumento do diâmetro do colmo, dos componentes de rendimento e da germinação das sementes e reduziram as incidências de Penicillium spp e Fusarium spp. Para todas as variedades, com o aumento da densidade a partir de 50 mil plantas ha-1, houve a redução do diâmetro do colmo e o aumento da taxa de acamamento de plantas, com consequente aumento da incidência de doenças e redução da germinação das sementes. Nas variedades Caiano e Composto, a redução da germinação das sementes pode estar relacionada à incidência de Fusarium spp. É possível concluir que o aumento da densidade das plantas de milho causa redução dos componentes de rendimento, do rendimento e da qualidade das sementes, para a maioria das variedades avaliadas, especialmente para densidades superiores a 30 mil plantas ha-1. Em termos fisiológicos o ideal é a utilização de 30 mil plantas ha-1 para a variedade crioula Composto e a variedade comercial BRS Missões®, de 40 mil plantas ha-1 para as variedades crioulas Caiano e Nutricional e de 50 mil plantas ha-1 para a variedade crioula MPA e para a variedade comercial BRS Sol da Manhã®. Populações de 30 mil até 50 mil plantas ha-1 apresentam as menores incidências de Penicillium spp e Fusarium spp para todas as variedades.

Dans cette thèse, nous explorons premièrement la notion de directionnalité lors de la conception de repères d'ondelettes du plan. Cette propriété, qui semble essentielle pour la vision biologique, donne lieu à une meilleure représentation des contours d'objets dans les décompositions d'images utilisant ces repères. Elle génère en outre une redondance supplémentaire qui exploitée à bon escient, permet par exemple de réduire les effets d'un bruit additif (gaussien). Nous montrons également comment cette directionnalité, généralement perçue comme un paramètre figé, peut être adaptée localement aux éléments d'une image. Nous définissons ainsi le concept d'analyse d'images multisélective. Dans ce cadre, des règles de récurrence héritées d'une analyse multirésolution circulaire associent des ondelettes d'une certaine sélectivité angulaire pour générer des ondelettes de plus faible directionnalité jusqu'à l'obtention d'une ondelette totalement isotrope. Dans le cas d'un repère d'ondelettes linéaire, ces différents niveaux de sélectivité ont la possibilité de s'ajuster localement au contenu d'une image. Nous constatons par ailleurs que cette adaptabilité fournit de meilleures reconstructions que les méthodes à sélectivité fixe lors d'approximations non linéaires d'images. Cette thèse traite ensuite du problème de l'analyse de données représentées sur la sphère. Il a été établi précédemment [AV99] que la transformée continue en ondelettes (CWT) s'étend à cet espace par l'emploi d'une dilatation stéréographique respectant la compacité de S2. Dans certain cas, il est utile de réduire la redondance de cette transformée, ne fut ce que pour faciliter le traitement des données dans l'espace multi-échelle généré. Nous étudions par conséquent comment créer des repères sphériques semi-continus, où seule l'échelle est échantillonnée, et totalement discrétisés. Nous tirons parti dans ce dernier cas de grilles sphériques équi-angulaires et des règles de quadrature associées pour obtenir des conditions suffisantes à la reconstruction des fonctions analysées. Les capacités d'analyse et de synthèse de repères d'ondelettes DOG sont également testées sur des exemples de données sphériques. Une dernière partie de ce document est dédiée à l'étude d'un objet physique étonnant : la couronne solaire. Cette couche extérieure du soleil est observée depuis 1996 par l'expérience EIT à bord du satellite SoHO dans différentes longueurs d'onde de l'ultraviolet lointain. La compréhension physique des multiples phénomènes apparaissant dans la couronne solaire passe par le traitement automatique des images EIT. Dans cette tâche, nous nous limitons à deux problèmes particuliers. Nous utilisons premièrement la CWT et sa capacité à analyser la régularité locale d'une image pour gommer les traces laissées par les rayons cosmiques, majoritairement non solaires, sur les enregistrements EIT. Deuxièmement, la couronne solaire contient des éléments de faible taille (<60arcsec) nommés points brillants (ou BPs pur Bright points). Ceux-ci trouvent leur origine dans l'échauffement local du plasma coronal sous l'action du champs magnétique solaire. En abordant une approche similaire à celle développée en [Bij99], nous étudions comment sélectionner et caractériser ces BPS en décomposant une image en ses objets constitutifs. Ces derniers sont issus de tubes de maxima dans la description multi-échelle de l'image, c'est-à-dire d'une généralisation discrète des lignes de maxima de la CWT.

O Mycobacterium bovis causa a tuberculose zoonótica, doença que afeta os animais e o homem podendo causar a morte, sendo o leite uma importante via de transmissão da doença para o homem. A pasteurização do leite é a principal medida para quebrar essa cadeia de transmissão, cujos parâmetros de tempo e temperatura foram definidos através de experimentos que datam desde o fim do século XIX, com base na resistência térmica do M. bovis e da Coxiella burnetti, então considerados os mais resistentes patógenos não formadores de esporos que contaminam o leite. No Brasil são aprovados os binômios 62&ordm;C a 65&ordm;C por 30 minutos e 72&ordm;C a 75&ordm;C por 15 a 20 segundos. Entretanto, com o passar dos anos e surgimento de novas tecnologias (PCR, Spoligotyping e outras técnicas biomoleculares) foi possível observar diferenças genéticas intra-espécie. Assim, este projeto tem por objetivo avaliar e comparar o comportamento de dois espoligotipos de M. bovis (SB0120 e SB1033) frente aos dois protocolos de pasteurização utilizados no país. Para tanto, leite integral UHT foi contaminado com esses espoligotipos e submetido aos dois processos térmicos, em Banho-Maria. O leite foi semeado em meio sólido Stonebrink-Leslie e a contagem de colônias foi feita após 45 dias de incubação a 37&ordm;C. Não houve neste experimento diferença entre as resistências térmicas dos dois espoligotipos, no entanto detectou-se uma maior importância da fase de aquecimento na redução do agente do que da fase de manutenção da temperatura, para os dois espoligotipos, nos dois processos. / Mycobacterium bovis causes zoonotic tuberculosis disease that affects animals and humans and can cause death, the milk is an important route of disease transmission to humans. The pasteurization of milk is the main measure to break the transmission chain, whose time and temperature parameters were defined by experiments dating from the late nineteenth century, based on thermal resistance of M. bovis and Coxiella burnetti, considered then the most resistant non-spore-forming pathogens that contaminate the milk. In Brazil, there are two approved binomials 62&ordm;C to 65&ordm;C for 30 minutes and 72&ordm;C to 75&ordm;C for 15 to 20 seconds. However, over the years and the emergence of new technologies (PCR, spoligotyping and other biomolecular techniques) was observed genetic differences intra-species. Thus, this project aims to evaluate and compare the behavior of two spoligotypes of M. bovis (SB0120 and SB1033) compared to the two pasteurization protocols used in the country. To this end, UHT milk was contaminated with these spoligotypes and subjected to two thermal processes in a water bath. The milk was streaked on solid medium Stonebrink-Leslie and colony counting was done after 45 days of incubation at 37&ordm;C. This experiment showed that there was no difference between the thermal resistances of the two spoligotypes, however it was detected a greater importance of the heating phase in reducing the agent that the maintenance phase of temperature for the two spoligotypes, in both cases.

Basic characteristics of leasing. Possibilities of leasing operations accounting according to the Czech regulations and according to the International accounting standards (IAS/IFRS). Analysis of differences in accounting. Schemes of leasing operations in financial statements. Tax aspects of leasing operations.

The significant part of the diploma thesis is oriented on the aspects of audiovisual content copyright law and the illegal usage in two countries, such as Czech Republic and Russia. The main task is to concentrate on pros and cons of their copyright law protection against content rights infringing, i.e. piracy. For deeper analysis, Czech and Russian laws investigation in details is to be made in relation to the law enforcement to the audiovisual content. Then the comparison of the punishments for the copyright law infringement is to be provided and the results of antipiracy activities within appropriate organizations in mentioned countries is to be considered. Subsequently the theoretical part is to be applied in concrete cases of court practices and finally the conclusion of the whole work is to be made. The value of the diploma thesis lies in the attempt of answering the questions, why piracy still exists in the chosen countries. This question is connected to antipiracy actions and their possible obstructions.

The present Master thesis entitled "Engineering Design and Optimization of Injector Holder" deals with the design of clamping holder, whose function is to ensure the exact position of injector system Common Rail. The shape of the injector holder is designed in the modelling program, both with respect to the installation space of internal combustion engine and also the method of manufacture. The proposed geometry is then subjected to stress analysis in the program using FEM. The final design phase is to optimize the geometry of the injector holder using the same method with the aim to reduce the weight of the component.

The point of conflict between competition law and patent law is mainly on the objectives of these two policies. Whereas competition law encourages market pluralism, patent law promotes exclusive exploitation of patented-technology by patent holders. Despite this asymmetrical purposes both policies compliment each in promoting innovation, dissemination of technology, and developmentof a vibrant economy. The interface between these two should be treated cautiously since a preferential treatment of one over the other can have adverse consequences in the development of the economy. Admittedly competition law is very crucial in regulating anti-competitive conduct by cartels and monopolies that will affect the interests of the society. On the flip side, the enforcement of anti trust policies should not be overly applied to the extent of eroding the spirit of innovation and investment in beneficial technology. In the face of this aggressive global market, promotion of innovation and competition law are crucial in maintaining a competitive edge. Wherefore a balance must be struck!

The purpose of this thesis is to overview the basic design solutions of full aluminum radiators. By finite element method to check the first generation of full aluminum low temperature radiator bracket and based on this calculation to modify the design to reduce tension in the critical areas. At the end of this thesis to evaluate the new design.

This thesis is at the intersection of migration and labour in tourism and the hospitality sector. Empirically, this study explores the experiences of well-trained migrant dishwashing employees (DE) in restaurants in Copenhagen, Denmark and aims to understand their motivation for migration. They, while acquiring hospitality sector experience, struggle beyond the workplace to fulfill their intentions of long term settlement. The study explores how they face resistance to labour market access and participation based on their skills and experience. The focus of this qualitative study is on the highly skilled Green card Holders (GCH) of Denmark, majority of who are stuck as DE in the restaurant industry. This master thesis argues about the challenges of employability, underutilization of foreign education credentials and work-life struggle. A sizable proportion of GCH have managed to find jobs and are working as DE. Qualified professionals like IT specialists, teachers, accountants, and engineers face unanticipated challenges that are explained through open-ended unstructured interviews with GCH. These professionals are still working as DE or have left the Danish labour market. Further, this thesis explores how these DE are struggling to lead the routine life of an expat. I have discussed the significance of job satisfaction as blue- collar employees in the host country and compared it with white-collar job experience from their respective home countries. GCH migrants from Asian countries in Denmark have come under the spotlight during this study. This study provides unique insights from their experience as a DE, exploitation of human capital flight, feelings of humiliation and discrimination of GCH despite being well trained employed back home. Highlighting some of the challenges as a migrant DE, it makes a strong case for reviewing national policy towards them. / <p>2022-01-22</p>