School feeding is a tool which, today, effectively enables many millions of poor children worldwide to attend school in developed and developing countries alike. This study evaluated the perceptions of learners on the school feeding programme in one circuit in a district of Limpopo Province. It describes the benefits of school feeding and how this well-proven tool can be improved and specifically targeted to address some of the key constraints to universal secondary school completion. The findings suggest that school feeding programmes contribute to the education and well-being of children as hungry children do not grow; cannot learn; and face many health risks. School feeding can bring children into school and out of hunger; providing food for children at school can relieve immediate short-term hunger which is very beneficial for learning to take place. Alleviating short-term hunger among children at school helps to improve their performance in school tests and to promote a normal progression from grade to grade in completing their basic education. The study used individual interviews, document analysis and observation to obtain data from selected participants from two schools in the Nzhelele East Circuit in the Vhembe District. Responses to questions were analysed and a statistical analysis provided positive answers which revealed that the school feeding programme was effective; that more should be done to improve its delivery; that there should be a stable infrastructure and that the geographical location of the community should be taken into consideration when it comes to menu options. A number of recommendations are made to improve the implementation of the school feeding programme. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

As relações Brasil-África do Sul apontam para uma aproximação em novos termos desde o final dos anos noventa. Fazendo parte de um movimento mais amplo de redefinição das relações de poder no ambiente internacional, não é coincidência que tal desfecho tenha ocorrido ao final da bipolaridade. Do ponto de vista estrutural, retoma-se a busca de inclusão de potências médias, dentre as quais o Brasil e a África do Sul, no Conselho de Segurança da ONU, bem como uma maior participação nos processos decisórios globais de comércio. Na perspectiva conceitual ocorreu a mudança paradigmática para as noções de segurança humana e de desenvolvimento sustentável baseado na capacitação do homem. Nesse cenário de debate de reforma das instituições internacionais, despontaram candidatos de esquerda nos governos brasileiro e sul-africano, com suas agendas voltadas para a satisfação das necessidades sociais, incluindo combate ao HIV e à fome. A redefinição teleológica da ONU e a inserção pró-ativa brasileira acabou culminando numa agenda global pro misero liderada pelo Brasil. Sobre essas bases, ocorreu a reaproximação entre Brasil e África do Sul, negociada bilateralmente, mas formalizada numa aliança trilateral que incluiu a Índia, resultando no chamado IBAS, uma parceria de natureza multitemática, fortemente conotada com o humano e o social. / The Brazil-South África relations point out an approximation in new terms since the nineties ending. Being part of a bigger movement of redefinition of the power relations in international ambient, it is not coincidence that it had happened within de final of the bipolarity. From a structural view, there is a recall for inclusion of middle power potencies, like Brazil and South Africa, in the UN Security Council, as like as demanding more participation in the global decisional processes about trade. By the conceptual perspective, a paradigmatic change had happened in the notions of human security and sustainable development based on men capacitating. In this setting of debate about international institutions reform, candidates from left parties has became presidents in Brazil and South Africa, implementing agendas directed for the satisfactions of the social needs, like the fight against HIV infection e starvation. The teleological redefinition of UN and the Brazilian pro-active insertion has culminated in the pro misero global agenda under Brazil leadership. On these bases, has occurred the reapproximation between Brazil and South Africa, bilaterally negotiated, but formalized under a trilateral alliance that included India, resulting the named IBSA, a multi-thematic coalition, strongly denoted with the human and social ideals.

Syftet med undersökningen är att studera hur grammatiska konstruktioner av Katniss, Gale, Prim, Cinna, Rue, Peeta, och Haymitch i Suzanne Collins ungdomsroman Hungerspelen (2012) kan bidra till karaktärernas görande av manligt eller kvinnligt genus. Frågeställningen som ska besvaras är på vilket sätt framställs Katniss och de sex andra utvalda karaktärerna grammatiskt utifrån den systemisk-funktionella grammatikens transitivitetssystem processer och deltagare? Och på vilket sätt kan framställningen tolkas ur ett genusperspektiv? Genom att analysera sex utvalda delar ur boken med systemisk-funktionell grammatiks transitivitetssystem och se till processer och deltagare gjordes en grammatisk analys. Analysen tolkades sedan utifrån ett genusperspektiv gällande vilka föreställningar det finns kring manligt och kvinnligt beteende. Resultaten visar att de grammatiska konstruktionerna av Katniss och Peeta kan tolkas som görande av både manligt och kvinnligt genus, Gales och Haymitchs konstruktioner som görande av manligt genus och Cinnas, Rues och Prims grammatiska realiserande som görande av kvinnligt genus. Tillsammans visar resultaten på att karaktärernas grammatiska konstruktioner bidrar till görandet av manligt eller kvinnligt genus som inte behöver avspegla deras ”naturliga kön”. / The aim of this thesis is to study how grammatical constructions of the characters Katniss, Gale, Prim, Cinna, Rue, Peeta and Haytmich, from Suzanne Collins The Hunger Games (2012), contribute to their doing of gender. The thesis set to explore this using two research questions: How is Katniss and the six other characters presented grammatically and accordingly to systemic functional grammars transitivity system’s processes and participants? And, how can the grammatical analysis be interpreted from a gender perspective? By analysing six selected excerpts from the book with systemic functional grammars transitivity system’s processes and participants a grammatical analysis was done. The grammatical analysis was then interpreted from a gender perspective regarding the conceptions of what is considered as a doing of male or female gender behaviour. The result show that the grammatical constructions of Katniss and Peeta can be understood as a doing of both male and female gender. Futhermore, Gale’s and Haymitch’s constructions can be understood as a doing of male gender and Cinna’s, Rue’s and Prim’s constructions as a doing of female gender. Together these results show that the grammatical constructions in The Hunger Games (2012) affect the characters’ doing of gender and that their doing of gender does not have to reflect their sex.

Esta tese discute o entrelaçamento de três áreas de políticas sociais assistência social, segurança alimentar e nutricional e programas de transferência de renda na construção recente do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (MDS), no campo do desenvolvimento social brasileiro pós-Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF 88). Analiso como essas áreas e suas trajetórias se combinaram, interpenetraram e acabaram se reunindo sob o mesmo locus institucional ministerial e trouxeram à tona uma rediscussão sobre projetos de desenvolvimento social. Debati a suposição de que a criação do MDS teria propiciado o entrelaçamento de políticas estabelecendo um padrão de gerenciamento articulado com um projeto político de desenvolvimento social reconhecível, de tipo protetor e voltado à mitigação das condições de precariedade de vida da população. Adotei uma perspectiva longitudinal e o método de process tracing (COLLIER, 2011) na discussão das ocorrências e sua avaliação como evidências. Entendi que a criação e as mudanças institucionais são processos que passam por diferentes caminhos: da persistência de padrões com acréscimos incrementais até extinções e momentos ruptivos. No decurso argumentativo, examinei o desenvolvimento institucional das três áreas em estudo, discuti os caminhos paralelos de construção, suas sequências diferentes e condições que apresentaram quando se chegou à reconfiguração organizacional decorrente da criação do ministério de desenvolvimento social e combate à fome, em 2004. O MDS adquiriu um nível aceitável de autoridade para coordenação de planos e programas prioritários, dependente da agenda do executivo, e isso contribuiu para incentivos à integração, mesmo que apenas no plano normativo. Essa despretensiosa unificação acabou criando um corpo de coordenação diferenciado para conduzir a agenda social dos últimos governos. Assim, o MDS estruturou o espaço de rede de proteção no brasil, com primazia do estado, seja na mitigação de condições precárias de certos segmentos populacionais, seja no fortalecimento de serviços básicos na garantia de direitos. A cooperação entre as instâncias governamentais não se constitui em característica própria do funcionamento do aparelho estatal moderno, o que torna o entrelaçamento de políticas, apesar de um consenso discursivo, um processo inabitual/ incomum que requer maior esforço de articulação. / This dissertation discusses three intertwining areas of social policy social Assistance, food security, and income transfer programs in relation to the recently formed Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger (MDS) in Brazils post-democratization period (1988-present). I analyze how these social policy programs combined, interpenetrated, and ultimately coalesced under the same ministerial institutional locus, bringing forth a renewed discussion on social development. I started the research with the assumption that the creation of the MDS would have promoted hybridization of the policies, thus establishing a consolidated management system with a recognizable social development project united in its focus on improving living conditions for the most precarious sectors of the population. The assumption was based on the idea that the merging of the institutional locus for social policies could increase their interdependence, open new possibilities for working together, require negotiation of existing resources and priorities, and thereby result in institutional changes for all three policy areas. I adopted a longitudinal perspective and the process tracing method (COLLIER, 2011) for events and their evaluation as evidence. I conceptualized the creation and evolution of institutions as processes that may follow different paths: from persistence of patterns with incremental additions to extinctions and ruptures. My findings challenge the prevailing literature that suggests that cooperation between government bodies is rarely observed in the modern state apparatus. The conditions under which disparate policy domains are interwoven was in need of greater scholarly attention. My findings show that the MDS acquired enough legitimacy to coordinate once-atomized plans and priority programs that aligned with the executive agenda. This authority contributed to the incentive to integrate, even if only in normative terms. This unification created a distinctive coordination body for recent administrations social agendas. Thus, through the actions of a strong and integrating state, the MDS strengthened the social safety net in Brazil, mitigating hardships for the most precarious segments of the population, and improving access to basic services as rights.

As relações Brasil-África do Sul apontam para uma aproximação em novos termos desde o final dos anos noventa. Fazendo parte de um movimento mais amplo de redefinição das relações de poder no ambiente internacional, não é coincidência que tal desfecho tenha ocorrido ao final da bipolaridade. Do ponto de vista estrutural, retoma-se a busca de inclusão de potências médias, dentre as quais o Brasil e a África do Sul, no Conselho de Segurança da ONU, bem como uma maior participação nos processos decisórios globais de comércio. Na perspectiva conceitual ocorreu a mudança paradigmática para as noções de segurança humana e de desenvolvimento sustentável baseado na capacitação do homem. Nesse cenário de debate de reforma das instituições internacionais, despontaram candidatos de esquerda nos governos brasileiro e sul-africano, com suas agendas voltadas para a satisfação das necessidades sociais, incluindo combate ao HIV e à fome. A redefinição teleológica da ONU e a inserção pró-ativa brasileira acabou culminando numa agenda global pro misero liderada pelo Brasil. Sobre essas bases, ocorreu a reaproximação entre Brasil e África do Sul, negociada bilateralmente, mas formalizada numa aliança trilateral que incluiu a Índia, resultando no chamado IBAS, uma parceria de natureza multitemática, fortemente conotada com o humano e o social. / The Brazil-South África relations point out an approximation in new terms since the nineties ending. Being part of a bigger movement of redefinition of the power relations in international ambient, it is not coincidence that it had happened within de final of the bipolarity. From a structural view, there is a recall for inclusion of middle power potencies, like Brazil and South Africa, in the UN Security Council, as like as demanding more participation in the global decisional processes about trade. By the conceptual perspective, a paradigmatic change had happened in the notions of human security and sustainable development based on men capacitating. In this setting of debate about international institutions reform, candidates from left parties has became presidents in Brazil and South Africa, implementing agendas directed for the satisfactions of the social needs, like the fight against HIV infection e starvation. The teleological redefinition of UN and the Brazilian pro-active insertion has culminated in the pro misero global agenda under Brazil leadership. On these bases, has occurred the reapproximation between Brazil and South Africa, bilaterally negotiated, but formalized under a trilateral alliance that included India, resulting the named IBSA, a multi-thematic coalition, strongly denoted with the human and social ideals.

A cada dia cresce o interesse por alimentos ricos em carboidratos não disponíveis em virtude da relação inversa entre seu consumo e o risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). No presente trabalho, foi avaliado o potencial fisiológico da farinha de banana verde (FBV) como ingrediente funcional. Em ratos adultos, foi realizado ensaio de média duração (28 dias) para avaliação do efeito trófico da FBV sobre o intestino grosso e de parâmetros relacionados à tolerância à glicose. Em humanos, foram realizados ensaios clínicos de curta e média duração para avaliação dos efeitos sobre resposta glicêmica; liberação de hormônios gastrintestinais relacionados à saciedade; status antioxidante; fome e saciedade; e funcionamento intestinal. A FBV foi produzida com banana verde, Musa acuminata, de acordo com patente depositada pelo grupo (Patente (RPI - 1941), 2008). A FBV é uma fonte concentrada de carboidratos não disponíveis, com 56% de AR e 8% de FAT na base integral. A adição de FBV nas rações provocou efeito trófico no ceco dos animais, evidenciado por aumento no índice metafásico, número de células da cripta e profundidade das criptas. Além disso, a ração com FBV proporcionou melhora nos parâmetros relacionados à tolerância à glicose. Em voluntários saudáveis, a ingestão de uma única refeição adicionada de 8 g de FBV proporcionou aumento na saciedade e boa correlação entre os parâmetros fome/saciedade e níveis plasmáticos de grelina e insulina, melhorou o funcionamento intestinal, além de resultar em alta fermentabilidade in vitro em relação à lactulose. Após ingestão diária da FBV por 14 dias, os resultados da ingestão de RC0 (refeição controle antes do tratamento) e de RC14 (RC0 após 14 dias de tratamento) mostraram que ocorre melhora na tolerância à glicose, evidenciada pela menor liberação de insulina durante o GTT. O efeito positivo sobre funcionamento intestinal, sobre saciedade e sobre liberação de hormônios gastrintestinais no plasma permaneceu após ingestão prolongada da FBV. A adição da FBV na refeição resultou em aumento da capacidade antioxidante in vitro. A FBV apresenta inúmeros atributos positivos para elaboração de produtos que ampliem as opções para uma alimentação saudável, bem como propiciem saúde intestinal, visando a diminuição do risco de DCNT. / The study of unavailable carbohydrates has been of great concern due to their inverse relation with the risk for non-transmissible chronic diseases (NTCD). In the present study, the functional potential of unripe banana flour (UBF) was evaluated. In rats, a medium-term assay was carried in order to evaluate parameters related to glucose tolerance and the trophic effect of UBF on the large bowel. In healthy volunteers, short and medium-term clinical assays were carried to evaluate the effects of UBF on glycemic response; release of gastrointestinal hormones related to satiety (ghrelin, leptin and insulin); antioxidant status; hunger and satiety; and intestinal health. UBF was produced with unripe banana, Musa acuminata, subgroup Cavendish, maturation stage I, in industrial scale and according to a patent deposited by the group (Patent (RPI - 1941), 2008). UBF is a concentrated source of unavailable carbohydrates, with 56% RS and 8% DF (wet weight). Adding UBF in rat rations resulted in a trophic effect in the animals\' cecum, which was evidenced by increase in the metaphasic index, number of crypt cells and crypt depth. Moreover, the ration with UBF resulted in better glucose tolerance parameters. In healthy volunteers, adding UBF (8 g) to an only meal provided significant satiety and good correlation between the parameters hunger/ satiety and plasmatic levels of ghrelin and insulin, improved bowel habit, as well as resulted in high in vitro fermentability in relation to lactulose. After daily intake of UBF for 14 days, the results of the intake of RC0 (control meal before treatment) and RC14 (RC0 after 14 days treatment) showed that there is a positive post-prandial variation in the plasmatic concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones, as well as improvement in glucose tolerance, evidenced by lower insulin release during GTT. The positive effect on bowel habit, satiety and release of gastrointestinal hormones in plasma was kept after prolonged intake of UBF. Adding UBF to the meal provided significant increase in the in vitro antioxidant capacity. UBF presents several positive attributes for the elaboration of products that may increase the options for healthy eating habits, as well as provide intestinal health, always aiming to decrease the risk for NTCD.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:46:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barby_Bittencourt_Martins_Dissertacao.pdf: 182456 bytes, checksum: a540f57cf1de83f4cab5ffe11050edbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-22 / As the moment Luis Inácio da Silva has rise to power in Brasil, the country witnessed to a change in social policies. President Lula's government soon began to implement the Zero Hunger Programme (Programa Fome Zero), a series of initiatives aimed at eliminating hunger in Brasil. This programme contained huge proportions and represented the social flag against the poverty. By the way, with time the programme lost attention and the Family Grant Programme (Programa Bolsa Família) became the centre of attention for the government. Besides, critics started to indicate that Family Grant is not such emancipative programme as Zero Hunger seems to be. Therefore the need to comprehend those programmes and discover their forms arises as a question point. That will be transitioned from a emancipative programme to a welfare one? / Com a ascensão de Luis Inácio Lula da Silva à presidência do Brasil, o país presenciou uma mudança no que se refere às políticas sociais. Seu governo inicia apostando em um programa de dimensões elevadas onde continha políticas localizadas, assim como políticas estruturantes para combater a fome no Brasil. De modo geral, o programa Fome Zero assim denominado trazia a idéia de promover mudanças em vários aspectos na sociedade a fim de interromper o ciclo da pobreza e, dessa forma, eliminar a fome no Brasil. O programa representava a bandeira social do governo na luta contra a pobreza. Contudo, com o tempo, o programa foi sendo deixado de lado pelos governantes e, em seu lugar, o programa Bolsa Família um programa de transferência de renda condicionada começa a ser o centro das atenções governamentais. Críticos apontam nisso uma falha do governo, pois se deixa de investir em um programa de perfil emancipatório para investir-se em um programa de perfil assistencialista. Dessa maneira, surge a necessidade de discutir sobre essa questão para apreender o perfil dessas políticas. Será que se transitou de uma política emancipatória ao assistencialismo?

Many accounts of Max Weber’s thought would seek to portray him as a theorist of responsibility or “re-enchantment” – as one who can confirm for us the appropriateness of a liberal position given the conditions of life as moderns, thus preserving the possibility of a renewed project of management at every turn. Such a reading may well be comforting today, insofar as it enables a reconciliation to the constellations of technological thinking within which we already find ourselves engaged. Over and against such accounts, this thesis attempts to elaborate an image of Weber as a hunger artist, as one who brings into emphasis a fundamental sense of loss attendant to “modernity”, and who broods upon that loss as the condition of a more faithful reflection upon the character of being. Not only does Weber offer insight into modern conditions of research and the theorization of politics; he is one who thinks such questions in their mournful profundity, gesturing towards what cannot be carried forward within their terms. In the melancholy of his thought, it is suggested, we glimpse the contours of a horizon from which we have still not emerged.

The Irish peace process is heralded as a success among insurgencies that attempt transitions toward peaceful resolution of conflict. After thirty years of armed struggle, pitting Irish republicans against their loyalist counterparts and the British State, the North of Ireland has a reconfigured political landscape with a consociational governing body where power is shared among several parties that hold divergent political objectives. The Irish Republican Movement, whose main components are the Provisional Irish Republican Army, a covert guerilla armed organization, and Sinn Fein, the political party of Irish republicans, initiated peace that led to all-inclusive talks in the 1990s and that culminated in the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in April 1998, setting out the parameters for a non-violent way forward. Given the traditional intransigence of the IRA to consider any route other than armed conflict, how did the leadership of the Irish Republican Movement secure the support of a majority of republicans for a peace initiative that has held now for more than fifteen years? This dissertation explores the dynamics of leadership in this group, and in particular, focuses on the prisoner resistance waged by its incarcerated activists and volunteers. It is the contention here, that various prisoner resistance tactics enabled a wide-ranging group of captives to develop the skill set necessary to persuade their community to back the peace initiative, engage in electoral politics, mobilize their supporters to invest in attaining a united Ireland by peaceful negotiations, and put down their arms in a permanent and unequivocal manner. In this dissertation, the work of Paulo Freire is explored in order to capture the processes inherent the resistance-leadership continuum.

MA (Sociology) / Department of Sociology / This study focused on the effects of the school feeding programmes in addressing food insecurity in Mutale Municipality of Vhembe District, Limpopo Province. The study placed school feeding programmes within the wider context of social assistance and a component for securing food for the wellbeing of Mutale rural inhabitants. The major problem identified in this study was the inadequacy of governmental interventions, specifically the social assistance component, to eliminate food insecurity in rural areas. This failure motivated the researcher to venture into an investigation of the school feeding programme and its impact, as a social intervention, in addressing food insecurity among rural citizenry. The study openly delineated various factors contributing to the ruthless chronic food insecurity which has ravaged many families in rural areas. On the theoretical framework, the research incorporated the Capability Theory and the Entitlement approach as the foundational basis of the study. The qualitative approach was used to ensure an in-depth understanding of the contribution of school feeding programmes as a right based in-kind social safety net implemented by the government in addressing the discourse of food insecurity on a rural setting. Respondents of the study included the supervisor at circuit level, the school principal, educators, food handlers, smallholder farmers, learners and their parents. The researcher utilised Quota sampling in the selection of respondents. The researcher gathered data through the use of interviews, non-participant observation and document analysis. The findings of this study were analysed by organizing the data and presenting it in a descriptive manner. Literature revealed that the provision of feeding schemes at schools have the capability to stimulate an enabling environment which can empower rural families with adequate resources essential for eliminating food insecurity. However, this study found out that the feeding scheme marginally created employment, reduced poverty and hunger and increased health and nutrition education among the community members. The programme achieved minimal results as it confronted implementation constraints which ruined its capacity to exterminate rural food insecurity.