L’objectif général de cette thèse consiste dans un premier temps à établir une typologie des utilisations des TIC dans le milieu éducatif ivoirien et dans un second temps à comprendre les obstacles à ces utilisations par les enseignants du secondaire. Elle ambitionne en effet de faire un état des lieux de l’intégration des TIC quelques années après la mise en place d’une politique éducative tournée vers la technologie. Cette thèse qui mobilise des champs disciplinaires variés afin de mieux cerner notre problématique adopte pour ce faire, une double méthodologie qualitative et quantitative. Pour l’approche qualitative, des entretiens semi-directifs ont été organisés avec les administrations des établissements sollicités, les enseignants et les élèves dans le but de découvrir leurs réalités quant à l’intégration des TIC dans le système éducatif. Au niveau de l’approche quantitative, 444 questionnaires ont été répartis entre les élèves de 4 établissements de la ville d’Abidjan et ses alentours pour répertorier leurs habitudes d’utilisation des TIC ainsi que les implications de cette intégration dans leurs cursus scolaires. En sus, 102 questionnaires ont été également distribués aux enseignants de ces établissements aux fins d’établir des profils spécifiques entre utilisation et non utilisation.Les principaux résultats de notre recherche ont permis d’établir les différentes utilisations que sont : l’utilisation des TIC en tant que discipline spécifique à enseigner, l’utilisation des TIC dans les tâches administratives (aussi bien pour les enseignants que pour leurs responsables administratifs) et enfin l’utilisation des TIC en tant qu’outils pédagogiques pour enseigner d’autres matières. Il en ressort également des profils très disparates pour les élèves entre usagers avertis et novices. Dans ce contexte, la présence des équipements au sein des établissements contribue, par moments, à combler ces inégalités numériques. Quant aux enseignants, par manque de formations adéquates, ils n’ont pas acquis, pour la plupart d’entre eux, les compétences technico-pédagogiques nécessaires pour une appropriation de la technologie. Et cette situation constitue pour eux l’un des obstacles majeurs à leurs usages des TIC car la formation joue un rôle structurant dans la généralisation de la pratique. Au-delà de ce premier obstacle, d’autres obstacles généraux liés au manque de motivation des enseignants, aux difficultés financières des établissements pour la fourniture de matériels adéquats et le manque de temps expliquent ces non-usages. / The general objective of this thesis is first to establish a typology of ICT uses in the Ivorian educational environment and then to understand the obstacles to these uses by secondary school teachers. It aims to take stock of ICT integration a few years after the implementation of a technology-oriented education policy. This thesis, which mobilizes various disciplinary fields in order to better understand our problem, adopts a dual qualitative and quantitative methodology. For the qualitative approach, semi-directive interviews were held with the administrations of the schools approached, teachers and students in order to discover their realities regarding the integration of ICT into the education system. In terms of the quantitative approach, 444 questionnaires were distributed among students from 4 schools in and around Abidjan City to identify their ICT use habits and the implications of this integration in their school curricula. In addition, 102 questionnaires were also distributed to teachers in these schools to establish specific profiles between use and non-use.The main results of our research have established the different uses of ICT as a specific subject to be taught, the use of ICT in administrative tasks (both for teachers and their administrative managers) and finally the use of ICT as pedagogical tools to teach other subjects. It also reveals very disparate profiles for students between informed and novice users. In this context, the presence of equipment in institutions sometimes helps to overcome these digital inequalities. As for teachers, for lack of adequate training, most of them have not acquired the technical and pedagogical skills necessary for the appropriation of technology. And this situation constitutes for them one of the major obstacles to their use of ICTs because training plays a structuring role in the generalization of the practice. Beyond this first obstacle, other general obstacles related to the lack of motivation of teachers, the financial difficulties of schools in providing adequate materials and the lack of time explain these non-uses.

Bakgrund: Dagens samhälle blir allt mer effektiviserat och digitaliserat genom användandet av informations- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT) och dess digitala verktyg. Detta gäller även vården. Dagens sjuksköterskor använder sig allt mer av IKT i vårdarbetet och användandet av IKT får påföljder för patienter, sjuksköterskor och vårdorganisationen. Tidigare forskning visar hur denna digitalisering och effektivisering går till, samt vad det har för påverkan på patienter, patienters livssituation och välbefinnande. I takt med att IKT utvecklas behöver användandet av IKT kontinuerligt evalueras. Syfte: Syftet är att skapa en översikt över sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att använda IKT. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt där sex kvalitativa studier, tre kvantitativa studier och studie av mixad metod har analyserats. Resultat: Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskor mestadels är positiva till användandet av IKT. Sjuksköterskor erfor även negativa aspekter vid användandet av IKT. Detta då dem bland annat erfor att arbetssituationen och relationer till kollegor och patienter påverkas av att använda IKT i vårdarbetet. Slutsats:Fenomenet IKT är komplext och dess digitala verktyg innefattas av faktorer som i hög grad påverkar användarna. Detta innebär att sjuksköterskors inställning till, erfarenheter av att använda och faktiska användande av IKT påverkas. Integrering och användandet av IKT påverkar även sjuksköterskors arbetssituation och den stora vårdorganisationen. / Background: Today's society is becoming more efficient and digitized through the use of information and communication technology (ICT) and its digital tools. This also applies to health care. Nurses today are increasingly using ICT in their care work and the use of ICT is penalizing patients, nurses and the healthcare organization. Previous research shows how this digitalisation and efficiency improves, as well as what it has for affecting patients, patients' life situation and well-being. As ICT develops, the use of ICT needs to be continuously evaluated. Purpose: The aim is to create an overview of nurses' experiences of using ICT. Method: General literature review where six qualitative studies, three quantitative studies and one mixed method study have been analyzed. Result: The results show that nurses are mostly positive about the use of ICT. Negative aspects of the use of ICT are also experienced by the nurses. This is when they, among other things, find that the work situation and relationships with colleagues and patients are affected by the use of ICT in the care work. Conclusion: The phenomenon of ICT is complex and its digital tools are comprised of factors that greatly affect its users. Which means that nurses' attitudes to, experiences of using and actual use are affected. Integration and the use of ICT also affect nurses' work situation and the large healthcare organization.

Detta projekt har blivit utfört i samarbete med Senion AB för att ta fram en pappersrapport som presenterar information över bokningsdata för ett kontorsmiljös användning. Projektet har bestått av två övergripande delar. Första delen bestod av att utveckla en metod för att samla och formatera bokningsdata tillhandahållen från en av Senions kunders kontor. Andra delen bestod av att visualisera informationen härledd från den data som blev framtagen från första delen. Den informationsvisualisering som designades testades i användartester för att få djupare insikt i vad som är effektiv presentation av detta projekts bokningsdata. Användartesterna gav insikt i vilka representationer som fungerade bra och hur vissa kan bli korrigerade till det bättre. De kvantitativa mätningarna hade ingen statistisk signifikans så diskussionen av resultatet är huvudsakligen centrerad kring de kvalitativa mätningarna. Baserat på resultat av tänka-högt och semi-strukturerade intervjuer så diskuteras fördelen med några multimodala visualiseringar, stapeldiagram och tilltalande visualiserings estetik. Projektet har också presenterat vikten av att informationsvisualisering gynnas av att vara grundad i kognitionsvetenskapliga principer om perception och uppmärksamhet. Vidare så belyser texten hur användarcentrerad informationsvisualisering kräver starkare empiriska grunder och standardiserade mått för att testa kvalitet och effektivitet.

This diploma thesis deals with the development of investments in the information and communication technology sector in the Czech Republic. The ICT sector is analysed in terms of foreign direct investments in the sector, exports and imports of products and services. The general trends and impacts of major macroeconomic events such as the country's entry into the European Union and the financial crisis on this sector through quantitative methods are described. The development of investments in the ICT sector in the Czech Republic is compared with other states of the European Union.

Information visualization aims at creating visually concrete representations of big and abstract data. Research shows that the subject has good potential when it comes to conveying information within many various sectors. However, there is a scarce range of research defining a design space for information visualization tools with the aim of trying to convey clear and true information that is completely understandable for many different target groups with varying educational background, cognitive state, etc. To explore the gap of such design and the potential that information visualization has towards it, a study was conducted to gather the experience of healthcare practitioners with various experience of examining and presenting results to patients with a certain condition. To gather their opinions and thoughts, semi-structured interviews were used and from the results, four defined design aspects emerged. These four emerged design aspects have potential to work as a base when designing a future design concept.

Electronic waste is the fastest growing waste stream today and information and communications technology (ICT) equipment make up a significant portion of all the electronics put on market. Due to the valuable, rare, and toxic material content of ICT equipment, their disposal requires proper treatment to ensure materials are recovered and harm to the surrounding environment and nearby residents is avoided. As a tool used to identify the impacts resulting from a product, life cycle assessment (LCA) requires details around the processes performed during each stage of a product’s life. LCA studies on ICT waste often assume that discarded equipment is fully recycled under formal conditions. This study investigates current ICT waste treatment practices and proposes a more reasonable end-of-life treatment scenario for use in future LCA work. The volume of ICT waste generated in each country is estimated according to reported mobile phone subscription counts, and treatment flows are investigated for the countries identified as generating the most waste in each region. National results are then aggregated to estimate regional and global end-of-life treatment scenarios. The research indicates that developed countries properly recycle the majority of the ICT waste that is collected and treated domestically; the United States is an exception as a majority of ICT waste generated there is discarded to landfills. Developing countries tend to recycle a majority of electronic waste in informal sectors where a lack of technology and limited enforcement of regulations result in harmful waste processing activities. Waste is also exported from developed countries for treatment in developing countries. The proposed global end-of-life treatment scenario is 19% of ICT waste is recycled under formal conditions, 64% is recycled using informal methods, and the remaining 17% is discarded in landfills. Due to a lack of uncertainty, there is a clear need for more research regarding the treatment of ICT waste, especially in regards to B2B waste and export flows. A sensitivity analysis to determine the overall impact these results may have when applied to an LCA study is recommended.

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39 million people in the world are blind and approximately 15 million of them live in India. Aravind Eye Care System is the biggest provider of eye care in India and the world and it continues to expand and spread medical understanding and best practice to improve ophthalmological care. Aravind Hospitals measure data of performance indicators for management and identify best practice. Currently, each department handles data of these parameters in locally stored excel sheets which limiting benchmarking in real-time. The main objective of this project has been to develop a user-friendly web platform that enables real time benchmarking across all of Aravind’s hospitals. A prototype of a web based business intelligence system has been developed as a proof of concept. The aim of this prototype has been to enable benchmarking across Aravind’s hospitals. The impact has been studied to analyse the extents to which the organization can become more efficient through continuous benchmarking. Initially, a database was developed containing data from the glaucoma clinics in Coimbatore, Madurai, Pondicherry and Tirunelveli. Subsequent was a web platform developed which presents the data dynamically with Google Charts. Interviews and analyses support the implementation of a business intelligence system at Aravind’s Hospitals. Testing and analysis have proven that a business intelligence system can improve value, create innovation and spread best practice at Aravind’s Hospitals. / 39 miljoner personer i världen är blinda och uppskattningsvis 15 miljoner av dem bor i Indien. Aravind Eye Care System är de största leverantörerna av ögonsjukvård i Indien och i världen. De fortsätter att växa och sprida medicinsk kunskap och best practice för att förbättra ögonsjukvården. Aravinds sjukhus mäter data på nyckelparametrar av verksamheten för management och för att identifiera best practice. För närvarande så hanterar varje avdelning data av dessa parametrar i lokalt lagrade Excel dokument vilket begränsar benchmarking i realtid. Det huvudsakliga syftet med detta projekt har varit att utveckla en användarvänlig web plattform som möjliggör benchmarking mellan Aravinds sjukhus i realtid. En prototyp av ett web baserat business intelligence system har utvecklats i form av ett proof of concept. Syftet med denna prototyp har varit att möjliggöra benchmarking mellan Aravinds sjukhus. Dess påverkan har utvärderats och analyserats för att studera till vilken utsträckning organisationen kan bli mer effektiv genom kontinuerlig benchmarking. Till en början har en databas utvecklats för att hantera data från glaukom klinikerna i Coimbatore, Madurai, Pondicherry and Tirunelveli. Där efter har en web plattform utvecklats som presenterar dynamisk data med Google Charts. Intervjuer och analyser stödjer implementationen av ett business intelligence system på Aravinds sjukhus. Denna rapport har bevisat att det är genomförbart att utveckla en skalbar open-source webbplattform som möjliggör benchmarking i realtid. Tester och analyser har även visat att ett business intelligence kan vara värdeskapande, innovation skapande samt sprida kunskap på Aravinds sjukhus.

Although a number of studies have been conducted to understand the impact of ICT on a country’s economic output; a complete account for ICT’s influence on real GDP per capita has yet to be visualized. This study aims to investigate this topic, by exploring the hypothesis whether ICT has an impact (causal relationship) on real GDP per worker in 41 European countries from 1996-2010. Confidence in the judicial system is taken as an instrument to solve for endogeneity problems. ICT is defined as mobile, broadband and internet penetration per 100 people. We find that confidence in the justice system is a strong instrument for ICT. Therefore, using IV 2sls regression, it is observed that ICT does have a strong positive correlation and causal relationship with GDP per worker, with an elasticity of 0.4 between the variables. In light of the results, the author recommends that economic policies must be tailored to support ICT development in countries.

Despite the statements of the institutions of Kosovo in media that will uncompromisingly fight corruption, in everyday life it is not noticed by citizens. Kosovo’s institutional framework against corruption, to say the least, suffers many shortcomings in its implementation. This research, aimed the identification of the corruption practices in higher education institutions of Kosovo and depiction of possible counter-responses through the use of ICT, and it is useful for different national or foreign organizations that are determined to combat corruption, for implementation of their projects. University of Northern Kosovo is not included in this research. The qualitative approach of this study uses surveys, case studies, and interviews as methods for data collection. These data were analysed by mapping the identified corrupt practices, together with appropriate anti-corruption actions types and ICTs used. Results have shown that respondents perceive the level of corruption in these institutions, from medium to high, manifested mostly in examinations, access to universities and colleges, and professor behaviour. Also, the most common type of corruption came out to be nepotism. Results have shown that regarding ICTs, a whole range of them can be used for anti-corruption, including: web pages, social media networks, ID cards, cell-phone/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth signal jammers or detectors, procurement systems, etc. Exploitation of these technologies would significantly reduce corruption in higher education institutions.