Global ETD Search

231	Influence of Hedgehog signaling and starvation on selected aspects of liver metabolism Rennert, Christiane 26 July 2019 (has links) The liver is the central metabolic hub in organisms and a complex, intertwining regulatory network guarantees efficient liver processes. The morphogenic Hedgehog pathway was recently shown to play a role in regulating the underlying genetic program. Transgenic mouse models with hepatocyte-specific inactivation of Hedgehog signaling showed alterations in insulin-like growth factor homeostasis and in energy metabolism associated with increased lipid accumulation in the liver. In this thesis, it was possible to connect the observed infertility of female knockout mice with an unexpected activation of sex steroid synthesis in the liver. Associated with increased steroidogenic gene expression exclusively in hepatocytes, the plasma testosterone level was significantly elevated, which led to androgenization and an anovulatory phenotype. With these characteristics, the mouse model mimicked the human polycystic ovarian syndrome and suggested an influence of liver and hepatic Hedgehog signaling on reproduction under disease conditions. Further, murine liver metabolism was challenged with starvation starting at different times of day. The transcriptomic results were analyzed with a self-organizing map approach, allowing an intuitive interpretation of data and a thus far unknown diurnally different response of hepatic regulatory mechanisms due to starvation was revealed. In contrast to the manifoldly published and observed switch from energy-consuming to energy-providing processes due to starvation started in the morning, evening starvation led to a novel hepatic expression signature with decreased gluconeogenic gene expression and increased levels of lipid and steroid metabolism-related genes. These differences can be explained by the equally diurnally regulated expression of the corresponding regulatory transcription factors and hormones. Additionally, lipidome analysis confirmed the diurnal differences after starvation. Thus, this study emphasized the immense impact of circadian regulation on liver metabolism and suggests high accuracy when starvation is the focus of research to avoid varying results.:BIBLIOGRAPHISCHE DARSTELLUNG ................................................................................ II LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. III TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... IV SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 1 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ......................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 9 Liver architecture and metabolism ..................................................................................... 9 Diverse possibilities of liver metabolism regulation .......................................................... 10 Connection of Hedgehog signaling to hepatic metabolism ............................................... 10 Impact of feeding schemes on hepatic metabolism .......................................................... 13 Aims of the thesis ............................................................................................................ 14 References ...................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................ 18 CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................................ 39 PERSPECTIVE ................................................................................................................... 64 CURRICULUM VITAE ........................................................................................................... V PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS ............................................................................ VI Publications ...................................................................................................................... VI Oral presentations ............................................................................................................ VI Poster presentations ........................................................................................................ VII AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION STATEMENT .......................................................................... VIII SELBSTSTÄNDIGKEITSERKLÄRUNG .............................................................................. XII DANKSAGUNG .................................................................................................................. XIII info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/570 ddc:570
232	Food Banks, Food Drives, and Food Insecurity: The Social Canstruction® of Hunger De Roux-Smith, Iris 11 1900 (has links) Food banks have become an institutionalized response to helping individuals and families gain access to food as wages have stagnated, employment becomes more precarious, and social entitlements have dramatically declined over the years. Food banks were supposed to be a temporary stop gap measure in response to the recession of 1980. Thirty-three years later, food banks have proliferated across Canada in assisting a growing population in need of their services. I present an analysis of how food bank suppliers use the concept of hunger in a fundraising campaign called Canstruction® to understand how it relates to people’s perception of this social problem in our society. This qualitative research study uses discourse analysis to unpack the solicitation discourse used at Canstruction® events held in Waterloo and Toronto, Ontario in 2014. I have collected data from three different groups: persons who designed and installed their artwork at the Canstruction® Toronto event; persons who volunteer at a food bank; and people who have food insecurity experience. The findings indicate a differentiated understanding of hunger within the solicitation discourse for each research group: Canstruction® participants, food bank volunteers, and persons with food insecurity experience. The Canstruction® participants’ absorption of the solicitation discourse produced a limited understanding about hunger in our society. The food bank volunteer group agreed with the solicitation discourse but their images of hunger illustrated deeper criticisms of the event and food bank system. The participant group with food insecurity experience expressed the greatest amount of criticism against the food bank’s solicitation discourse and their images of hunger reflected their psycho-social experience of living in poverty. Also, an overwhelming majority of research participants with food insecurity wanted a food bank system that was more responsive to their needs and that honoured human dignity. My study on the social construction of hunger portrayed by food banks highlights how this knowledge is reinforced, reproduced and challenged through a food drive that creates packaged food items into artwork and from images described by research participants. These insights have the potential to shift the discourse away from the branding of hunger as a matter of charity and move towards discussing its fundamental causes: poverty and social inequality. / Thesis / Master of Social Work (MSW) Food Security Food Insecurity Food Banks Hunger Discourse Analysis Food Drives Canada Social Construction Arts Based Research
233	Havoc-making Heroines in Young Adult Dystopian Literature Vega, Stephanie 11 1900 (has links) This study explores the latent operation of Western gender norms in popular female-centred Young Adult (YA) dystopian texts. By examining adolescent female protagonists and the nature of their social havoc-making, this study investigates how reconstructed and recalibrated definitions of femininity ultimately re-inscribe a patriarchal status quo. The five havoc-making heroines under consideration are: Katniss Everdeen of Suzanne Collins’ “Hunger Games” trilogy, Saba in Moira Young’s “Dustlands” trilogy, Deuce in Ann Aguirre’s “Razorland” trilogy, Tris Prior in Veronica Roth’s “Divergent” series, and finally, Cassie Sullivan in Rick Yancey’s THE 5TH WAVE. Although these YA havoc-making heroines rebel against oppressive governmental regimes, I recognize the implicit and explicit construction of their bodies and their behaviours through male-influence. Their male counterparts play a large role in shaping how these heroines look and behave—they perform and appear as masculinized warriors and as feminized delicate beauties in accordance with the political and personal desires of male characters. Through such constructions, these contemporary havoc-makers demonstrate a collision of heroisms: they look and act as conventional action heroines and romance heroines. Including theoretical texts from the 1990s and onward that feature feminist scholarly writing on the textual and filmic representations of women—such as Dawn Heinecken’s THE WARRIOR WOMEN OF TELEVISION and Sherrie A. Inness’ TOUGH GIRLS—I investigate how these young heroines are shaped as per the genres of Action/Adventure and Romance fiction. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / This study looks at depictions of Young Adult heroines in popular YA dystopian fictions. Works under consideration: Collins' THE HUNGER GAMES trilogy, Young's "Dustlands" series, Aguirre's ENCLAVE, Roth's DIVERGENT and Yancey's THE 5TH WAVE.
234	"A Creature the Capitol Never Intended to Exist": Katniss Everdeen, Muttations, and the Mockingjay as Cyborgs in The Hunger Games Trilogy Williams, Britni Marie 29 May 2015 (has links) No description available. American Literature Literature The Hunger Games Suzanne Collins ecocriticism cyborgs Katniss Everdeen Mockingjay nature culture Catching Fire muttations Haraway young adult
235	The Right to Food and Negative Duties: The urgency of an alternative approach toward hunger amidst an overbearing institutional order Janke, Christine January 2011 (has links) Hunger currently plagues over one billion people around the world, leaving mainly women, children and rural communities in post-colonial developing countries unable to obtain their most basic need for nutrition. The fundamental human right to food is found to be a complex human right involving a combination of both positive and negative duties by states and international institutions in order for its guarantee. Hunger is not only remediable but is highly preventable. Main causal factors of hunger are outlined, with a focus on Thomas Pogge’s claim that coercive international institutions are largely responsible for world poverty. In this way, global institutions are responsible not to cause harm in their economic policies and unfair trade rules in order for individuals to obtain economic access to food and thus remedy their hunger. Hunger poverty right to food subsistence basic needs basic rights Pogge negative duties SAPs development Social Sciences Samhällsvetenskap
236	HUNGER IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND CONTESTATION IN THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE OF FOOD SECURITY Margulis, Matias E. 04 1900 (has links) <p>Rising levels of food insecurity is currently one of the most pressing issues in global politics. While the United Nations (UN) system has traditionally been responsible for addressing world hunger, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has emerged as a major site of global food security governance. As a result, the UN system and WTO now share authority over the global governance of food security. There are major tensions between these two regimes, with WTO trade rules making agriculture and food increasingly subject to market forces, while, in sharp contrast, the UN advances a human rights approach to food and a greater role for states and deeper constraints on the market. The WTO’s expanding authority over food security has prompted a counter-movement by the UN system, with UN institutions actively seeking to shape WTO trade rules in an attempt to limit the negative impacts of trade liberalization on world food security. This study develops a theory of international organizations as semi-autonomous actors that influence outcomes at competing institutional sites of global governance. This theoretical model, and its supporting empirical investigation, provide a novel contribution to the International Relations and International Political Economy literature on the role of state and non-state actors in contesting global governance. In particular, this study demonstrates that international organizations: act behind the scenes and in hidden ways in inter-state negotiations; perceive and adapt to new hierarchical configurations of power at the global level; and, engage in transnational political action that is motivated by moral and ethical concerns.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Global Governance Agriculture and Food Hunger International Organizations United Nations World Trade Organization International Relations International Trade Political Economy International Relations
237	Les écritures de la faim : éléments pour une ontologie de la faim / The writings of hunger : elements for an ontology of hunger / As escrituras da fome : elementos para uma ontologia da fome Lucereau, Jérôme 13 December 2016 (has links) Le thème de la faim est récurrent dans les littératures du monde entier. primordial, originel, ce thème, dont le champ lexical est souvent convoqué pour attester de l'importance des pulsions humaines, ne fait pourtant l'objet, jusqu'à présent, que de peu d'intérêts de la part des spécialistes de la littérature générale comparée tout comme, d'ailleurs, de la part des philosophes. il s'agit donc d'établir un corpus représentatif des typologies d'écriture de la faim, de proposer une ou plusieurs taxinomie(s) pour, ensuite, approfondir l'analyse critique des différents discours de la faim par plusieurs topiques portant sur l'identité des affamés, les mythes de la faim, la mystique,le jeûne, l'humour de la faim ou bien encore les conséquences particulières de la faim lorsqu'elle est instrumentalisée par un pouvoir politique. cette large analyse critique des différents discours de (et sur) la faim doit permettre d'envisager la crédibilité et les éléments structurants de ce qui pourrait être désigné comme une ‘ontologie de la faim' au sens d'une refondation des rapports de l'homme et de son environnement. le corpus d'œuvres n'est pas restreint à une époque ou à une zone géographique particulière. il s'agit de puiser tout autant dans les littératures anciennes, classiques, modernes, postmodernes que contemporaines dans la mesure où la faim n'est pas l'apanage d'un temps ou d'une civilisation particuliers mais une donnée brute, première et native de l'humain. / The theme of hunger is recurrent in the literatures of the entire world. Primordial, original, this theme, which the lexical field is often summoned to attest to the importance of human impulses, is not yet a subject of great interest on the part of literary scholars General and compared, as well as from the philosophers. The purpose of this work is therefore to establish a representative pattern of writings of the hunger, to define typologies of hunger, to provide one or more taxonomy (s) to then deepen the critical analysis of various speeches from hunger by several topics as the identity of the hungry man, hunger myths, mysticism and fasting, the humour of the hunger, the particular consequences of hunger when it is manipulated by a political power, the ethics of starvation, etc. This broad critical analysis of the different discourses of hunger should allow to consider the credibility and the structuring elements of what could be called an "ontology of hunger" in the sense of a radical reform and rebuilding of the reports of the man and his environment. The references used in this work are not restricted to a time or a particular geographical area. We’ll tap as much in ancient literatures, classical, modern, postmodern, contemporary as well as technical studies because hunger is not the prerogative of a time or a particular civilization but raw, first and original data of the human being. / O tema da fome é quase sistemático nas literaturas do mundo inteiro. Primordial, original, esse assunto (cuja léxico é bastante utilizado como campo metafórico para descrever as pulsões humanas, (amor, paixão, ódio, etc.)foi, portanto, pouco examinado e são poucas as estudas que se focalizam sobre este tema, seja literárias ou filosóficas.O alcance da tese é descrever essa "terra desconhecida" e propor uma taxinomia dos famintos assim que, depois de pesquisar a identidade dos famintos, os mitos da fome, a mística dela, o humor e as consequências sobre a política, o poder e os aspectos jurídicos, elaborar um ontologia da fome ou, pelo menos, os primeiros elementos desse ontologia que poderia liderar uma mudança importante sobre a origem do sentido ética da fome. Affamé Aliment Anorexie. Besoins Boulimie Concept de faim Dévoration Digestion Exil Excrétion Faim Famine Grève de la faim Humour Honte Identité des affamés Ingestion Isolement Jeûne Manque Mystique Mythe Nourriture Ontologie Origine Politique Repas Révolte Taxinomie Typologie de la faim Violence Anorexia Bulimia Concept of hunger Devouring Digestion Exile Fasting Food. Humour Hunger Hunger strike Hungry Identity Ingestion Isolation Lack Meal Mystical Needs Ontology Origin Politic Powder Revolt Shame Starvation. Taxonomy Typology Violence Fome Faminto Politica da fome Seca Estetica da fome Violencia da fome Retirantes Fome zero Mitologia da fome Escritura da fome
238	A study of food insecurity and rural development in the Gambia: the impact of rural weekly markets (Lumos) Sanneh Patrick, Sarjo January 1900 (has links) Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / Gerad D. Middendorf / Food insecurity poses an enormous challenge and is a matter of extreme urgency for The Gambia, where more than half of the population lives below the poverty line. Although extensive research confirms the problems of food insecurity in Africa, no research has concurrently advanced a bottom-up and top-down neo-endogenous theoretical framework to explore 1) the dynamics of food insecurity in The Gambia and 2) the extent to which measures used to combat it have had a positive impact. The current research aims to fill this gap by employing concurrent triangulation (mixed) methods that incorporate primary and secondary data sources. As envisaged by the neo-endogenous approach, structured interviews with participants in the weekly rural markets/ Lumo(s), underscore the crucial role this indigenous marketing system plays. This marketing system embeds socioeconomic activities in rural territories through the utilization of social and cultural capital that reduce transaction costs involved in direct marketing. Consequently this initiative increases Wassu community’s access to food and stabilizes the food supply. The results also reveal moderate effects of various interventions, particularly in the Western and North Bank divisions, where agricultural production of various crops and livestock has improved the livelihood of those rural communities. At the local level, the allocation of a greater proportion of arable land to coarse grain production along with the decline in peanut production hold great promise for reducing the problem of food insecurity. Although food insecurity still prevails in much of rural Gambia as indicated by the scale of stunting among children under age five, measures are being taken to address the problem. Combined with intervention projects and other developmental effects, the potential for the Lumo(s) to reverse food insecurity in the country is great, contingent upon the central government and international lending agencies’ devolution of significant powers and transfer of funds directly to rural territories. Food insecurity in The Gambia Rural development in The Gambia Neo-endogenous approach Embeddedness Rural poverty and hunger in Africa Sociology, General (0626)
239	Filosofin i barn- och ungdomslitteraturen : en studie kring filosofiska tankegångar i Nalle Puh, Liftarens guide till galaxen, Hungerspelen och Flugornas herre / Philosophy in children's literature : a study of philosophical thoughts in Winnie the Pooh, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, The Hunger Games and Lord of the Flies Zárate, Christian January 2015 (has links) Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka om barn och ungdomslitteraturen tillägnat sig filosofiska tankegångar och hur detta har utryckts i fyra skönlitterära verk. Barnlitteraturen används i skolan framförallt för att öka läsförståelse och ordkunskap. I denna studie har jag pekat på att litteraturen även kan föra fram filosofiska idéer. Uppsatsen kan fungera som en vägvisare till hur filosofiska idéer kan hämtas från skönlitteraturen och på så sätt exemplifiera dessa med hjälp av litteraturen, men också hur vi på samma sätt kan göra litteraturen mer begriplig med hjälp av filosofiska exempel. Uppsatsen har visat att barnlitteraturen innehåller djupa och intressanta filosofiska tankegångar. Både äldre och nyare barnlitteratur kan därför med fördel användas i skolan för att introducera filosofiska begrepp på ett stimulerande sätt. Children's literature philosophy Winnie the Pooh The Hunger Games The hitchhiker’s guide to the galaxy Lord of the Flies Barn- och ungdomslitteratur filosofi Nalle Puh Liftarens guide till galaxen Hungerspelen Flugornas herre
240	Starving for their art : hunger, modernism, and aesthetics in Samuel Beckett, Paul Auster, and J.M. Coetzee Moody, Alys January 2013 (has links) As literary modernism was emerging in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a number of its most important figures and precursors began to talk about their own writing as a kind of starvation. My doctoral thesis considers the reasons for and development of this previously little-explored trope, arguing that hunger becomes a focal point for modernism’s complex relationship to aesthetic autonomy. I identify a specific tradition of writers, beginning in the nineteenth century with proto-modernists such as Melville and Rimbaud, flourishing in the pivotal figures of Knut Hamsun, Franz Kafka and Samuel Beckett, and expiring with modernist-influenced contemporary writers such as Paul Auster and J. M. Coetzee. Although these writers are avid readers and devoted disciples of one another, mine is the first study to read them alongside one another as a coherent literary tradition. Reading them in this way, I am able to trace the development of the ‘art of hunger’ as a locus for a crisis in aesthetic autonomy that spans the twentieth century. I develop this line of argument in two phases. In the first, I trace the emergence of an art of hunger out of modernist engagements with philosophical aesthetics and its notions of aesthetic autonomy. Readings of the “art of hunger” in Herman Melville, Arthur Rimbaud, Knut Hamsun, Franz Kafka and Samuel Beckett’s post-war work reveal that starvation carries autonomy to an extreme and hyper-literal endpoint, revealing both its desirability as an aesthetic ideal and the impossibility of art’s complete autonomy from the body, the market or the social dimensions of language. In the second phase, I consider how this trope has animated later twentieth-century engagements with modernism. For authors writing in the aftermath of modernism, hunger provides a way of considering new complications to aesthetic autonomy in the light of both their debt to modernism and their specific historical circumstances. In this light, I consider three different extensions of the modernist art of hunger: its absorption into high formalism in Beckett’s late prose; its collapse in the face of an emerging concern with the social in Paul Auster; and its transformation into an ethical aesthetics of food taboos, restriction and asceticism in J. M. Coetzee. 809

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