Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur förskollärare förhåller sig till fysisk aktivitet inomhus.De frågor som väglett studien är följande: Vilken syn har förskollärare på sitt ansvar gällandefysisk aktivitet i förskolans inomhusmiljö? Hur hanterar förskollärare barnens spontanafysiska aktivitet i förskolans inomhusmiljö? Hur planerar förskollärare för fysisk aktivitet iförskolans inomhusmiljö? Vilken syn har förskollärare på möjligheter i förskolansinomhusmiljö? Studien utgår ifrån en kvalitativ metod där semistrukturerade intervjuergenomförts. Studien använder sig av innehållsanalys som metod där skillnader och likheterurskiljs. Genom induktiv analys har det transkriberade materialet sorterats genom kodningtill teman. Studiens resultat visar att förskollärarna anser att deras ansvar gällande fysiskaktivitet i inomhusmiljön är viktigt och att förskollärarna har flera strategier för att bemötabarnens spontana fysiska aktivitet. Resultatet visar även att det finns faktorer som påverkarplaneringen av den fysiska aktiviteten inomhus men att förskollärarna beskriver flerapositiva faktorer med att utföra fysisk aktivitet inomhus.

Contexte Un objectif important de la prise en charge de l'arthrite juvénile oligoarticulaire serait d'altérer le cours de la maladie à l'aide d'une thérapie hâtive. Nous avons étudié l'effet des injections intra-articulaires de corticostéroïdes hâtives sur les chances d'atteindre un décompte d'articulation active de zéro et une maladie inactive. Méthode Les données démographiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques des patients avec oligoarthrite juvénile enrôlés dans une étude prospective longitudinale pancanadienne ont été collectées pendant 2 ans. Une injection hâtive était définie comme étant reçue dans les 3 premiers mois suivant le diagnostic. Les équations d'estimation généralisées ont été utilisées pour l'analyse statistique. Résultats Trois cent dix patients ont été inclus. Cent onze (35.8%) ont reçu une injection hâtive. Ces derniers avaient une maladie plus active lors de l'entrée dans l'étude. Les patients exposés à une injection hâtive avaient une chance similaire d'obtenir un décompte d'articulation active de zéro, OR 1.52 (IC95% 0.68-3.37), p=0.306 mais étaient significativement moins à risque d'avoir une maladie inactive, OR 0.35 (IC95% 0.14-0.88), p=0.026. Interprétation Dans cette cohorte de 310 patients avec oligoarthrite juvénile, les injections hâtives de corticostéroïdes n'ont pas mené à une probabilité plus élevée d'atteindre un décompte d'articulation active de zéro ou une maladie inactive. Des problématiques méthodologiques intrinsèques à l'utilisation de données observationnelles pour fins d'estimation d'effets thérapeutiques auraient pu biaiser les résultats. Nous ne pouvons affirmer avec certitude que les injections hâtives n'améliorent pas le décours de la maladie. Des études prospectives adressant les limitations soulevées seront requises pour clarifier la question. / Background One of the goals in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis would be to alter the disease course with early therapy. We examined the association between early intra-articular corticosteroid injections and the achievement of an active joint count of zero and inactive disease during the first two years after study enrollment. Methods We included oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients enrolled into a prospective longitudinal cohort across Canada. Demographic, clinical and treatment-related information were collected. Early intra-articular corticosteroid injections was defined as having received the first injection within 3 months of diagnosis. Generalized estimating equations were used for data analysis. Results A total of 310 patients were included, of whom 111 (35.8%) received an early injection. Participants who received an early injection had more severe disease at baseline. Patients exposed to early injections had a similar chance to achieve an active joint count of zero, OR 1.52 (95%CI 0.68-3.37), p=0.306 but were significantly less likely to achieve inactive disease, OR 0.35 (95%CI 0.14-0.88), p=0.026. Interpretation In this cohort of 310 oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients, early intra-articular corticosteroid injections did not result in an increased risk of achieving an active joint count of zero or inactive disease. Methodological issues encountered when estimating treatment effect using observational data might have biased the estimates obtained. Firm conclusion on the inefficacy of early injections in improving outcomes in this population cannot be drawn from this study. Prospective studies addressing the limitations raised will be needed to clarify if early injections can alter the disease course.

The title of thesis: Influence of regular physical activities on the health of younger school children Aims of thesis: The main aim of this thesis is find out the reality, whether the regular physical activity influences on the health of younger school children. Nowadays, there is an increase of diseases caused by inactive way of life. It's because of today's hurried time and therefor there is a need to aware and stress the influence of regular physical activity on the health of each person, whether children or the adults. Hypokinetic way of life causes problems since the early childhood. At present, one third of people are obese and that's very alarming at these times where there is enough of healthy food and where every person has a chance to attend lots of sports centers. The next aims of this thesis is to find out children's attitude to sport and physical activities, whether they do any sport in their free time together with their parents and whether they are aware of influence of regular physical activity on their health. Method of thesis: A quantitative method was used to elaborate the research in this thesis, questionnaire that contained 15 questions. I distributed this questionnaire to the third and fourth grade pupils. The survey included closed, semi-closed, and open questions. A total of...

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation aims to make a study and processing of two types of signs of neuronal electrical activity. The first was recorded from multielectrode arrays (MEA), in reference to spontaneous activity of neuronal groups grown in cultures. We analyzed two cultures considered inactive, meaning, cultures that after a few days in vitro, there was not a connection between neurons. It was applied two mathematical tools, autocorrelation and power spectral density, allowing an analysis of the signal in time domain and frequency, respectively, trying to verify whether the data recorded from these inactive cultures could be considered as noise from instrumentation. In fact, the results indicate that these signals have similar characteristics to white noise, which disturbs any computer analysis usually performed by researchers in computational neuroscience. Another source of signals used for this study were records of electroencephalography (EEG), collected on 20 patients from the Clinical Hospital of Uberlândia under prior consent. After a clinical examination by qualified professional, an analysis was performed using computational Fourier transform and power spectral density. Through amplitude graphics (Fourier transform) and spectral density, we have realized that the signal energy is concentrated around the frequencies more representative and, in some cases, there was presence of noise from power network. With the phase spectrum, it was possible to conclude that signals with similar frequencies have spectra of similar phase. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo fazer um estudo e processamento de dois tipos de sinais de atividade elétrica neuronal. O primeiro foi registrado a partir de matrizes multieletrodos (MEA), referentes a atividade espontânea de grupos neuronais em cultura. Foram analisadas duas culturas consideradas como inativas, ou seja, culturas que após alguns dias in vitro, não se verificou a conexão entre os neurônios. Foram aplicadas duas ferramentas matemáticas, autocorrelação e densidade espectral de potência, permitindo uma análise do sinal no domínio do tempo e freqüência, respectivamente, procurando verificar se os dados registrados destas culturas inativas poderiam ser considerados como ruído de instrumentação. De fato, os resultados apontam que estes sinais apresentam características semelhantes ao ruído branco, o qual perturba qualquer análise informática normalmente realizada por pesquisadores em neurociência computacional. Outra fonte de sinais utilizados para este estudo foram registros de eletroencefalografia (EEG), coletados em 20 pacientes do Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia sob prévio consentimento destes. Após uma análise clínica por profissional qualificado, foi realizada uma análise computacional utilizando transformada de Fourier e densidade espectral de potência. Através dos gráficos de amplitude (transformada de Fourier) e densidade espectral, percebeu-se que a energia do sinal está concentrada em torno das freqüências mais representativas e, em alguns casos, observou-se presença de ruído de rede elétrica. Com o espectro de fase, foi possível concluir que sinais com freqüências semelhantes apresentam espectros de fase semelhantes. / Mestre em Ciências

Modern life, which is characterised by automation and mechanisation, causes laziness and inactivity in people all over the world. It in essence deprives one of movement, which negatively affects man and his body. Chronic illnesses caused by an inactive lifestyle lead to unnecessary deaths, which again impacts negatively on the community as a whole. The South African Police Service (SAPS) has far from escaped this worldwide phenomenon. It is, in fact, experiencing an abnormally high death rate, which can be linked directly to police officers’ lifestyle. This study has proven that the average police officer is in extremely poor physical condition, and that this is in all probability the cause of the unusually high natural death rate as well as the high incidence of suicide among SAPS members. The primary objective of this study is the justification of a physical maintenance programme for law enforcement officers. For this programme to be successful, it has to: (i) be relatively inexpensive and provide easily accessible facilities; (ii) be in line with critical physical job requirements; (iii) contribute directly to the maintenance of job-oriented fitness; (iv) include a section that is solely tasked with the physical maintenance of the officers; and (v) form part of the SAPS’s policy on sport. The results of this study show the dire necessity of the immediate implementation by SAPS management of the suggested physical maintenance programme. / Thesis (DPhil (Human Movement Science))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted