Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka socionomers uppfattning om förhållningssättet i arbetet med lindrigt utvecklingsstörda föräldrar. Studien syftar även till att undersöka om variationen i förhållningssättet är kopplat till organisation och yrkesroll. Materialet bestod av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med socionomer från tre olika organisationer som arbetar med föräldrar som har lindrig utvecklingsstörning. Dessa var Vuxenhabiliteringen, LSS- verksamheter och Individ- och familjeomsorgen. I studien genomfördes en telefonintervju med en forskare som har expertkunskaper kring utvecklingsarbetet för föräldrar med lindrig utvecklingsstörning.  Forskarens fokus kopplas till socionomernas upplevelser av arbetet, organisationens roll i arbetet samt betydelsen av samverkan.  Studien syftade till att analysera resultatet utifrån två teoretiska perspektiv. Dessa är Gräsrotsbyråkrati samt Människobehandlande organisationer.  Resultatet i studien visar på att socionomerna i dessa organisationer har olika förhållningssätt beroende på den verksamhet som de arbetar i samt den yrkesroll de har i organisationen. Studien indikerade även hur dessa organisationer påverkar föräldraskapet hos lindrigt utvecklingsstörda föräldrar. / The aim of this study was to describe and analyse social workers’ approach in working with parents with mild intellectual disability. The study intends to find out if work approach is related to position and type of organisation. The data consists of six semi structured interviews with social workers from three different organisations that in work meet parents with mild intellectual disability. These organisations were Vuxenhabiliteringen, LSS and Individ- and Familjeomsorgen. In addition, an interview with a researcher that has expert knowledge in development for parents with mild intellectual disability was done. In the analysis the experiences of social workers were linked to organizational tasks and importance of cooperation. The study purposed to analyse the result from two theoretical perspectives; street- level bureaucracy and human-service organisations. The result shows that social workers in the organisations have different approaches dependent on what organisation they work in and the role and working tasks they have in work. The study also indicated how the organisations and their tasks affected the parenthood for persons with mild intellectual disabled parents.

<p>Social workers in this study describes various experiences of the assessments of interventions for children and adolescents. Social workers experience of the many different situations where an assessment of best effort must be made on the basis of BBIC, which is the Social Services investigation records. To make this assessment, the Social workers need social assistance and support of their colleagues and manager. Knowledge mixed with experience is also an important part when it comes to being professional and not let emotions control that could otherwise be happened when the social worker meets and builds relationships with clients. Social workers are also those who will decide which achievement the client needs from the needs. We use systems theory, Hasenfeld´s theory of human services organizations  and Lipsky´s grassroots bureaucrats to analyze how social worker work with clients of different experiences, knowledge and some of their own personal values for the various operations. The efforts in our work we have examined is traditional familycare and MTFC (Multi dementional Treatment Foster Care), we have found that there are different arguments for different actions, but the assessments are made virtually the same assessment model. There are requirements that govern the operation of which is matched with the objectives and resources administration. Social worker also believes that social work is a game where we do not know how the results will be.</p>

Notre travail de recherche porte sur la problématique de la structuration de la gestion des ressources humaines appliquée au champ de l'aide à domicile. La proposition principale de cette recherche est que l'évaluation de la qualité de l'emploi (représentations et pratiques) articulée à l'implication organisationnelle et l'engagement au travail des aides à domicile influence très largement la gestion des ressources humaines dans le secteur de l'aide à domicile, et sa performance. Nous avons d'abord procédé à une revue de la littérature sur le secteur des services à la personne en se focalisant sur l'activité de l'aide à domicile aux personnes âgées. Ensuite, nous avons abordé les différents concepts clés : la qualité de l'emploi, l'implication organisationnelle et l'engagement au travail. Les théories de contrat psychologique et de « care » ont également été mobilisées dans le cadre des relations d'emploi. Puis nous avons réalisé successivement deux études qualitatives à l'aide d'entretiens semi-directifs auprès de salariés et de managers du secteur. Nous avons traité les données à l'aide de deux logiciels (Nvivo et Tropes). Les résultats de cette recherche montrent une hétérogénéité au niveau des représentations de la qualité de l'emploi. Bien que certains éléments positifs aient été relevés, de nombreux points d'ombre demeurent au niveau de ces représentations. Ainsi, les pratiques ne sont pas toujours convergentes, une marge de manœuvre limitée a été constatée, notamment au niveau du financement des formations des salariés. Les deux types d'acteurs qui ont été interrogés n'ont pas la même perception. L'implication organisationnelle des salariés et leur engagement au travail dans ce secteur reposent sur des critères moins classiques par rapport à d'autres domaines. Dans le champ de l'aide à domicile aux personnes âgées, la conscience professionnelle de certains salariés est déterminante et repose sur les qualités relationnelles avec les bénéficiaires. Les liens affectifs qui sont tissés, entrainent plus d'attention, de responsabilité, et le développement d'un sentiment de compétences. Dans cette recherche, tous ces éléments donnent une certaine légitimité à la théorie du care. / This research focuses on the problem of human resources management structuring in the field of home care services. The main proposal of this thesis is that, the evaluation of work quality (representations and practices) connected to work commitment and job involvement of home care employees, influence widely human resources management and its performance in this sector. We initially conducted a literature review in the sector of person-toperson services, we focused on the home care service activities. Then, we analysed the various key concepts: employment quality, work commitment and job involvement. Psychological contract and “care” theories were also mobilized within the framework of the employment relations. Then we successively carried out two qualitative studies using semi-directing interviews with the employees and managers of the sector. We analysed the data using two software (Nvivo and Tropes).We noted a heterogeneity of work quality representations. Although some positive elements were raised, a number of areas in people's representations are still unclear. The practices are not always convergent; a limited scope was noted particularly in the financing of employee's trainings. These two types of actors who were questioned do not have the same perception. Work commitment and job involvement of the employees in this sector are not based on classical criteria compared to the other fields. In the area of home care of elderly, the conscientiousness of Home Help aides is crucial and relies on interpersonal skills. The emotional ties developed between Home Help aides and users; involve more sense of responsibility and the development of a kind of competence feeling. In this research, all these elements give certain legitimacy to the “care” theory.

The aim of this study was to examine the definition and meaning of a relationship-based social work, and what conditions are required for the professional to manage such. Based on seven qualitative interviews with professional social workers who work with children and adolescents, a thematic analysis was conducted based on the theoretical frameworks of Symbolic Interactionism and the organisational theories of Human Service Organisations and Street-Level Bureaucracy. The main results confirm the importance of the relationship between the client and the professional according to the respondents. Role clarity and empathy through self-awareness were seen as important qualities of the professional to maintain a good relationship with the child, for whom this might lead to a sense of security through the relationship continuity. Mentioned conditions that facilitated the possibility of relationship based client work were mostly organisational variables such as time and discretion. These were variables that varied depending on the organisation that the professionals worked within, leading to a comparative discussion between the organisational conditions of social services and schools. Another theme identified was experience which seemed to matter as a personal skill. These conditions affect the professional’s ability to create and maintain relationships with the children.

The aim of this study was to examine the definition and meaning of a relationship-based social work, and what conditions are required for the professional to manage such. Based on seven qualitative interviews with professional social workers who work with children and adolescents, a thematic analysis was conducted based on the theoretical frameworks of Symbolic Interactionism and the organisational theories of Human Service Organisations and Street-Level Bureaucracy. The main results confirm the importance of the relationship between the client and the professional according to the respondents. Role clarity and empathy through self-awareness were seen as important qualities of the professional to maintain a good relationship with the child, for whom this might lead to a sense of security through the relationship continuity. Mentioned conditions that facilitated the possibility of relationship based client work were mostly organisational variables such as time and discretion. These were variables that varied depending on the organisation that the professionals worked within, leading to a comparative discussion between the organisational conditions of social services and schools. Another theme identified was experience which seemed to matter as a personal skill. These conditions affect the professional’s ability to create and maintain relationships with the children.

Sjukfrånvaron inom de svenska kommunala vård- och omsorgsorganisationerna ökar. Samtidigt har en organiserings- och styrningsförändring skett inom dessa organisationer de senaste decennierna i form av införandet av New Public Management (NPM) och dess reformer. Studien syftade till att genom en kvalitativ fallstudie få en ökad förståelse för hur psykosociala och organisatoriska faktorer tillsammans kunde ha inverkan på en kommunal vård- och omsorgsorganisations sjukfrånvaro för organisationens medarbetare inom kontaktyrken och dess chefer. Detta utifrån att identifiera vad organisationens sjukfrånvaro orsakades av samt för att föreslå åtgärder för att förebygga framtida sjukfrånvaro. För att uppfylla syftet och studiens frågeställningar genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med totalt 19 intervjupersoner som representerade de arbetsgrupper med organisationens högsta och lägsta sjuktal under 2019 samt de chefsgrupper med organisationens högsta och lägsta sjuktal under 2019. Empirin analyserades utifrån den teoretiska referensramen. Denna innefattade tidigare forskning samt teorier gällande NPM, struktureringsteori, psykosociala sjukfrånvarofaktorer, organisatoriska sjukfrånvarofaktorer, psykosociala friskfaktorer, organisatoriska friskfaktorer samt organisationshälsa. Studiens resultat visade på tre framträdande psykosociala sjukfrånvarofaktorer för medarbetare respektive chefer, fyra organisatoriska sjukfrånvarofaktorer för medarbetare respektive chefer, fyra psykosociala friskfaktorer för medarbetare respektive chefer samt fyra organisatoriska friskfaktorer för medarbetare och fem organisatoriska friskfaktorer för chefer. Resultaten visade att de psykosociala och organisatoriska sjukfrånvaro- och friskfaktorerna påverkade varandra, att det fanns ett samband mellan chefers och medarbetares upplevda arbetsmiljö samt att sjukfrånvaron framförallt kunde härledas till strukturer medan frisknärvaron istället kunde härledas till individers handlingar. Tio åtgärder för att minska sjukfrånvaron inom kommunala vård- och omsorgsorganisationer presenterades utifrån studiens resultat och potentiell vidare forskning har föreslagits. / Sickness absence within the Swedish municipal healthcare organizations is increasing. At the same time, there has been a change in organization and governance within these organizations in recent decades in the form of the introduction of New Public Management (NPM) and its reforms. The study aimed to gain a better understanding of how psychosocial and organizational factors together could have an impact on a municipal healthcare organization's sickness absence, regarding employees in the human service profession and its managers, through a qualitative case study. This to identify what was causing the organization's sickness absence and on proposing measures to prevent future sickness absence. To fulfill the purpose and study questions, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 19 informants representing the working groups with the organization's highest and lowest sickness numbers in 2019 and the management groups with the highest and lowest sickness numbers in 2019. The empirical data was analyzed based on the theoretical frame of reference. This included previous research as well as theories of NPM, structuring theory, psychosocial sickness absence factors, organizational sickness absence factors, psychosocial health factors, organizational health factors and organizational health. The study's results showed three prominent psychosocial sickness absence factors for employees and managers, four organizational sickness absence factors for employees and managers, four psychosocial health factors for employees and managers, four organizational health factors for employees and five organizational health factors for managers. The results showed that the psychosocial and organizational sickness absence and health factors affected each other, that there was a connection between managers and employees perceived work environment and that the sickness absence could primarily be attributed to structures, while work attendance instead could be attributed to individuals' actions. Ten measures to reduce sickness absence within municipal healthcare organizations has been presented based on the results of the study, as well as suggestions for further research.

The thesis is a qualitative study from critical theory perspectives to enhance understanding of how systemically mainstream organizations marginalize social work practice with ethno-racial minorities. It also explores strategic implications for systemic change based on field research findings. Ten social workers from Edmonton – the provincial capital city of Alberta, Canada - participated in investigative dialogues for the thesis field research. These research participants’ workplace stories lend themselves to explore three questions: what does marginalization of practice with ethno-racial minorities look like in mainstream organizational settings; what is there to understand about it as a systemic issue and what the research findings imply for change strategies. A critical analysis of dialogic data thematically identifies everyday work issues that describe how practice with ethno-racial minorities is kept at the operational and service-delivery fringe of individual workplaces. These thematic findings point to broader issues of the mainstream human service organization sector. These broader issues further highlight how the practice marginalization of concern in this thesis is a systemically constructed issue. These broader issues are mainstream benevolence, social work as an employment regime, multicultural service delivery as a thrill and clientization of ethno-racial minorities. In consideration of these sector-wide issues, implied change strategies reveal three thematic directions for systemic transformational change: (i) continued dialoguing involving concerned social workers and ethno-racial minority community leaders, (ii) community social work to build and foster coalitionary activist work and organizations, and (iii) participatory research involving a community sharing concern of the practice marginalization issue so as to build a strong knowledge-base to support and empower broad-base activist endeavour to effect change about mainstream human service organizations. / Social Work / D. Phil. (Social Work)

The thesis is a qualitative study from critical theory perspectives to enhance understanding of how systemically mainstream organizations marginalize social work practice with ethno-racial minorities. It also explores strategic implications for systemic change based on field research findings. Ten social workers from Edmonton – the provincial capital city of Alberta, Canada - participated in investigative dialogues for the thesis field research. These research participants’ workplace stories lend themselves to explore three questions: what does marginalization of practice with ethno-racial minorities look like in mainstream organizational settings; what is there to understand about it as a systemic issue and what the research findings imply for change strategies. A critical analysis of dialogic data thematically identifies everyday work issues that describe how practice with ethno-racial minorities is kept at the operational and service-delivery fringe of individual workplaces. These thematic findings point to broader issues of the mainstream human service organization sector. These broader issues further highlight how the practice marginalization of concern in this thesis is a systemically constructed issue. These broader issues are mainstream benevolence, social work as an employment regime, multicultural service delivery as a thrill and clientization of ethno-racial minorities. In consideration of these sector-wide issues, implied change strategies reveal three thematic directions for systemic transformational change: (i) continued dialoguing involving concerned social workers and ethno-racial minority community leaders, (ii) community social work to build and foster coalitionary activist work and organizations, and (iii) participatory research involving a community sharing concern of the practice marginalization issue so as to build a strong knowledge-base to support and empower broad-base activist endeavour to effect change about mainstream human service organizations. / Social Work / D. Phil. (Social Work)

The study examines family law secretaries’ descriptions of working with parents and children in matters of custody, residence and contact. In addition, the study intends to shed light on the activities that family law secretaries work with, as well as examine the family law secretaries’ descriptions of the interpersonal meeting between a client and a person in authority. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with seven family law secretaries in southern Sweden. The collected data has been analyzed using a thematic analysis. The study’s theoretical premises are based on Yeheskel Hasenfeld’s human service organizations, Michael Lipsky’s street-level bureaucrats, power according to Michel Foucault and the concept of empowerment. By investigating the family law secretaries’ descriptions of the purpose of the activities informational dialogue, collaborative talks and contract, it emerges that the family law’s ambition is to, as far as possible, prevent parental conflicts from leading to disputes in court. Throughout, family law secretaries highlight the importance of a children's law perspective where the best interests of the child should be taken into account based on the individual and his or her situation. Furthermore, there is a common perception among all family law secretaries regarding the dilemma they face as representatives of an organization and fellow human beings. They describe how they have both a little and a large amount of power at the same time, something that has an impact on the room for action of the family law secretaries. In the study’s discussion reasoning is carried out using previous research and the study’s theoretical premises. Among other things it is discussed how the family law secretaries need to take into account factors at both individual, group and societal level, when it comes to working with families. / Studien undersöker familjerättssekreterares beskrivningar av att arbeta med föräldrar och barn i frågor kring vårdnad, boende och umgänge. Dessutom avser studien att belysa de aktiviteter som familjerätten arbetar med samt undersöka familjerättssekreterarnas beskrivningar av det mellanmänskliga mötet mellan klient och myndighetsperson. Studien bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju familjerättssekreterare i södra Sverige. De insamlade data har analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter bygger på Yeheskel Hasenfelds människobehandlande organisationer, Michael Lipskys gräsrotsbyråkrater, makt enligt Michel Foucault samt begreppet empowerment. Genom att undersöka familjerättssekreterarnas beskrivningar av syftet med aktiviteterna informationssamtal, samarbetssamtal och avtal framkommer att familjerättens ambition är att så långt det är möjligt förhindra att föräldrars konflikter leder till tvister i domstol. Genomgående belyser familjerättssekreterarna vikten av ett barnrättsperspektiv där barnets bästa bör beaktas utifrån den enskilde individen och dennes situation. Vidare förekommer en gemensam uppfattning bland samtliga familjerättssekreterare kring det dilemma de står i som organisationsrepresentant samt medmänniska. De beskriver hur de har lite och mycket makt på samma gång, något som får en inverkan på familjerättssekreterarnas handlingsutrymme. I studiens diskussion förs ett resonemang med hjälp av tidigare forskning och studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter. Det diskuteras bland annat hur familjerättssekreterarna behöver ta hänsyn till faktorer på både individ-, grupp- och samhällsnivå när det kommer till arbetet med familjerna.

本論文では、ヒューマン・サービス分野における動物介在プログラムの組織的機能を多角的に評価し、動物介在プログラムを導入することの意義について論じている。 / This paper discusses the significance of introducing Animal Assisted Program by multilaterally evaluating the organizational function of Animal Assisted Program at the field of Human Service. / 博士(政策科学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Policy and Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University