A partir des années 1960, le lien entre pratiques filmiques et artistiques s’accentue. Les artistes plasticiens et performeurs utilisent désormais la caméra non seulement pour enregistrer leur discipline mais pour la transformer et la révéler. Le film d’artiste devient un moyen de dialoguer avec les autres pratiques artistiques et de créer des formes d’hybridité et de transversalité au sein de la création. Cette thèse a pour but de démontrer que l’artiste à la caméra est une catégorie à part entière qui dépasse l’aspect documentaire de l’enregistrement filmique de l’oeuvre. Il renouvelle l’image du corps à travers l’objectif de la caméra, oscillant entre présentation et représentation chez Carolee Schneemann, Yvonne Rainer et Bruce Nauman. Le film d’artiste parvient également à dépasser la spécificité des médiums en exaltant sculpture et installation, en créant des formes et des espaces de l’entre-deux, en déplaçant le visiteur comme le font Robert Smihtson ou Anthony McCall, en révélant des aspects invisibles. Enfin, il s’agit de comprendre comment le film peut devenir un modèle de pensée et de réflexion pour les autres arts mais aussi pour le médium de l’exposition qui se voit récitée selon de nouveaux principes temporels et spatiaux. L’artiste à la caméra franchit ainsi les frontières de la danse et de l’opéra, met en jeu le corps et la perception du visiteur face à la redéfinition des écrans et des conditions d’exposition telles les oeuvres de Matthew Barney, Bill Viola ou Pierre Huyghe. / Since the 1960’s the link between filmic and artistic practices has intensified. From now on artists and performers use the movie camera not only to record their practice but to transform and reveal it. Artist’s film becomes a way to discuss with the other arts and to create hybrid and transversal shapes. This dissertation aims to demonstrate that the artist with a movie camera, is a category in its own way, which goes beyond the documentary of recording the piece. It renews the body’s image through the camera’s eye, between presentation and representation with the pieces of Carolee Schneemann, Yvonne Rainer and Bruce Nauman. The artist’s film achieves to go beyond the medium’s specificity by glorifying sculpture and installation, by creating shapes and spaces of in-between, moving the visitor as did Robert Smithson or Anthony McCall, by revealing invisible aspects. We would like to understand how film can become a model of thinking for the other arts as well as for the medium of exhibition which reactivated according to new temporal and spatial principles. The artist with a movie camera goes beyond the thresholds of dance and opera, challenges the body and the perception of the visitor facing the definition of the screens et de exhibition’s condition like the ones of the pieces made by Matthew Barney, Bill Viola or Pierre Huyghe.

Unexplained variations in organisational performance in healthcare are a continued focus of research, political, and public interest. Regulatory agencies are always seeking new ways to reduce variation and improve performance, and the use of approaches to develop improvement capability is increasingly encouraged. However, the regulatory perspective on improvement capability is under researched. This research study seeks to understand how regulatory agencies in the United Kingdom (UK) assess improvement capability within healthcare organisations. It explores how improvement capability is conceptualised, compares the regulatory arrangements across the UK, and examines assessment and enforcement policies and practices, before developing a conceptual framework for improvement capability. The research study uses data from 48 interviews, 90 regulatory policy documents and 30 assessment reports. Regulatory conceptualisations of improvement capability are explored through cross-case comparison and qualitative analysis. A review of 70 instruments and frameworks for the assessment of improvement capability from the literature identifies that there are plural conceptualisations of improvement capability. The findings from the review are synthesised into eight dimensions of improvement capability which are used to analyse the empirical data and to develop a conceptual framework. The analysis finds an emergent trend towards responsive regulatory models which aim to develop improvement capability. However, the analysis identifies ambiguity in regulatory agencies' conceptualisation of improvement capability with two dimensions of improvement capability used more frequently than others in regulatory assessments. Regulatory agencies need to clarify their conceptualisation of improvement capability and supplement their assessment processes to further understand local circumstances. This can be used to inform more flexible regulatory responses, including the tailored provision of improvement support to develop improvement capability. This requires greater regulatory effort and resources, and the analysis finds there are three areas of tension, linked to regulatory roles, resources and relationships. The research study proposes a conceptual framework of improvement capability that can be used to clarify regulatory conceptualisation and assessment of improvement capability. Greater conceptual clarity will strengthen regulatory agencies' assessment, diagnosis and prediction of organisational performance trajectories, and support the advancement of more appropriate, effective and responsive regulatory interventions, including the development of improvement capability.

This thesis examines the role of local civil society organisations (CSOs) in representing and addressing local needs in hybridized peacebuilding processes in South Kivu, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). To do so it examines how local CSOs contribute to peacebuilding efforts, as well as who and what influence those contributions. Further, it considers the potential reach of such interventions at the community, provincial and national levels. The research for this thesis examines three locally founded and operated civil society organisations in Bukavu, South Kivu, whose efforts directly respond to known local causes of conflict in the region. Its findings demonstrate how they translate the needs and knowledge of community-level actors to external and international partners, from whom they receive funding and knowledge that support their ability to deliver peacebuilding projects that respond to those community-level needs. While their external international partners were found to maintain material power in relation to these peacebuilding interventions, the local CSOs were shown to hold significant discursive power in this role of translators and intermediaries in these processes. These findings challenge homogenous constructions of the local presented by post-liberal peacebuilding literature. They recognize the diversity of the local including individuals or groups who have been directly impacted by an ongoing violent conflict in a fixed geographical location whose experiences of war are shaped by their identities, and who share long-term interests in potential peace. Understanding the local in this way acknowledges a spectrum of actors contributing to peacebuilding in South Kivu and invites a reconsideration of binary constructions of hybridity. Acknowledging the important role that civil society and other intermediaries play in peacebuilding offers a foundation of understanding hybridity as a process of translation rather than shock.

Esta dissertação pretende analisar, sob a perspectiva dos Estudos Comparados, a obra O homem que não podia olhar para trás, do escritor moçambicano Nelson Saúte, destacando a hibridez do texto, tecido por vários diálogos que se entrelaçam entre as marcas da tradição oral e os aspectos estilísticos e estéticos da narrativa, em constante articulação com a pintura de Roberto Chichorro. Essa combinação de linguagens, trazendo à tona reminiscências deixadas pelo mito de Orfeu, remete a aspectos importantes da história de Moçambique. / This paper aims to analyze, from the perspective of Comparative Studies, the work O homem que não podia olhar para trás from the Mozambican writer Nelson Saúte, pointing out the hybrid of the text, performed by several dialogues that are closely connected among brands of oral tradition and stylistic and aesthetic aspects of the narrative, in constant relation to Roberto Chichorro\'s paintings. This combination of languages, bringing up reminiscences left by the myth of Orpheus, refers to important aspects of the history of Mozambique.

abstract: This dissertation project addresses one of the most critical problems in the study of religion: how new formations of religion are constructed and constituted. My work builds on the recent revisions of the secularization theory, which demonstrates the alternative and hybrid ways people seek out religion in modernity. To this end, my project examines the emerging popularity and phenomenon of international meditation centers in Thailand, focusing on encounters between international meditation center teachers and their international students. Through participant observation and in-depth interviews at these sites throughout Thailand, my project explores the social processes of religious change and adaptation, and the construction of religious meaning. I detail the historical conditions that led to the formation of persisting ideas of Buddhism by tracing the continuities between Orientalist interpretations and modern-day spiritual seekers. My work contributes to a greater understanding of the most recent articulation of this engagement and interaction between Buddhism and the international community and adds to the burgeoning scholarship that reconsiders the relationship between religion and modernity. I investigate this relationship in regard to international meditation centers in Thailand through three angles: promotional materials concerning meditation in Thailand, experiences of international meditators, and teachings of international meditation center teachers. I contextualize this ethnographic analysis with an evaluation of the relationship of Buddhism to discourses of modernity and Orientalism as well as a historical inquiry into the rise of lay meditation in Thailand. Throughout I argue that international meditators' engagement with meditation in Thai temples constitutes a hybrid religiosity where the decontextualized practice of meditation is mixed with both non-religious and other religious beliefs and practices. Social discourses and practices involving meditation, even in a Buddhist country, demonstrate the deconstruction of traditional religiosity in modernity and the rise of hybrid religiosity. Through the decontextualization of meditation and the discourse of the practice having no religious boundaries, meditation becomes mixed with tourism, therapy, healing, as well as other religious and secular practices. This research contributes to studies of Theravada Buddhism as well as modern, global religions and the contemporary intersection between religion and tourism. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Religious Studies 2012

This thesis examines the work of two of the twentieth century’s foremost cultural figures, the Palestinian-American literary critic Edward Said (1935-2003) and the Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish (1941-2008), and focuses specifically on the formulation and representation in their respective work of the theme of identity. It explores the depictions of this concept in their writing; comparing and contrasting their personal viewpoints on the various facets of their own identity as Palestinian Arabs and cosmopolitan global citizens expressed through their chosen literary medium, prose for Said and poetry for Darwish. At the same time, this analysis of the creative writing of these two authors will serve to shed light on the complex and ongoing process which is involved in identity formation and maintenance, and conceptualization of the self. Said and Darwish’s multi-conceptualisations of self-identity take place in Chapter Three, which is divided into seven zones of self-identity. Their understanding of self-identity is observed through the spaces of their names, language, family relationships, friendships, ethnicities, nationalism, hybrid identities, and cosmopolitanism. The concept of post-Nakba and Naksa literature maps the critical developments in evaluations of Arabic literature and, more particularly, Palestinian literature. The understanding of Palestinian cultural context requires an adequate assimilation regarding the impact of Nakba and Naksa in Palestinian literature, linked strongly with the general impact of Nakba in all Arab literature. The thesis begins by establishing the major socio-political, cultural and historical contexts which shaped the lives and work of Said and Darwish. Then using an innovative theoretical framework which draws on elements of post-colonial theory Said’s own contrapuntal technique and close textual analysis, the thesis explores a number of key facets pertaining to identity construction which it can be argued are of particular relevance to the Palestinian case. These include trauma, collective cultural memories, displacement, the Diasporic experience and the dream of return. At the same time, the thesis reveals how whilst both Said and Darwish remained dedicated to the Palestinian cause they adopted a cosmopolitan identity which was reflected in their respective work and its identification with diverse groups of oppressed peoples.

[pt] A origem desta dissertação se fundamentou na clínica com amputados numa Instituição de Reabilitação, onde a experiência corporal possui um lugar de destaque. A psicanálise estabelece um outro estatuto para o corpo, distinguindo-se do saber médico, que ultrapassa a dimensão orgânica/biológica, especialmente, quando forja o conceito de pulsão. Por seu desamparo inicial, o bebê humano depende de uma alteridade capaz de auxiliá-lo na construção de uma fronteira corporal através do seu investimento libidinal na criança. Esse outro, além de marcar eroticamente seu corpo de forma a delinear os circuitos pulsionais, fornece-lhe uma experiência de existência contínua e uma imagem identificatória que servem para o desenvolvimento do Eu e para a apresentação de um campo objetal possível. Determina ainda uma matriz simbólica que marca este corpo como desejante e falante. Diante dos destinos pulsionais possíveis, a experiência da perda invoca a capacidade de recriação através do trabalho de luto. O luto é a operação de recolhimento dos investimentos libidinais dos objetos perdidos, a fim de que possam ser novamente investidos. Esta pesquisa aborda uma perda peculiar: a de parte do corpo. A experiência da amputação impõe um remanejamento narcísico que resulta numa outra forma de experimentar o corpo na sua condição erógena e, por conseguinte, o mundo. Contudo, a experiência corporal também apresenta uma dimensão coletiva. É preciso reconhecer que a modernidade trouxe, com a Revolução Industrial, algo inovador na experimentação do corpo. Os avanços tecnológicos fizeram do corpo uma forma híbrida. O corpo como híbrido é, a um só tempo: natureza, técnicas, ciência, economias pulsionais, inconscientes e discursos. É assim que o uso da prótese pode ser pensado. / [en] This Essay is originated from a clinical experience with amputated people in a rehabilitation institution, where the corporeal experience has a great importance. Psychoanalysis establishes a place for the body which must be distinguished from the place it has in medical science, bypassing the organic/biological dimension, especialy because of the drive (Trieb) concept. Because of its helplessness, the human baby depends on some adult libidinal investment to construct a body-frontier. The adult, besides erotically marking its body, drawing the drive circuits, is necessary to allow a continuous experience of existence, and an image for identification, which serves the Ego and the object field development. This adult also helps in the construction of a symbolic matrix that shall make this body a desiring and speaking one. Among many drivedestinies, the experience of a loss requires the capacity of recreation through the work of mourning, which consists in taking back the libidinal investments from the lost objects to be able to invest them later in other objects. This research is about a peculiar loss: a body part. The experience of amputation requires a narcissistic reorganization which permits a new way of experimenting the body in its erogenous condition and, as a consequence, also the world. Nevertheless, bodily experience has, as well, a collective dimension. We must recognize that modernity brought, with the Industrial Revolution, something new to body experience. The technological advances made a body that is a hybrid form. The hybrid body is, at the same time: nature, techniques, science, drive economies, unconscious and discourse. This is how the prosthesis should be considered.

Quelles sont les conditions d’une politisation de la danse dans le contexte contemporain de défiance vis-à-vis du politique ? Dans quelle mesure la danse peut-elle contribuer aujourd’hui à enrichir la pensée politique, voire œuvrer à transformer les conditions de l’expérience collective ? C’est à ces questions que nous tentons de répondre en prenant pour objet de recherche la danse contemporaine française et en privilégiant une approche esthético-politique fondée sur l’analyse de spectacles. Après avoir analysé deux expériences importantes de politisation de la danse ayant marqué le XXᵉ siècle – la danse radicale et la post-modern dance américaines –, nous revenons sur l’histoire de la danse contemporaine française telle qu’elle s’est écrite depuis le début des années 1970. Bien que portée par des valeurs d’émancipation, celle-ci fait face, au cours des années 1980, aux effets de son institutionnalisation, cette normalisation donnant naissance, au cours des années 1990, à une avant-garde chorégraphique contestataire qui dénonce une standardisation des formes et se tourne vers le modèle de la performance réputée politique, imposant une doxa anti-fiction et un décloisonnement entre les arts et les pratiques – deux tendances qui s’imposent aujourd’hui comme de nouvelles normes sur les scènes contemporaines. À la lumière de ces évolutions récentes, nous faisons l’hypothèse que, pour se politiser, la danse contemporaine gagne plutôt à prendre ses distances avec la performance pour expérimenter d’autres formes d’hybridations (avec le théâtre, le cinéma, les arts plastiques) ; qu’elle gagne en particulier à se théâtraliser. Nous confrontons cette hypothèse à dix œuvres récentes des chorégraphes Alain Buffard, Héla Fattoumi, Éric Lamoureux et Maguy Marin, créées entre 2004 et 2013. Après avoir étudié les intentions des artistes à travers leurs discours et leurs pratiques, nous analysons les œuvres en tentant de montrer en quoi leur forme originale constitue la mise en œuvre d’une politique de l’esthétique, raison pour laquelle leur hybridité constitutive, expérimentale et critique, se distingue de la mixis scénique formaliste qui fait florès sur les scènes contemporaines. / What are the conditions of a politicization of dance in this contemporary context of mistrust regarding politics ? To what extent can dance contribute today to enrich political thinking, or even help transform the conditions of collective experience ? We'll try to answer these questions through researches on French contemporary dance giving greater importance to a political esthetics approach based on the analysis of performances. After having analysed two important experiments of politicization in dance which had a great impact on the XXth century – radical dance and post-modern American dance –, we'll come back to the history of French contemporary dance, as it has been written since the beginning of the 70's. Although it was inspired by values of emancipation, contemporary dance faced the effects of its institutionalization during the 80's. During the 90's, this normalization gave birth to an “avant-garde” of protesting choreographers who denounced a “standardization” of forms and decided to turn to the model of performance art, known as being political. Thus, they imposed an anti-fiction doxa and a de-compartmentalization between arts and practices – two trends which are today imposing themselves as new norms on the contemporary stages. In the lights of these recent evolutions, I make the hypothesis that, to politicize itself, contemporary dance rather gains in taking its distance with performance art to experiment new forms of hybridizations (with theater, cinema and plastic arts); that it gains in particular in “theatralisizing itself”. I will confront this hypothesis to ten recent works from choreographers Alain Buffard, Héla Fattoumi, Éric Lamoureux and Maguy Marin, created between 2004 and 2013. After having studied the artists' intentions through their speeches and practices, I will analyse their works and try to show in what terms their original form constitutes the setting and production of a politics of esthetics, which is the reason why their constitutive, experimental and critical hybridization stands out from the formalist mixis which is so successful on contemporary stages.

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar os romances Dreaming in Cuban, de Cristina García, e Memory Mambo, de Achy Obejas. Este trabalho investiga como o exílio e hibridismo podem interferir nos relacionamentos familiares. Em ambos os romances, de escritoras contemporâneas cubano-americanas, os personagens têm que negociar com suas próprias famílias e com diferentes culturas. Nesses romances, a construção de identidade do sujeito diaspórico feminino é intensivamente permeada por relacionamentos familiares e pela política, apesar de as famílias poderem estar ou não separadas por questões políticas. Em Dreaming in Cuban, por meio de estratégias narrativas pós-modernas, Cristina García insere vozes silenciadas pelo patriarcado, descontruindo a história oficial e fornecendo ao leitor uma perspectiva feminina dos eventos. Em Memory Mambo, a memória tem um importante papel na narrativa, demonstrando que a memória pode ser contraditória e que história é uma construção social. Ambos os romances desafiam modos tradicionais de representação e oferecem um fascinante retrato da vida nos cruzamentos de culturas / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the novels Dreaming in Cuban, by Cristina García, and Memory Mambo, by Achy Obejas. This work investigates how exile and hybridity may interfere in family relationships. In both novels, by contemporary Cuban-American writers, the characters have to negotiate with their own families and with different cultures. In these novels, the construction of identity of the female diasporic subject is intensively permeated by family relationships and politics, even though families may or may not be separated by political issues. In Dreaming in Cuban, by means of postmodern narrative strategies, Cristina García inserts voices silenced by patriarchy, deconstructing official history and providing the reader with a female perspective of events. In Memory Mambo, memory plays an important role in the narrative, demonstrating that memory can be contradictory and that history is a social construct. Both novels challenge traditional modes of representation and offer a compelling portrait of life at the crossroads of cultures

Escritoras migrantes frequentemente publicam romances autobiográficos que mesclam ficção com suas histórias pessoais. Essas escritoras usam suas experiências pessoais para discutir questões coletivas relacionadas aos diversos tipos de deslocamento associados ao processo diaspórico. As migrações em massa das ex-colônias para as metrópoles dos países desenvolvidos cresceram significantemente após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, gerando ao mesmo tempo contato mais próximos e conflitos entre culturas. Essa dissertação pretende analisar os romances autobiográficos How the García Girls Lost their Accents (1991) e Yo! (1997) da escritora dominicana-americana Julia Alvarez, A família Alvarez migrou para os Estados Unidos em 1960 devido a perseguição política. Em seus romances, a escritora lida com os traumas do deslocamento e com o processo de crescimento de meninas divididas entre valores culturais diferentes. Pretendo discutir como Alvarez, em sua prática autobiográfica, problematiza questões relacionadas à migração, como gênero, hibridismo cultural, memória lacunar e identidades fragmentadas. Também analiso como essas narrativas contestam as convenções formais tanto do gênero autobiográfico como da ficção, frisando o quanto o limite entre o real e o fictício, entre o privado e o político, é tênue / Migrant women writers often write autobiographical novels intertwining their personal histories with fiction. These writers use their personal experiences to discuss collective matters related to different types of displacement associated with the diasporic process. Mass migration has significantly grown after the World War II, especially from former colonized countries to developed centers, increasing both contact and conflict between cultures. This dissertation intends to analyze the autobiographical novels How the García Girls Lost their Accents (1991) and Yo! (1997) by Dominican-American author Julia Alvarez. The Alvarez family migrated to the U.S.A. in 1960 because of political persecution. In her novels, the writer deals with the traumas of dislocation and with the growing up process of girls caught between different cultural values. I intend to discuss how Alvarez problematizes through her autobiographical practice issues related to migration, such as gender roles, cultural hybridity, discrimination, shattered memories and fragmented identities. I also examine how these narratives contest conventions of both autobiographical and fictional genres, blurring the boundaries between the private and the political, between facts and fiction