The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single bout of moderate-intensity exercise on acute (ad libitum lunch) post-exercise energy intake (PE-EI) and 12-hour energy intake in normal-weight and overweight sedentary males. Accuracy in estimating energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE), solid vs. liquid carbohydrate intake, mood, and perceived hunger were also assessed. The study consisted of two conditions, exercise and rest, with each subject participating in each condition, in a counterbalanced-crossover design on two days. The participants were randomly assigned to either the exercise or resting (seated) control condition on the first day of the experiment, and then the condition was reversed on the second day. Exercise consisted of walking on a treadmill at moderate-intensity for 60 minutes. Eighty males, mean age 30+8 years were categorized into five groups according to weight status (overweight/normal-weight), dietary restraint status (high/low), and dieting status (yes/no). The main effects of condition and group, and the interaction were not significant for acute (lunch) or 12-hour PE-EI. Overall, participants estimated EE for exercise at 46% higher than actual exercise EE, and they estimated EE for rest by 45% lower than actual resting EE. Participants significantly underestimated EI at lunch on both the exercise and rest days by 43% and 44%, respectively. Participants with high restraint were significantly better at estimating EE on the exercise day, and better at estimating EI on the rest day. Mood, perceived hunger, and solid vs. liquid carbohydrate intake were not influenced by dietary restraint, weight, or dieting status. In conclusion, a single bout of moderate-intensity exercise did not influence PE-EI in sedentary males in reference to dietary restraint, weight, and dieting status. Results also suggested that among sedentary males, there is a general inability to accurately estimate calories for moderate-intensity physical activity and EI. Inaccurate estimates of EE and EI have the potential to influence how males manage their weight.

[pt] Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o Programa Subsidio de Alimentos (PSA) em Moçambique, especialmente em Cahora Bassa (Tete) com o intuito de compreender as repercussões do programa nas condições de vida das famílias de acordo com suas próprias visões. De maneira específica, buscámos conhecer o perfil dos beneficiários; apresentar suas principais carências; o conhecimento das titulares acerca do programa, as principais repercussões em suas condições de vida; analisar os significados que atribuem ao PSA e verificar se o PSA estaria contribuindo para a utilização de serviços sociais, como o acesso à alimentação e saúde. A pesquisa procurou fazer um levantamento bibliográfico sobre as políticas socais em Moçambique, relacionados à pesquisa. Também foi realizada a pesquisa de campo desenvolvida por meio de 30 (trinta) entrevistas em profundidade, sendo vinte e cinco com beneficiários do PSA e cinco com gestores do programa, a partir de um roteiro previamente elaborado. A pesquisa indicou que a população reconhece o PSA como uma ajuda que contribui de forma significativa no orçamento familiar, promove a manutenção ou uma maior variedade na alimentação ou mesmo o acesso a bens de consumo, mesmo considerando problemas em sua execução ligada ao baixo valor do benefício que varia de acordo com a renda familiar per capita e com a estrutura familiar, e mais cautelosos em relação às críticas. Por outro lado, os gestores indicam que predomina a aprovação e a percepção de que o PSA tem efeitos e resultados positivos uma vez que permite a ruptura com o ciclo vicioso da pobreza, e a saída permanente dos beneficiários dessa situação em Moçambique. Porém, sendo financiamento externo o principal instrumento de realização do PSA, o programa enfrenta limitações para se efetivação e expansão devido à escassez de recursos financeiros do governo os quais apontam o impacto da insegurança alimentar nas estruturas familiares, cuja expressão mais severa é a fome. / [en] This study was developed to evaluate the Benefit Food Program (PSA) in Mozambique, especially in Cahora Bassa (Tete) in order to understand the program s impact on the living conditions of families according to their own views. Specifically, we sought to know the profile of the beneficiaries; present their main needs; the knowledge of the owners about the program, the main impact on their living conditions; analyze the meanings they attach to PSA and verify that the PSA would be contributing to the use of social services, such as access to food and health. The research sought to review the literature on socais policies in Mozambique, related to the research. It was also carried out field research developed through thirty (30) indepth interviews, twenty-five with PSA beneficiaries and five program managers, from a previously prepared script. Research has indicated that the population recognizes the PSA as an aid that contributes significantly to the family budget, promotes maintenance or a greater variety in food or access to consumer goods, even considering problems in implementation connected to the low value of benefit varies according to family income and family structure, and more cautious with regard to criticism. On the other hand, managers indicate that dominates the approval and the perception that the PSA has effects and positive results since it allows to break the vicious cycle of poverty, and the permanent departure of the beneficiaries of this situation in Mozambique. However, with external funding the main instrument for implementing the PSA, the program has limitations to effective and expansion due to lack of government funds which point the impact of food insecurity in family structures, the most severe expression is hunger.

This thesis aims to highlight, analyse and problematize how sexualities and relationships are constructed as normative and deviant in the Hunger Games trilogy through the character Katniss Everdeen. With this analysis, the thesis aims to further elucidate the pluralism of meaning within literature as a contribution to the field of feminist cultural studies. Queer theory and queer temporality studies have been used to identify and discuss concepts such as the heterosexual matrix, monogamy and mononormativity, polyamory and other marginalized sexualities. A thematic queer reading serves as a methodological approach to the material to enable searching for queer themes in the series. The thesis shows how heterosexuality and monogamy are constructed and portrayed as normative and compulsory, where all other expressions of sexuality are presented as deviant and thereby can be view as different expressions of queer temporality.

Insufficient sleep duration and poor sleep quality can potentiate weight gain and obesity in adolescents. Furthermore, overweight and obese females are at unique risk for insufficient sleep and associated health complications. We examined self-reported sleep duration and self-reported adequacy of sleep duration as potential moderators of the relationship between eating behavior and several cognitive processes including hedonic hunger, executive dysfunction, and self-control. We used a multisystemic conceptual framework to highlight the pathways that may explain the relationship between sleep behaviors and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). The study employed a cross-sectional design. Participants completed baseline measures of height and weight, self-control, executive functioning, hedonic hunger, and sleep functioning. Self-report of poor sleep adequacy directly influenced executive dysfunction which consequently explained a decrease in self-control functioning. Moreover, we evaluated whether sleep deprivation and extension influences caloric intake. We offer novel yet promising evidence that 9 hrs of sleep fostered greater self-control functioning which promoted intake of 484.69 fewer calories per day compared to sleep deprivation. Our study is well-positioned to improve understanding of individual cognitive subsystems and the mechanism that underlies the influence of sleep behavior on weight-related behaviors among overweight and obese females. Findings from this study have the potential to inform health interventions that promote healthy eating and sleep behaviors.

Venezuela faces today an unprecedented social and political collapse that extends beyond the critical economy and the violence; a deadly combination of severe shortages of food and medicine which makes it extraordinarily difficult for most Venezuelans to obtain essential medical care and the adequate minimal nutritional intake to ensure survival. The primary concern of this research is to answer the question of how do visual representations of Venezuela’s humanitarian disaster elucidate the deterioration of the quality of life of its younger citizens? This study aims to examine and better understand the effects and implications of Venezuela’s humanitarian crisis on its citizenry through the use of photography as a method of qualitative research, by paying particular attention to young Venezuelans and their role as social and political agents. The study of young people’s reali- ties through photographs provides an unique opportunity to appraise and comprehend real processes of social exchange; the ways in which visual images can be understood differently by different sub- jects in different socio-cultural spheres in the context of a humanitarian disaster. However, in order to enlarge the possibilities of conventional empirical research and withstand the intrinsic subjectivi- ty of qualitative research, these visual representations were inserted into photo-interviews. Both the photographs and the photo-interviews of this study were analysed and interpreted by using the ana- lytical approach of thick description. In this regard, this dissertation seeks to examine the length and complexity of an emergency situation by seeking to raise awareness and procure critical understanding about the colossal dimension of Venezuelan’s humanitarian crisis and its disastrous consequences on more than 30 million people.

489 Days is an animated documentary about the harrowing experiences of Egyptian-American Mohamed Soltan, who survived 16 months of hunger strike in an Egyptian prison. Caught up in the political turmoil which followed the Arab Spring uprisings, Soltan was unjustly incarcerated between August 2013 and May 2015, when the United States government intervened to release him weeks after an Egyptian court sentenced him to life in prison. The film is also the larger story of an estimated 60,000 political detainees currently held in Egypt without due process, and in violation of local and international human rights conventions.

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Food relates to the experience of life, survival, and memory. It impacts us every day, whether we have plenty of it or not. It influences our memories and connects us to one another, while structuring details of our identities and cultures. As a creative writer and English major, I recognize that food influences a story to accentuate literary concepts and unveil them, such as a character’s compassion or the poison that a villain uses to unfold the plot. The best example of food as an impactful device within a story is The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins. From the first chapter onward, Collins grants food deeper relevance in her book’s themes, the characters’ lives, and the world of Panem. Food studies explore the impact of food on societies and the world, which underly the concept of food as a device in the Hunger Games. For this thesis, I will explain specific utilizations of food as a literary device in the Hunger Games as it functions in world building, characterization, and plot momentum.

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