När människan befinner sig i svåra situationer kan hoppet utgöra en viktig resurs. Trots detta har hoppet en förmåga att svikta i de stunder då det behövs som mest. Hopplöshet kan ses som en börda och kan skapa lidande för patienten, därför är det viktigt att hopplösheten synliggörs så att hoppet kan främjas. För patienter som lider av cancer är stöd från omgivningen en viktig del i att främja hoppet. Genom att ha ett hälsofrämjande och individanpassat vårdande kan sjuksköterskan bidra till att ge hoppet näring. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa hopp i omvårdnaden av patienter med bröst- och prostatacancer. Metoden utgjordes av en systematisk litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats. I resultatet framträder tre olika teman som hoppet påverkas av- individens, relationens och omvårdnadens betydelse för hopp. I resultatet beskrivs hur hoppet kan ta sig i uttryck i de olika kategorierna. Familj och vänners stöd är betydelsefullt för förmågan att känna hopp liksom att känna meningsfullhet samt en förtroendefull relation med sjuksköterskan. Även den egna inställningen till sjukdomen och självkänslan är av stor betydelse för förmågan att känna hopp. Vidare forskning behövs för att undersöka hoppets betydelse hos äldre män. / When humans find themselves in difficult situations, hope can be an important resource. Despite this, hope has the ability to fail you in those crucial moments when it is most needed. The feeling of hopelessness can be a heavy burden and can create immense suffering for the patient. Therefore, it is crucial that the feeling of hopelessness is understood and revealed when prominent so that hope can be encouraged. For patients suffering cancer, support from the community is an important factor to boost hope. By providing personalized and health-promoting care the nurse can contribute towards giving hope nourishment. The purpose of this study is to elucidate hope in caring in patients with breast- or prostate cancer. The method consists of a systematic literature review with an inductive approach. The result shows three different areas that hope is influenced by: the individual, their relationships, and the importance that the caregiver puts on hope. It illustrates how hope can be expressed in these three different categories. The support of friends and family was crucial for the ability to feel hope, developing a sense of meaning, and having a trusting relationship with the nurse. The attitude towards the disease and the self-esteem are also of great importance for the ability to feel hope. Further research is needed to investigate the meaning of hope for elder men.

Tyrimo tikslas - atskleisti globos namuose augančių paauglių beviltiškumo, neadaptyvių kognityvinių schemų bei streso įveikos sąsajas. Globos namuose augantys paaugliai dažnai susiduria su psichologiniais sunkumais. Lietuvoje nėra daug tyrinėtos šių paauglių beviltiškumo, neadaptyvių kognityvinių schemų bei streso įveikos psichologinės problemos. Tyrime dalyvavo 52 globos namuose augantys paaugliai. Tyrimas atliktas taikant tris metodus: A. T. Beck nevilties skalė, kitas E. J. Young ankstyvų neadaptyvių kognityvinių schemų klausimynas, trumpoji forma ir trečias Ž. Grakausko bei G. Valicko keturių faktorių streso įveikos klausimynas. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė merginų imtyje beviltiškumo ir neadaptyvių kognityvinių schemų sąsajas, kai tuo tarpu vaikinų imtyje šios sąsajos nenustatytos. Tyrimu nustatytos streso įveikos strategijų bei neadaptyvių kognityvinių schemų sąsajos tiek vaikinų, tiek merginų imtyje. Beviltiškumo ir streso įveikos strategijų sąsajų nerasta nei merginų, nei vaikinų tarpe. Nenustatyti reikšmingi skirtumai beviltiškumo, streso įveikos strategijų: problemų sprendimo, vengimo bei socialinio palaikymo tiek vaikinų, tiek merginų imtyje. / The aim of the study was to reveal corellation of hopelessness, maladaptive cognitive schemes and stress coping strategies in adolescents growing in foster home. Adolescents growing in foster home often interfere psychological difficulties. In Lithuania there is not many researches on adolescents hopelessness, maladaptive cognitive schemes and stress coping strategies. 52 girls and boys participated in the research from foster home. In the present thesis was applied three methods: A. T. Beck’s hoplessness scale, E. J. Young maladaptive cognitive schemes questioner and Ž. Grakauskas, G. Valickas stress coping strategies scale. The survey results showed the corellation of hopelessness and maladaptive cognitive schemes of girls but the results of boys presents no corelations between hopelessness and maladaptive cognitive schemes. The results of boys and girls showed corellation of stress coping strategies and maladaptive cognitive schemes. There were no meaningful differences of boys and girls on average between hoplessness and stress coping strategies: problems solving, social support and avoidance.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1998. / Title from title page screen, viewed July 13, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Connie B. Horton (chair), Raymond Bergner, Daniel Graybill, Jeff Laurent, Susan L. Smith. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-80) and abstract. Also available in print.

The Beck Hopelessness Scale was applied in a sample of 971 male and female students, chosen at random sampling from Mexico City, with an average age of 16.75 years. Results were compared to those reported by Beck, Weissman, Lester and Trexler (1974). Results showed adequate reliability (≥ 0.70) in the total sample by gender. Factorial structure matched only in the Affective factor as reported by Beck et al. (1974) with respect to the total sample. Differences in saturation and factorial structure in both sexes were observed. It was concluded that the factor structure of Beck Hopelessness Scale registers different factor structure in the total sample, according to sex. / En una muestra de 971 estudiantes de ambos sexos elegidos en forma aleatoria de la ciudad de México con un promedio de edad de 16.75 anos, se aplicó la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck. Se calculo la consistencia interna y la estructura factorial con el procedimiento reportado por Beck, Weissman, Lester y Trexler (1974) en muestra total y por sexo. Los resultados indicaron confiabilidad adecuada (≥ .70) en la muestra total y por sexo, estructura factorial coincidente solo en el factor Afectivo en la muestra total, y diferencias de saturación y de estructura factorial en ambos sexos. Se concluyo que la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck registra diferente estructura factorial en muestra total y de acuerdo con el sexo.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:59:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ilmar.pdf: 3890552 bytes, checksum: 4c527d64f6e87e72ce21b60733f61dda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-19 / This study aimed to examine the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and hopelessness, as well as possible socio-emotional distress, among two hundred fifty-two inmates of the Penitentiary Anisio Jobim in the city of Manaus, capital of Amazonas State, Brazil. Data were collected from the instruments chosen and subsequently used with detainees, namely: 1) Beck Depression Scale, 2) Beck Anxiety Scale; 3) Beck Hopelessness Scale, 4) socio-emotional questionnaire. The results below indicate that depression is present among 25.0% of inmates, while 11.9% had anxiety symptoms, 6.64% indicating positive for symptoms of hopelessness and finally 59.7% had symptoms socio-emotional distress. It was also highlighted in the present study the correlation between socio-emotional distress and symptoms of depression, anxiety and hopelessness, indicating that the absence of family and social support, can lead the detainee to develop these symptoms over time. The data analysis also revealed that the higher the degree of vulnerability to which the prisoner is exposed, the greater the odds of presenting the same symptoms mentioned. Overall, this study allowed us to outline a framework of factors that trigger momentary suffering among inmates and impact the performance of daily activities within the establishment, and show that early identification of these symptoms can contribute to promoting mental health and quality Living among them. / Este estudo teve como objetivo principal averiguar a prevalência de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e desesperança, bem como, possível sofrimento sócioafetivo, entre duzentos e cinquenta e dois detentos do Complexo Penitenciário Anísio Jobim, na Cidade de Manaus, Capital do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados dos instrumentos escolhidos e posteriormente utilizados junto aos detentos, a saber: 1) Escala Beck de Depressão; 2) Escala Beck de Ansiedade; 3) escala Beck de Desesperança; 4) Questionário Sócioafetivo. Os resultados apontam abaixo que a depressão encontra-se presente entre 25,0% dos detentos, enquanto que 11,9% apresentam sintomas de ansiedade, 6,64% com indicação positiva para sintomas de desesperança e por fim 59,7% apresentaram sintomas de sofrimento sócioafetivo. Destaque-se ainda no presente estudo a correlação encontrada entre sofrimento sócioafetivo e sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e desesperança, indicando que a ausência de suporte familiar e social, pode levar o detento a desenvolver os referidos sintomas com o passar do tempo. A análise dos dados obtidos revelou ainda, que quanto maior o grau de vulnerabilidade a que o detento está exposto, maiores são as probabilidades do mesmo apresentar os mencionados sintomas. De maneira geral, este estudo permitiu traçar um quadro momentâneo dos fatores que desencadeiam sofrimentos entre os detentos e impactam o desempenho de suas atividades diárias no interior do estabelecimento, bem como mostrar que a identificação antecipada destes sintomas pode contribuir para promoção de saúde mental e qualidade de vida entre os mesmos.

This bachelor thesis details the study and analysis of hopelessness, motivation, and personality types concerning game design. It offers definitions for hopelessness based on previous studies and explains what makes people experience hopelessness in games. The thesis compares previously conducted studies on hopelessness and motivation, confirms their validity, and applies the conclusion to theories of game design, such as MDA.

This study explores a little researched question by the scholars of social movements - why activists disengage before the movement’s goals have been attained. Based on interviews with former and current activists of the Fridays For Future movement in Västerås, this study argues that disengagement occurs due to four reasons, either combined or separately. These are biographical unavailability as a result of other commitments in life, perceived collective inefficacy, emotions of hopelessness either in relation to the movement or climate change, and psychological pressure as a consequence of participation. The results are important as the reasons for disengagement also could illustrate the obstacles for the movement to reach its goals. Without activists who can or want to mobilize, the future of the FFF movement runs the risk of losing the ability to put pressure. On a general notion, the result is also of importance as it manifests the difficulties for all citizens to participate in constitutionally protected political actions as only certain citizens have the opportunity to exercise their freedom of expression.

Suicide is a significant public health concern. Risk factors include depression, anxiety, hopelessness, being college-aged, and chronic illness. Self-compassion may reduce risk. We examined the relation between self-compassion and suicide risk, and the mediating effects of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness. Our cross-sectional study included four samples: community (N = 632, 51.7% female, M age = 35.91), collegiate (N = 338, 67.0% female, M age = 21.81), fibromyalgia (N = 508, 95.7% female, M age = 47.66) and cancer (N = 241, 64.3% female, M age = 61.28). Across all samples, self-compassion was related to less suicide risk (avg. r = .28), and all assessed psychopathology mediated this association. Future studies are needed to examine causal effects of study variables.

Suicide is a significant public health concern worldwide and the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. Risk factors for suicide include depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and previous suicide attempts, among others. Some vulnerable groups may have unique risk factors that exacerbate suicide risk; for instance, college students experience academic stress, and individuals with chronic illnesses, such as fibromyalgia and cancer, face persistent health complications. However, protective characteristics, such as self-compassion, may reduce suicide risk. Comprised of self-kindness, mindfulness, and common humanity, self-compassion is beneficially associated with mental and physical health, and to the task of suicide prevention. As such, we examined the relation between self-compassion and suicidal behavior, and the potential parallel mediating effects of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness across four samples (community, N = 632; collegiate, N = 338; fibromyalgia, N = 508; cancer, N = 241). Across all four samples, the combined effect of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness mediated the relation between self-compassion and suicidal behavior. Our findings provide support for the notion that self-compassion has a beneficial association with suicidal behavior directly, as well as indirectly via its influence on the suicide risk factors of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness. Increasing self-compassion through interventions such as Compassion-Focused Therapy and Mindful Self-Compassion may not only increase self-compassion, but may also facilitate adaptive coping, particularly in times of distress, that ameliorates symptoms of psychopathology and suicide risk. Future prospective, longitudinal studies, and randomized control trials, are needed to examine causal effects of self-compassion on emotional dysfunction and suicidal behavior.

This thesis aims to construct a theological understanding of hopelessness, as well as to explore what theological resources could be relevant in confronting and handling hopelessness that is endured due to the current day experience of eco-anxiety. Throughout the study hopelessness is viewed as a personal dysphoric state, as well as an individual's part in a collective response to an unjust system. This is an assumption which differs from traditional theology of hope, as hopelessness becomes not only a personal failing, but also a consequence of a failing society. Further, hope is theorized to be a concept that is available in two different forms labeled as naive hope and complex hope. Naive hope being a hope that is solely a belief, while complex hope is a hope that has further grounds, such as empirical, ontological or rational ones, upon which it stands. As such, the theological resources considered in the study are such that might aid in building a complex hope for those suffering from hopelessness, due to eco-anxiety.  The material being analysed in the study is divided into the four theological themes of “The Cross”, “Holy Saturday”, “Eschatology” and “Apocalypticism”. These themes present different theological concepts that have been viewed as hopeful, or theologies of hope, in some contexts. A literary analysis is conducted on the material presented within these themes, in the search for theological resources relevant to facing and handling hopelessness. The material is not necessarily harmonious and, as such, presents different aspects of each theme that may, or may not, be considered a resource in accordance with the aim and theory of the study. Theological resources for hopelessness found within the material are summarized at the end of each chapter and are collectively contemplated in the discussion of the study. The thesis discussion also consists of an evaluation of the validity in the concepts of naive hope and complex hope as well as the theological concept of hopelessness constructed, in accordance with the findings of the analyses.