L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier, à l’aide de modèles mathématiques, le mécanisme de régulation qui permet au corps de maintenir une quantité optimale de plaquettes sanguines. Le premier chapitre présente le contexte biologique et mathématique. Dans un second chapitre, un modèle pour la mégacaryopoïèse est introduit qui suppose une régulation ponctuelle par le nombre de plaquettes du taux de différentiation des cellules souches vers la lignée mégacaryocytaire et du nombre de plaquettes produites par mégacaryocyte. Nous montrons que la dynamique de ce modèle est régie par une équation différentielle à retard x'(t) = -?x(t)+f(x(t))g(x(t-t)), et nous obtenons ensuite de nouvelles conditions suffisantes pour la stabilité et l’oscillation des solutions de cette équation. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous analysons un second modèle pour la mégacaryopoïèse qui considère cette fois-ci une régulation opérée en continu uniquement via la vitesse de maturation des mégacaryoblastes. L’analyse de stabilité nécessite d’adapter un cadre pré-existant aux cas où le paramètre de bifurcation n’est pas le retard, et permet de montrer que l’augmentation du taux de mort des mégacaryoblastes conduit à l’apparition de solutions périodiques, en accord avec les observations cliniques de la thrombopénie cyclique amégacaryocytaire. Le dernier chapitre est consacré l’analyse de stabilité d’une équation différentielle à deux retards qui apparait notamment dans le cadre de la mégacaryopoïèse lorsque l’on considère que les plaquettes ont une durée de vie limitée / The object of this thesis is the study, using mathematical models, of the regulation mechanism maintaining an optimal quantity of blood platelets. The first chapter presents the biological and mathematical context of the thesis. In a second chapter, we introduce a model for megakaryopoiesis assuming a regulation by the platelet quantity of both the differentiation rate of stem cells to the platelet cell line and the amount of platelets produced by each megakaryocyte. We show that the dynamic of this model corresponds to a delay differential equation x'(t) = -?x(t) + f(x(t))g(x(t - t)), and we obtain for this equation new sufficient conditions for stability and for the oscillation of solutions. In a third chapter, we analyze a second model for megakaryopoiesis in which the regulation is continuous through the maturation speed of megakaryocyte progenitors. The stability analysis requires to adapt a pre-existing framework to problems where the bifurcation parameter is not the delay, and allows to show that increasing the death rate of megakaryocyte progenitors leads to the onset of periodic solutions, in agreement with clinical observation of amegakaryocytic cyclical thrombocytopenia. The last chapter covers a differential equation with two delays that appears among others in a model of platelet production which considers that platelet death can both age-independent and age-dependent

Neste trabalho, estudamos diferentes construções e propriedades das classes características de variedades suaves e singulares. Para ilustrar a teoria, calculamos a obstrução de Euler de algumas superfícies singulares no espaço tridimensional e apresentamos uma fórmula do tipo Poincaré-Hopf para variedades singulares / In this work, we study different constructions and properties of the characteristics classes of smooth and singular manifolds. To ilustrate the theory, we compute the Euler obstructions of some singular surfaces in tridimensional space and state a Poincaré-Hopf´s formula for singular varieties

Neste trabalho,estudamos o índice de Poincaré-Hopf, definido para singularidades isoladas de campos de vetores sobre variedades diferenciáveis. Além disso, investigamos algumas definições de índices de campos de vetores definido sem variedades singulares, como o índice de Schwartz e o índice GSV. Estudaremos estes invariantes no caso específico em que (V; 0) é um germe de uma interseção completa com singularidade isolada na origem / In this work, we study thePoincaré-Hopf index, defined for isolated singularities of vector fields on manifolds. Moreover, we investigate some definitions of indices of vector fields defined on singular varieties, as the Schwartz index and the GSV index. We study these invariants in the case where (V; 0) is a germ of a complete intersection with an isolated singularity at the origin

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / In this work we present the lifting method [AS2], which is used to classify certain class of Hopf algebras. Since this method is based on the coradical filtration, it can be used just for those Hopf algebras satisfying the Chevalley property (CP). Results related to the explicit calculation of such filtration are also explored. Finally, we study the standard filtration, which is defined in [AC], and which allows us to extend the lifting method to the non-(CP) case. / Neste trabalho apresentamos o método de lifting [AS2], o qual é utilizado para a classificação de certa classe de álgebras de Hopf. Desde que este método baseia-se na filtração coradical, ele não pode ser utilizado para aquelas que satisfazem a propriedade Chevalley (PC). Resultados relacionados com o cálculo explícito de tal filtração também são explorados. Na parte final, estudamos a filtração standard, que está definida em [AC], e que nos permite estender o método de lifting ao caso não (PC).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:55:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 arakawa_vat_me_sjrp.pdf: 795168 bytes, checksum: 1ce40af6d71942f94c4c2bb678ce986f (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Nesse trabalho são apresentados alguns resultados importantes sobre bifurcações de codimensão dois de campos de vetores. O resultado principal dessa dissertação e o teorema que d a o diagrama de bifurcação e os retratos de fase da Bifurcação de Bogdanov-Takens. Para a demonstracão são usadas algumas técnicas basicas de Sistemas Dinâmicos e Teoria das Singularidades, tais como Integrais Abelianas, desdobramentos de Sistemas Hamiltonianos, desdobramentos versais, Teorema de Preparação de Malgrange, entre outros. Outra importante bifurcação clássica apresentada e a Bifurca cão do tipo Hopf-Zero, quando a matriz Jacobiana possui um autovalor simples nulo e um par de autovalores imagin arios puros. Foram usadas algumas hipóteses que garantem propriedades de simetria do sistema, dentre elas, assumiuse que o sistema era revers vel. Assim como na Bifurcação de Bogdanov-Takens, foram apresentados o diagrama de bifurcao e os retratos de fase da Bifurcação Hopf-zero bifurcação reversível. As técnicas usadas para esse estudo foram a forma normal de Belitskii e o método do Blow-up polar. / In this work is presented some important results about codimension two bifurcations of vector elds. The main result of this work is the theorem that gives the local bifurcation diagram and the phase portraits of the Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation. In order to give the proof, some classic tools in Dynamical System and Singularities Theory are used, such as Abelian Integral, versal deformation, Hamiltonian Systems, Malgrange Preparation Theorem, etc. Another classic bifurcation phenomena, known as the Hopf-Zero bifurcation, when the Jacobian matrix has a simple zero and a pair of purely imaginary eigenvalues, is presented. In here, is added the hypothesis that the system is reversible, which gives some symmetry in the problem. Like in Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation, the bifurcation diagram and the local phase portraits of the reversible Hopf-zero bifurcation were presented. The main techniques used are the Belitskii theory to nd a normal forms and the polar Blow-up method.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3607.pdf: 812338 bytes, checksum: 91108524a60d3c2bfecd137f9fcbc74b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-04 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / In this work, based on the article The Codazzi Equation for Surfaces by Juan A. Aledo, José M. Espinar and José A. Gálvez [8], we describe some applications of an abstract theory for the Codazzi equation on surfaces. This theory deals with abstract pairs of quadratic forms on a surface, in particular the so-called Codazzi pairs, for which the Codazzi equation is satisfied. Among the applications, we give a proof of an abstract version of a classical theorem due to Hopf on immersed spheres in Euclidean space R3 with constant mean curvature. Other applications are proofs of Liebmann s theorem on complete surfaces with constant Gaussian curvature in R3 and of Grove s theorem on the rigidity of ovaloids. We also study the existence of holomorphic quadratic differentials associated with Codazzi pairs. This is used, in particular, in the classification of complete embedded elliptic special Weingarten surfaces of non-minimal type in R3 whose Gaussian curvature does not change sign. / Nesta dissertação, baseada no artigo The Codazzi Equation for Surfaces de Juan A. Aledo, José M. Espinar e José A. Gálvez [8], descrevemos algumas aplicações de uma teoria abstrata para a equação de Codazzi em superfícies. Nessa teoria são estudados de modo abstrato, pares de formas quadráticas definidos em uma superfície satisfazendo certas propriedades, em particular os chamados pares de Codazzi, para os quais a equação de Codazzi é satisfeita. Dentre as aplicações, apresentamos uma demonstração de uma versão abstrata do clássico teorema de Hopf sobre superfícies homeomorfas à esfera imersas em R3 com curvatura média constante. Outras aplicações são demonstrações do teorema de Liebmann sobre superfícies completas em R3 com curvatura Gaussiana constante positiva e do teorema de Grove sobre rigidez dos ovalóides. Estudamos também a existência de diferenciais quadráticas holomorfas associadas a pares de Codazzi, as quais são usadas, em particular, na classificação das superfícies de Weingarten especiais elípticas de tipo não-mínimo, completas e mergulhadas em R3, cuja curvatura Gaussiana não muda de sinal.

Résumé indisponible / Résumé indisponible

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In representation theory, having a representation of a group G is equivalent to having a kG-module. Since |G-modules which are sums of irreducible kG-modules form a very important class in the theory of modules, to know conditions for a kG-module be irreducible or completely reducible from the particularities of the field k and the group G become a very important issue, whose solution was originally presented by the German mathematician Heinrich Maschke which proved that if the order of G is not a multiple of the characteristic of the field k, then kG is completely reducible (or semisimple). From there, issues unrelated to representation theory, but that concern the semisimplicity of cross products in general are treated as Maschke-type theorem. Our goal in this dissertation is to present some versions of this theorem, starting with classic versions involving cross products for actions of groups on algebras and then versions for Hopf algebras and smash products. / Na teoria de representações de grupos, ter uma representação de um grupo G é equivalente a ter um kG-módulo. Desde que kG-módulos que são somas de kG-módulos irredutíveis formam uma classe bastante importante na teoria de módulos, conhecer condições para que um kG-módulo seja irredutível ou completamente redutível a partir das particularidades do corpo k e do grupo G passou a ser um problema bastante importante. Problema este cuja solução foi originalmente apresentada pelo matemático alemão Heinrich Maschke que provou que se a ordem do grupo G não for múltiplo da característica do corpo k, então kG é completamente redutível (ou semissimples). A partir daí, questões independentes a teoria de representações, mas que dizem respeito a semissimplicidade de produtos cruzados em geral são tratados como Teorema tipo-Maschke. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é apresentar algumas versões deste teorema. Iniciamos com versões mais clássicas envolvendo produtos cruzados globais e parciais para em seguida estudarmos versões em álgebras de Hopf e produtos smash.

Ce travail de thèse porte principalement sur l'utilisation du calcul moulien et de la technique d'arborification introduits par Jean Ecalle dans les années 70 et leurs applications à l'étude des systèmes dynamiques discrets ou continus.L'une des contributions est une étude systématique des conditions sous lesquelles l'arborification permet de restaurer la convergence de séries formelles via l'introduction d'une notion d'invariance d'un moule sous arborication. Ces résultats permettent de donner une preuve détaillée du théorème de Brjuno de linéarisation analytique des champs de vecteurs telle qu'elle est proposée par Jean Ecalle dans son article "Singularités non abordables par la géométrie". Ces résultats ont été obtenus en collaboration avec Dominique Manchon (Université de Clermont Ferrand) et Jacky Cresson.La puissance du calcul moulien est ensuite illustrée par la résolution presque complète de la conjecture de Jarque-Villadelprat sur les centres isochrones Hamiltoniens. Cette conjecture stipule qu'il n'existe pas de champs de vecteurs polynomiaux du plan de degré pair qui soit hamiltonien. L'examen de la structure algébrique de la correction, introduite dans les années 90 par G. Gallavotti et généralisée ensuite par Jean Ecalle et Bruno Vallet, et son calcul explicite via le calcul moulien, nous ont permis d'obtenir des conditions explicites d'obstructions à l'isochronisme. L'aspect algébrique et combinatoire de ces objets et méthodes conduisent naturellement à une classication des conditions de centre via une notion de complexité. L'arborication quand à elle permet l'unification de nombreuses approches et une simplication de divers travaux, notamment ceux de J.C.Butcher autour de la structure algébrique des méthodes de Runge-Kutta qui a induit ce que les numériciens appellent des B-séries. En étudiant la structure algébrique de l'opérateur de substitution associé à un difféomorphisme, en particulier celui relié à une méthode de Runge-Kutta et celui associé à la solution de l'équation diérentielle sous-jacente, on présente le codage de Butcher comme une traduction particulière de l'arborification directe de l'opérateur de substitution. Notons que ce phénomène est large et permet d'inclure les travaux plus récents sur l'approche par trajectoires rugueuses des solutions d'équations différentielles stochastiques.Une seconde partie de la thèse concerne la recherche des groupes de symétries de Lie des tissus du plan en suivant une approche d'Alain Hénaut (Université de Bordeaux). Ce travail nous a permis de préciser la relation entre la dimension de ces groupes de symétries et le caractère linéarisable ou hexagonale des tissus du plan. Dans le cas des arrangements de droites, on obtient ainsi une relation profonde entre le module de dérivations de Saito associé à l'arrangement et le groupe de symétrie du tissu associé. / This thesis work mainly focuses on the use of the mould calculus and the technic of arborification which had been introduced both by J.Ecalle in the seventies and theirs applications to the study of continuous or discrete systems.One of the contributions is the systematic study of conditions under which the arborification allows to reestablish the convergence of formal series via introduction of a notion of invariance of mould under arborification. These results allow to give a detailed proof of Brjuno Theorem of analytic linearizability of vector fields as it is proposed by J.Ecalle in his article "Singularité non abordable par la géométrie". These results were obtained jointly with Dominique Manchon (University of Clermont Ferrand) and Jacky Cresson.The power of the mould calculus is then illustrated by an almost complete resolution of the Jarque-Villadelprat's conjecture about Hamiltonian Isochronous centers. This conjecture states that there is not existing polynomial vector fields in the plane of odd degree which are Hamiltonian. The study of the algebraic structure of the correction, introduced in the nineties by G.Gallavotti and then generalized by J.Ecalle and B.Vallet and its explicit computation via mould calculus, enables us to obtain explicit conditions of obstruction to isochronicity. The algebraic and combinatoric aspect of these objects and methods brings naturally to the classification of center conditions through a notion of complexity. The arborification allows to the unification of different approaches and a simplicification of different works, especially those of J.C.Butcher about algebraic structures of Runge-kutta methods, who had introduced that is called B-series by numerical mathematicians. Studying the algebraic structure of the substitution operator associated to a diffeomorphism, especially the one related to a Runge-Kutta method and the one which is associated to the solution of the underlying differential equations, we present the Butcher's encoding as a special translation of a direct arborification of the substitution automorphism. We can conclude that this phenomenon is wide and allows to include more recent studies on the approach by rough path of stochastic differential equations.A second part of this thesis involves the research of Lie group of symmetries of planar webs following Hénaut's approach (University of Bordeaux).This work allows to precise the relation between the dimension of the groups of symmetries and the linearizability or hexagonal character of planar webs. In the the case of line arrangement, we obtain a depthful relation between the modulus of derivations of Saito associated to the line arrangement and the group of symmetries of the associated web.

Resumo Neste trabalho apresentamos, em detalhes, a construção de uma teoria quântica dos campos topológica (TQCT). Podemos definir uma TQCT como um funtor simétrico monoidal da categoria dos cobordismos para a categoria dos espaços vetoriais. Em duas dimensões podemos encontrar uma descrição completa da categoria dos cobordismos e classificar todas as TQCT\'s. Em três dimensões é possível estender alguns invariantes para 3-variedades e construir uma TQCT 3D. Nossa construção é baseada no invariante para 3-variedades de Kuperberg, o qual envolve diagramas de Heegaard e álgebras de Hopf. Começamos com a apresentação do invariante de Kuperberg definido para toda variedade 3D compacta, orientável e sem bordo. Para cada álgebra de Hopf de dimensão finita constrói-se um invariante. Por fim, apresentamos a TQCT associada com o invariante de Kuperberg. Isto é feito usando-se o fato de que o invariante de Kuperberg é definido como uma soma de pesos locais tal qual uma função de partição. A TQCT decorre dos operadores advindos de variedades com bordo. / Abstract In this work we present in detail a construction of a topological quantum field theory (TQFT). We can define a TQFT as a symmetric monoidal functor from cobordism categories to category of vector spaces. In two dimension, we can give a complete description of cobordism categories and classify all TQFT\'s. In three dimension it is possible to extend some specific 3-manifold invariants and to construct a TQFT 3D. Our construction is based on the Kuperberg 3-manifold invariant which involves Heegaard diagrams and Hopf algebras. We start with the presentation of the Kuperberg invariant defined for every orientable compact 3-manifold without boundary. For each finite-dimensional Hopf algebra we can construct a invariant. Finally we presente the TQFT associated with the Kuperberg invariant. This is made using the fact that the Kuperberg invariant is defined like a sum of local weights in the same way as a partition function. The TQFT is constructed from the operators given by manifolds with boundary.