Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_antonella_mattei.pdf: 1371688 bytes, checksum: c8fe587e0a5f75bd8d1e4ecfd0745d85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / The aim of this study was isolate filamentous fungi and yeast from veterinary clinics, pet shop and veterinary hospital in Pelotas city/RS and do in vitro test of disinfectants/antiseptics used for clean these places. Surfaces samples were collected from the veterinary hospital before and after the disinfection of the doctor s room, surgery room, internation room and UTI. Samples were collect using contact plates containing agar Sabouraud dextrose added of chloramphenicol, which were incubate at 32ºC during five days. After that, the in vitro susceptibility test against sodium hipoclorite, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine-cetrimide and chlorine-phenol derivate was done. Samples from the pet shop, veterinary room and clinics were collected with brush and blade of shearing machine with swabs and cultured in plates containing Sabouraud dextrose agar added of chloramphenicol and olive-oil and Mycosel® agar, incubated at 25º and 32ºC, for 15 days. In the hospital environment, the filamentous and yeast colonies (CFU/ cm2) was higher in the internation room, showing fungal contamination before disinfection, while the surgical room was the less contaminated. The surfaces studied showed that the stall was the most contaminated before the disinfection, while the trough had a lower contamination. Filamentous fungi grew in 88.9% (192/216) of samples before disinfection, within Aspergillus spp identified in 29.2% (56/192). While, yeasts were recovered in 11.1% (24/216) of samples; corresponding to Candida, Malassezia, Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus genus. After a disinfection, filamentous fungi growth occurred in 73.3%(143/195) of samples, within Aspergillus genus corresponded to 28.7%(41/143). The yeast fungi growth was found in 26.2%(51/195) of samples, and belong to Candida, Malassezia, Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus genus and 0.5% of dimorphic fungi, Sporothrix schenckii. Of these 150 samples through shearing instruments, the fungi growth was observed in 58 samples, within 58.6% (34/58) at blade of shearing machine and 41.4% (24/58) from brush. There, Candida (34.7%), Malassezia (47.5%), Trichosporon (2.5%) e Rhodotorula (15.3%) were the genus identified, noone dermatophytes was obtain. The range of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) of disinfectants/antiseptics against Aspergillus spp isolates were ≤ 1.25 to > 160 μl/mL and ≤ 1.25 to 80 μl/mL, respectively. Whereas, range of MIC and MFC of disinfectants/antiseptics against Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon and Rhodotorula genus isolates were ≤ 1.25 to 40 μl/mL. In the veterinary hospital environment filamentous fungi and yeast are present. After disinfection a decrease in the fungal contamination occurs, but without statistically significant. About shearing instruments, the blade of shearing machine was the most contaminated part, with a predominance of Malassezia genus. The benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine-cetrimide and chlorine-phenol derivated were effective in the use concentration recommended by the manufacturer, while the sodium hypochlorite use concentration did not inhibit fungal growth of 56.1% of isolates tested. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar fungos filamentosos e leveduriformes de clínicas e consultórios veterinários, pet shops e hospital veterinário da cidade de Pelotas/RS, bem como avaliar a eficácia in vitro dos desinfetantes/antissépticos utilizados na limpeza dos locais estudados. Foram realizadas coletas de superfície do hospital veterinário antes e após a desinfecção da sala do consultório, sala cirúrgica, internação e UTI, através de placas de contato contendo ágar Sabouraud acrescido de cloranfenicol, incubadas a 32ºC por cinco dias, para obtenção de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC). Posteriormente, foi realizado o teste de suscetibilidade in vitro dos isolados fúngicos frente ao hipoclorito de sódio, cloreto de benzalcônio, clorexidina-cetrimida e derivado cloro-fenol. Em pet shops, consultórios e clínicas veterinárias também foram coletadas amostras de rascadeiras e lâminas da máquina de tosa através de swabs estéreis e impressão em placas contendo ágar Sabouraud acrescido de cloranfenicol e azeite de oliva e ágar Mycosel®, incubadas a 25º e 32ºC, por até 15 dias. No ambiente hospitalar, a contagem das UFC/cm2 filamentosas e leveduriformes foi maior na sala de internação antes da desinfecção, enquanto que, a sala cirúrgica foi a menos contaminada. A análise das superfícies demonstrou que a baia era a mais contaminada antes da desinfecção, enquanto que a calha apresentava menor contaminação. O crescimento de fungos filamentosos ocorreu em 88,9%(192/216) das amostras antes da desinfecção, identificado Aspergillus spp em 29,2%(56/192). Já o crescimento de fungos leveduriformes ocorreu em 11,1%(24/216) das amostras, com os gêneros Candida, Malassezia, Rhodotorula e Cryptococcus. Após a desinfecção houve crescimento de fungos filamentosos em 73,3%(143/195) das amostras, sendo identificado o gênero Aspergillus em 28,7%(41/143). O crescimento de fungos leveduriformes ocorreu em 26,2%(51/195) das amostras, pertencentes aos gêneros Candida, Malassezia, Rhodotorula e Cryptococcus e 0,5% foi o percentual de isolamento de fungo dimórfico, Sporothrix schenckii. Das 150 amostras obtidas dos instrumentos de tosa, o crescimento fúngico ocorreu em 58 amostras, sendo 58,6% (34/58) referentes à lâmina da máquina de tosa e 41,4% (24/58) a rascadeira. Foram identificados os gêneros Candida (34,7%), Malassezia (47,5%), Trichosporon (2,5%) e Rhodotorula (15,3%), porém não foram isolados dermatófitos. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) dos isolados de Aspergillus spp frente aos quatro desinfetantes/antissépticos variaram de ≤ 1,25 a > 160 μl/mL e ≤ 1,25 a 80 μl/mL, respectivamente. Enquanto que, tanto a CIM e CFM dos isolados dos gêneros Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon e Rhodotorula frente aos quatro desinfetantes/antissépticos, variaram de ≤ 1,25 a 40 μl/mL. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que, no ambiente hospitalar veterinário estão presentes fungos filamentosos e leveduriformes e após a desinfecção houve redução da contaminação fúngica, porém não apresentando diferença estatística significativa; considerando os instrumentos de tosa, a lâmina da máquina de tosa foi a mais contaminada, com predominância do gênero Malassezia; a clorexidina-cetrimida, cloreto de benzalcônio e derivado de cloro-fenol foram eficazes na concentração de uso indicada pelo fabricante, enquanto que o hipoclorito de sódio na concentração de uso não inibiu o crescimento fúngico de 56,1% dos isolados testados.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The school assistance in the hospital environment and the information and communication technologies are two themes which are inserted in current discussions on education. The school assistance in the hospital environment is carried out at the hospital class that, according to the National Policy of Especial Education (1994), guarantees the ongoing assessment to children and to youth under risky conditions such as hospital internment and treatment, since hospitalization creates restrictions to close contact relationships and to sociointeractive school opportunities, in other words, it affects the relationship with classmates and the learning relations mediated by the teacher as well as the intellectual exploration of the social life environments. The purpose of this research is to investigate the information and communication technologies as instruments to facilitate learning of hospitalized children. Therefore, a case study with one hospitalized student was carried out. She attended the hospital class from Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria in 2007 and was enrolled in the 4th grade of a school from Maçambará/RS. The instruments of data collection were semi-structured interview with both the hospital class teacher and the student s mother. The analysis of the collected data was based on the theoretical support provided by Vygotsky s socio-historical theory. Based on the analysis, we observed that self-esteem, motivation and socialization of the participant student became evident through the use of information and communication technologies during learning. As a result of that, it was possible to perceive the importance of using the computer as a support tool to the education process since it makes possible to the learner to have access to new knowledge and new ways of thinking and acting by using school materials in a more ludic and interactive way. / O presente trabalho faz parte do Mestrado em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e está inserido na linha de pesquisa da Educação Especial. O atendimento escolar no ambiente hospitalar e as tecnologias de informação e comunicação são duas temáticas que estão inseridas nas discussões atuais da educação. O atendimento escolar no ambiente hospitalar é efetivado na classe hospitalar, que segundo a Política Nacional de Educação Especial (1994), garante acompanhamento educacional a crianças e jovens em situação de risco, como é o caso da internação ou tratamento hospitalar, uma vez que a hospitalização determina restrições às relações de convivência e às oportunidades sócio-interativas escolares, ou seja, compromete a relação com colegas e as relações de aprendizagem mediadas pelo professor e a exploração intelectual dos ambientes de vida social. A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral investigar as tecnologias de informação e comunicação como instrumentos facilitadores da aprendizagem de uma criança hospitalizada. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso, de uma aluna hospitalizada, que freqüentou a classe hospitalar do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, no ano de 2007, e que estava matriculada na quarta-série de uma escola do município de Maçambará/RS. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com a professora da classe hospitalar e com a mãe da aluna. A análise dos dados coletados teve como base o aporte teórico da Teoria Sócio- Histórica de Vygotsky. A partir da análise dos dados, observamos que foram evidenciadas a auto-estima, a motivação e a socialização da aluna participante da pesquisa, pela utilização das tecnologias de informação e comunicação na aprendizagem. Com isso, foi possível perceber a importância da utilização do computador como ferramenta de apoio ao processo educativo, uma vez que ele possibilita ao educando o acesso a novos conhecimentos e novas formas de pensar e agir, utilizando os materiais da escola de uma forma mais lúdica e interativa.

PINHEIRO, Glícia Rodrigues. Afetividade e ambiente hospitalar: construção de significados pelo paciente oncológico com dor. 2009. 157f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2009. / Submitted by moises gomes (celtinha_malvado@hotmail.com) on 2012-01-09T15:26:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_GRPinheiro.PDF: 3014070 bytes, checksum: 7451b6ebfc6070e2868610693a67a69a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-01-09T15:31:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_GRPinheiro.PDF: 3014070 bytes, checksum: 7451b6ebfc6070e2868610693a67a69a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-09T15:31:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_GRPinheiro.PDF: 3014070 bytes, checksum: 7451b6ebfc6070e2868610693a67a69a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / The category pain has been the object of study from different health professionals. In the hospital context, the pacients bodies seem to speak through the pain, announcing that something is not well and it directly modifies the pacient`s quality of life. In the case of the oncological patients, the pain figures as one of the most present symptom and as one of the most frequent reasons for disability and suffering for people with the cancer in progression. The present study is a research on the socio-cultural aspects of pain, focusing points as the social and cultural construction of the meaning of pain and the influence of hospital environment in the expressions of pain by the patients. This study aimed to comprehend the relationship between the hospital and the oncological patient with pain, over the hospitalization process, through the affection: feelings and emotions. We have chosen the theoretical referencial of Environmental Psychology with historic-cultural and psicossocial focus. When studying the relationship between patient and hospital from the affection, based on that theoretical and methodological perspective, we aimed to surpass the dichotomies men-society, objectivity-subjectivity, biological-social, environmental-subject, rationality-affection. The field research was performed at "Hospital do Câncer – Instituto do Câncer do Ceará". The instruments used were: observation, including conversations with the professionals of the infirmaries; documents consultation (medical records); and construction of affective maps with 10 patients, eight adults and two teenagers, who were hospitalized and had recurrent complaints of pain in the medical records. The data collected were analyzed and were grouped into four thematic categories, named: cancer pain; cultural aspects of pain; hospital; and health care team. By the process of senses articulation called affective map, we made the following images in the hospital environment: Contrast; suffering; pleasantness, and insecurity. We have searched, throughout this work, to relate the patients pain with the feelings and emotions of the subjects in the hospital environment. The results showed how the study of the environment through the affection may promote the humanization and the treatment of oncologic patients with pain. / A categoria dor vem sendo objeto de estudo de diferentes profissionais da saúde. No contexto hospitalar, os corpos parecem se expressar por meio da dor, que anuncia que algo não está bem e altera diretamente a qualidade de vida do paciente. No caso dos pacientes oncológicos, a dor se configura como um dos sintomas mais presentes e como uma das mais freqüentes razões de incapacidade e sofrimento para pessoas com a doença em progressão. O presente trabalho consiste numa investigação sobre os aspectos sócio-culturais da dor, enfocando pontos como a construção social e cultural do significado da dor e a influência do ambiente hospitalar nas manifestações e expressões de dor pelos pacientes. Esse estudo teve como objetivo compreender a inter-relação entre o ambiente hospitalar e o paciente oncológico com dor, ao longo de seu processo de hospitalização, através da afetividade: sentimentos e emoções. Escolhemos o referencial teórico da Psicologia Ambiental de base histórico-cultural e psicossocial. Ao estudar a relação paciente e ambiente hospitalar a partir da afetividade, tendo por base essa perspectiva teórica e metodológica, buscamos superar as dicotomias homem-sociedade, objetividade-subjetividade, biológico-social, sujeito-ambiente e racionalidade-afetividade. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada no Hospital do Câncer – Instituto do Câncer do Ceará. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: observação, incluindo conversas com os profissionais das enfermarias; consulta a documentos (prontuários médicos); e construção dos mapas afetivos com 10 pacientes, sendo oito adultos e dois adolescentes, que estavam hospitalizados e apresentavam queixas recorrentes de dor segundo o prontuário médico. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e foram agrupados em quatro categorias temáticas, a saber: dor oncológica; aspectos culturais da dor; hospital; e equipe de saúde. Por meio do processo de articulação dos sentidos denominado mapa afetivo, formamos as seguintes imagens no ambiente hospitalar: Contraste; sofrimento; agradabilidade; e insegurança. Buscamos, ao longo do trabalho, relacionar o quadro álgico dos pacientes aos sentimentos e emoções dos sujeitos em relação ao ambiente hospitalar. Os resultados apontaram como o estudo do ambiente por intermédio da afetividade pode favorecer a humanização e o tratamento dos pacientes oncológicos com dor.

Hospitalization means a lot of changes for a child. A child does not feel well, is isolated from home, friends, and comes to a new unknown environment full of white coats, fear, and different illnesses. After coming to hospital, a child loses the feeling of safety and is afraid. Fulfilling the child´s needs of certainty and safety is crucial for the child´s healthy development that is why the thesis deals with this topic. The aim of the thesis is to map to what extend the needs of safety and certainty of children are fulfilled in chosen departments. The thesis aims to find out in what way the asked children adapt to the hospital environment and to map the nurses´ approach to the children in the context of fulfilling the needs of safety and certainty as well. In the theoretical part, classification of children´s needs is described and the needs of certainty and safety are characterized. This part deals with adaptation of a child to the hospital environment and cooperation with the family, the role of parents during child´s hospitalisation, and the issue of hospitalism. For the empirical part, qualitative research was chosen via a method of semi-structured interviews with hospitalized children and nurses. The research sample was created by 17 children of younger school age and 6 nurses in the same ratio from three children´s department of Motol University Hospital. When interviewing children, we were finding out how they feel at hospital, what they experience, if they have visitors, if they are not afraid, and how they are informed about the diagnosis, check-ups, and the length of hospitalization. We were interviewing nurses about ensuring the needs of certainty and safety, decreasing fear and pain, common hospitalization of parents and children, and preparation of children for check-ups. On the basis of the analysis of results, we made a conclusion that the needs of safety and certainty are fulfilled to a great extend at children. Children generally adapt to the hospital environment well. Nurses treat them with love and try to devote themselves to them, encourage them and substitute their parents if they are not hospitalized with them. We think, however, that they do no devote enough time to psychosocial anamnesis and that is why an adaptation questionnaire was created which will serve nurses after admitting a child to hospitalization.

Bakgrund: Evidensbaserad Design (EBD) är en process som har utvecklats för att säkerställa att beslut om planering och utformning av vårdmiljön bygger på trovärdig forskning med målet att skapa bästa möjliga resultat för personal, patienter och närstående. Vårdmiljöforskning visar att en välplanerad och genomtänkt fysisk vårdmiljö spelar en viktig roll för patientsäkerhet, patientnöjdhet och arbetstillfredsställelse hos personalen. Inom begreppsramen för EBD ingår den visuella miljön som en variation av den fysiska miljön. Det finns redan mycket forskning som undersöker olika aspekter av den visuella miljön inom vården, men det finns dock lite forskning som beskriver åtgärder som syftar till att förbättra vårdmiljön på en akutmottagning.   Syfte: Att beskriva personalens upplevelse av den visuella miljön på akutmottagningen.   Metod: En kvalitativ induktiv intervjustudie genomfördes vid två akutmottagningar i södra Sverige. Femton (n = 15) intervjuer med legitimerade sjuksköterskor, undersköterskor och läkare utfördes. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Resultat: Personalen vid akutmottagningen upplevde att en balanserad visuell miljö främjar välbefinnande. Balansen består av en integration av klinisk funktionalitet och estetiska intryck. Den visuella miljön kan distrahera på olika sätt, vilket skapar en avledning från stressiga upplevelser. Det kan också uppmuntra nyfikenhet och reflektion. Aspekter av den visuella miljön kan emellertid vara distraherande på ett provocerande sätt vilket i sin tur kan ökar stress. En balanserad visuell miljön skapar atmosfär för vårdande. Den visuella miljön har en stimulerande känslomässig inverkan som kan vara både positiv och negativ samt stimulera delaktighet och dialog.   Slutsats: Att skapa en balanserad visuell miljö på akutmottagningen kräver en helhetssyn som inkludera funktionella och personliga perspektiv. Man kan dra slutsatsen att en balanserad visuell miljö i slutändan kan förbättra atmosfären på akutmottagningen och därmed bidra till en stödjande miljö som främjar en känsla av välbefinnande hos personal, patienter och närstående. / Background: Evidence-based Design (EBD) is a process that has been developed to ensure that decisions on planning and design of the healthcare environment are based on credible research with the goal of creating the best possible outcomes for staff, patients and next-of kin. Research on health care design shows that a well-planned and thought out physical environment plays an important role in patient safety, patient satisfaction and job satisfaction for the staff.  Within the conceptual framework of EBD, the visual environment is included as a variation of the physical environment. There is a substantial amount of research that examines different aspects of the visual environment within healthcare, there is however little research describing interventions aimed at improving the healthcare environment in an emergency department (ED). Purpose: To describe the staff experiences of the visual environment at an ED. Method: A qualitative inductive interview study was conducted at two emergency departments in southern Sweden.  Fifteen (n=15) interviews including registered nurses, assistant nurses and emergency physicians were conducted. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis. Result: The staff at the emergency department experienced that a balanced visual environment promotes well-being. The balance consists of an integration between clinical functionality and aesthetic impressions. The visual environment can be distracting in various ways, creating a diversion from stressful experiences. It can also encourage curiosity and reflection. Aspects of the visual environment can however be equally distracting in a provocative manner, reinforcing stress. The visual environment has a stimulating emotional impact that can be both positive and negative as well as stimulating participation and dialogue. A balanced visuell environment creates an atmosphere which supports caring. Conclusion: Creating a balanced visual environment in the emergency requires a holistic approach incorporating practical and personal perspectives. It can be concluded that providing a balanced visual environment can ultimately improve the atmosphere of the emergency department and thereby promote a sense of well-being in staff, patients and next-of kin.