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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Individualios veiklos pajamų apmokestinimas gyventojų pajamų mokesčiu: teorinės ir praktinės problemos / The taxation of the individual activity’s income according to the law on the personal income tax: theoretical and practical problems

Cilciuvienė, Eglė 08 September 2009 (has links)
Šio magistrinio darbo tikslas yra atskleisti pajamų iš individualios veiklos apmokestinimo Lietuvoje teorines ir praktines problemas. Pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas pajamų iš individualios veiklos koncepcijai, nagrinėjant pačios individualios veiklos sąvoką, taip pat apmokestinimo teisiniam reglamentavimui, individualios veiklos buhalterinei apskaitai ir deklaracijų teikimui. Apmokestinant asmens pajamas iš individualios veiklos pirmiausia reikia nustatyti, ar asmuo vykdo tokią veiklą. Individualiai veiklai nepriklauso darbo veikla, t.y. kai asmuo tam tikrą laiką kito asmens naudai ir jo pavaldume atlieka paslaugas už tai gaudamas atlygį. Taip pat atsitiktinio pobūdžio asmens komerciniai sandoriai, vienkartiniai veiksmai. Individualios veiklos pajamos priskiriamos B klasei. Pajamų mokestį nuo šių pajamų nuolatinis Lietuvos gyventojas deklaruoja, apskaičiuoja ir sumoka pasibaigus mokestiniam laikotarpiui, neatsižvelgiant į tai, kad mokestiniame laikotarpyje kurį laiką veiklos nevykdė ir pajamų negavo. Kita vertus, kai gyventojas pageidauja, mokestiniu laikotarpiu jis gali apskaičiuoti pagal GPMĮ nuostatas nuo tokių pajamų priklausančią mokėti pajamų mokesčio sumą ir šį mokestį sumokėti, mokestiniu laikotarpiu neteikdamas jokios deklaracijos. Lietuvos gyventojo užsienyje gautos pajamos ir yra apmokestinamos užsienio valstybėje, o Lietuvoje jos yra atleidžiamos nuo mokesčio. / The main idea of this scrutiny is to outline the scope of taxable income from individual activity in Lithuania. The survey deals first with questions of notion of individual activity in Lithuanian personal income tax law, then with the calculation rules and principles, characteristics of taxable income, also declaration of income from individual activity is discussed. If income from individual activity must be taxed, first individual activity shall be determined. Individual activity varies from employment relations, i.e. when a person does his actual work under the subordination of someone else and gets renumeration. Also accasionally actions do not constitute individual activity. Income from individual activity form income of class B. Taxes from such an activity shall be declared, calculated and paid by the taxpayer until the first of May of next year. Income of Lithuanian resident received in foreigh country are not taxed by Lithuanian laws rather by that country where it was earned.
2

Mobiliojo tinklo paslaugų kokybės vertinimo ir gerinimo būdų tyrimas / Investigation of evaluation and improvement methods of service quality in mobile networks

Batkauskas, Vaidas 27 June 2006 (has links)
Topicality of the problem. GSM mobile networks are very widely used in the world and the number of GSM users exceeds 10^9. In the last decade, the GSM/GPRS network has been very rapidly expanded in Lithuania as well. Coverage of the network has reached 99 % of territory of the country. Load of the network in largest cities reaches up to several hundred Erlangs for square kilometre. Voice traffic still generates the largest part of the network load, however mobile data traffic also grows rapidly. Radio interface between the user of mobile services and the network is not stationary. The received QoS of every user in different places is different. Even in a single cell, radio link characteristics differ in different parts of the cell. The signal level may easily vary about 10–20 dB just within several or tens of meters. Moreover, a mobile user experiences different link conditions while moving in the natural environment within or between cells. However, historically characteristics of QoS of mobile services are measured and evaluated like the ones of the fixed network using statistical methods. Statistically calculated characteristics of QoS do not include information about the received quality of mobile telecommunication services of every individual user. Conception of the received quality of services of individual users (individual QoS – iQoS) in the GSM/GPRS network has not been analysed in the world before. QoS should be measured not only at the network level, as it is... [to full text]
3

Mobiliojo tinklo paslaugų kokybės vertinimo ir gerinimo būdų tyrimas / Investigation of evaluation and improvement methods of service quality in mobile networks

Batkauskas, Vaidas 27 June 2006 (has links)
Topicality of the problem. GSM mobile networks are very widely used in the world and the number of GSM users exceeds 10^9. In the last decade, the GSM/GPRS network has been very rapidly expanded in Lithuania as well. Coverage of the network has reached 99 % of territory of the country. Load of the network in largest cities reaches up to several hundred Erlangs for square kilometre. Voice traffic still generates the largest part of the network load, however mobile data traffic also grows rapidly. Radio interface between the user of mobile services and the network is not stationary. The received QoS of every user in different places is different. Even in a single cell, radio link characteristics differ in different parts of the cell. The signal level may easily vary about 10–20 dB just within several or tens of meters. Moreover, a mobile user experiences different link conditions while moving in the natural environment within or between cells. However, historically characteristics of QoS of mobile services are measured and evaluated like the ones of the fixed network using statistical methods. Statistically calculated characteristics of QoS do not include information about the received quality of mobile telecommunication services of every individual user. Conception of the received quality of services of individual users (individual QoS – iQoS) in the GSM/GPRS network has not been analysed in the world before. QoS should be measured not only at the network level, as it is... [to full text]
4

Individualios peticijos teisės įgyvendinimas tarptautinėje teisėje / Implementation of the right of individual petition in international law

Stašaitytė, Toma 24 November 2010 (has links)
Šiame magistriniame darbe analizuojama, kaip individualios peticijos teisė įgyvendinama kreipiantis į pagrindinių ir efektyviausiai žmogaus teises ginančių tarptautinių organizacijų – Jungtinių Tautų ir Europos Tarybos – tarptautinius individualias peticijas nagrinėjančius organus: JT Žmogaus teisių komitetą, įsteigtą pagal 1966 m. Tarptautinį pilietinių ir politinių teisių paktą ir individualias peticijas nagrinėjantį remiantis 1966 m. Tarptautinio pilietinių ir politinių teisių pakto fakultatyviu protokolu dėl peticijos teisės, JT Rasinės diskriminacijos panaikinimo komitetą, įsteigtą pagal 1965 m. Tarptautinę konvenciją dėl visų formų rasinės diskriminacijos panaikinimo, bei JT Komitetą prieš kankinimus, įsteigtą pagal 1984 m. Konvenciją prieš kankinimus ir kitokį žiaurų, nežmonišką ar žeminantį žmogaus orumą elgesį ir baudimą už jį ir Europos Žmogaus Teisių Teismą, įsteigtą pagal 1950 m. Europos žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių apsaugos konvenciją. Europos Taryboje individualios peticijos teisė buvo įtvirtinta anksčiausiai. Europos Žmogaus Teisių Teismas yra viena pagrindinių ir efektyviausiai žmogaus teises ginančių institucijų, tad jo praktikai skiriamas ypatingas dėmesys. Magistriniame darbe plačiai nagrinėjami reikalavimai, keliami individualioms peticijoms, remiantis aukščiau minėtomis tarptautinėmis sutartimis. Palyginus individualių peticijų priimtinumo kriterijus, galima teigti, kad jie iš esmės sutampa, kreipiantis tiek į JT komitetus, tiek į ET Europos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This work subscribes how right to individual petition is implemented in two main and most effective international organizations – United Nations and Council of Europe – and their international institutions which may consider individual petitions: the Human Rights Committee established according to 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination established according to 1965 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Committee Against Torture established according to 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and European Court of Human Rights established according to 1950 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Right to individual petition was first acclaimed by Council of Europe in 1950 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. European Court of Human Rights is one of the main and most effective institution considering individual petitions. Its case-law is really important and deserves much attention in this work too. Requirements for the individual petitions according to the above mentioned conventions are broadly explained in this work. It is possible to say that requirements for the individual petitions to UN treaty bodies and to the European Court of Human Rights are similar or almost the same, only a few differences can be named: ratione temporis requirement... [to full text]
5

Gimdymo namų pacienčių lūkesčių patenkinimas ir paslaugų vertinimas / Satisfaction of expectations and evaluation of services of female patients of maternity hospital

Goberis, Marius 19 June 2008 (has links)
Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti P.Mažylio gimdymo namų akušerijos skyriaus pacienčių požiūrį į teikiamų paslaugų kokybę ir jų lūkesčių patenkinimą. Uždaviniai. 1. Nustatyti pacienčių motyvaciją pasirenkant gydymo įstaigą. 2. Įvertinti pacienčių požiūrį į akušerijos stacionaro paslaugų kokybę. 3. Nustatyti pacienčių lūkesčių patenkinimą akušerijos skyriuje. 4. Įvertinti akušerijos skyriaus pacienčių žinias apie gimdymo eigą ir galimas komplikacijas. Tyrimo metodika. 2007m. birželio-rugpjūčio mėnesiais P.Mažylio gimdymo namų akušerijos skyriuje buvo atlikta anoniminė anketinė pacienči�� apklausa. Išdalinta 350 anketų, iš jų grįžo 311. Atsakas 89 proc. Duomenys analizuoti naudojant SPSS 10,0 versijos statistinę programą. Pacienčių nuomonė apie įvairius paslaugų kokybės ir lūkesčių patenkinimo aspektus įvertinta balų vidurkiais ir jų 95 proc. pasikliautinaisiais intervalais. Maksimalus Likert skalės įvertinimas buvo 5 balai. Rezultatai. Pagrindiniai motyvai pasirenkant gydymo įstaigą yra artimųjų ir pažįstamų rekomendacijos (4,21 balų), patogi vieta (4,16 balų), atsiliepimai internete (3,72 balo). Vertinant paslaugų kokybę pacienčių didžiausi vertinimo vidurkiai yra švariai aplinkai (4,92 balai), kokybiškoms paslaugoms (4,82 balai), gydytojo dėmesiui (4,79 balo). Patirtis gimdykloje, gimdymo skyriuje ir pacienčių lūkesčių patenkinimas įvertintas aukštais balais (daugiau nei 4 iš 5 galimų)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study. To evaluate attitude of female patients of obstetrics department of P. Mazylis maternity hospital towards the quality of provided services and evaluation of their expectations. Objectives. 1. To determine motivation of female patients choosing maternity hospital. 2. To analyze the quality of services of obstetrics stationary in the point of view of female patients. 3. To set satisfaction of female patients’ expectations in the department of obstetrics. 4. To evaluate knowledge of female patients of obstetrics department about process of childbirth and possible complications. Methods. Anonymous questionnaire survey of female patients was performed in obstetrics department of P. Mazylis maternity hospital during June-August, 2007. It was delivered 350 questionnaires, 311 of them were returned. Response was 89 percent. Data were analyzed using SPSS 10,0 version statistic program. Opinion of female patients about various aspects of service quality and satisfaction of expectations was evaluated in average of points and their 95 percent trustworthy intervals. Results. The main motivations choosing the maternity hospital were recommendations of relatives and acquaintances (4,21 points), convenient place (4,16 points), responses on the internet (3,72 points). Evaluating the quality of services the biggest averages of... [to full text]
6

Individualios įmonės bankrotas:teorinės ir praktinės problemos / The Bankruptcy of Individual Enterprise: theoretical and practical problems

Jasiulevičius, Kęstutis 21 December 2006 (has links)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden theoretische und praktische Probleme, die wegen der materiellen Haftung eines individuellen Unternehmens und seines Besitzers entstehen, analysiert, wenn das Unternehmen unter der Insolvenzerklärung ist und aufgelöst wird. Es wird eine Vervollkommnung der geltenden Rechtsakte vorgeschlagen, die eine Insolvenz des individuellen Unternehmens und die materielle Haftung seines Besitzers reglementieren.
7

Smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo problemos ir skatinimas Lietuvoje / The problems and incentive of the Lithuanian small and average business

Šlyterytė, Kristina 03 January 2007 (has links)
In the 2005 year the companies of the small and average business amounted up to 99,4 percentage of the all Lithuanian companies, they were engaged the 69,7 percentage of all Lithuanian staff and produced about 68,2 percentage of all Lithuanian surplus value. All the companies dependent on the market’s competition, taxes, technological advances, quality’s and environment’s rules, the changes of the laws, but the small and average companies differ from the gross companies, because they cannot reach these effects, similar to gross companies, and the small and average companies usually can only work in the market as gross companies’ partners. The main aim of the master work is to analyze the theoretical aspects of the activity of the small and average companies, besides to analize the main indicators of the small and average companies in Lithuania in the period of 2001 -2004 years (their structure, wages, size, financial rates and so on) and to analyze their taxation in 2005 year.
8

O processo coletivo para a defesa dos direitos individuais homogêneos / Il processo collettivo destinato alla defesa dei diritti individuali omogenei

Rodrigues, Viviane Siqueira 09 May 2012 (has links)
O escopo deste trabalho é examinar o processo coletivo destinado à defesa dos direitos individuais homogêneos e os meios paralelos de solução dos litígios de massa. Foi descrito o momento histórico no qual se insere a tutela dos interesses transindividuais e, precisamente a tutela coletiva dos direitos individuais, estabelecendo a conexão entre a sociedade pós-industrializada, a massificação das relações intersubjetivas e a busca da ciência processual por eficiência. Também descrevemos a evolução legislativa no tocante à tutela coletiva no direito brasileiro. Valendo-nos do desenvolvimento teórico em torno das categorias de direitos transindividuais, identificamos o objeto de estudo, alcançando então a natureza, características e dimensões dos chamados interesses individuais homogêneos. Então, sob uma ótica orgânica, foram debatidos os temas centrais que envolvem esse modelo de processo coletivo, à luz das normas constitucionais, das Leis n. 4.717/65, 7.347/85 e 8.078/90, que reunidas compõem o microssistema processual coletivo, e do direito projetado (Projeto n. 5139/2009) e comparado (Código Modelo de Processos Coletivos para a Ibero-América e outras experiências estrangeiras). Analisamos os temas da legitimidade, passando pelo rol de legitimados, requisitos da representatividade adequada e, também, pela legitimidade passiva do representante de direitos individuais homogêneos. Em torno da competência, expusemos os requisitos legais presentes no art. 93 do CDC, e apoiamos nossas considerações no espírito centralizador que, por razões de eficiência, deve guiar o manejo de ações coletivas. Quando nos dedicamos ao estudo da prova, vieram à lume a teoria das cargas dinâmicas do ônus da prova e o debate sobre o momento apropriado para a decisão sobre a inversão. Ao avançarmos para o tema da relação entre o processo coletivo e as ações individuais, passamos a analisar um dos mais relevantes aspectos da tutela coletiva dos interesses individuais homogêneos, que consiste na livre adesão do indivíduo à ação coletiva. Em torno da coisa julgada, defendemos a opção do legislador de 1990 pelo transporte secundum eventum litis da coisa julgada coletiva para a esfera individual. Mas observamos que, para a fase atual de desenvolvimento tecnológico e das organizações judiciárias, é muito positivo o paulatino caminhar para um modelo mais eficiente. Em continuação, examinamos os aspectos procedimentais da liquidação e da execução da sentença coletiva genérica. Alcançado o tema das outras técnicas de resolução dos conflitos de massa, preconizamos especial atenção do intérprete para o resguardo do objeto das ações coletivas. Então, foram buscadas as origens e os fundamentos de direito comparado para a improcedência prima facie da demanda com fulcro no art. 285-A do CPC, a súmula impeditiva de recursos e o incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas. Ainda dentre as soluções heterocompositivas das controvérsias de massa, também foi estudada a arbitrabilidade dos direitos individuais homogêneos, na sua dimensão coletiva. O mesmo foi feito, por sua vez, no âmbito das soluções autocompositivas, com relação à transação. Por fim, dedicaram-se alguns capítulos à descrição das regras vigentes em alguns países ocidentais (Portugal, Itália, Estados Unidos da América, Colômbia e Argentina). / Lo scopo di questo lavoro è esaminare il processo collettivo destinato alla difesa dei diritti individuali omogenei e i mezzi paralleli di soluzione dei litigi di massa. È stato descritto il momento storico in cui si inserisce la tutela degli interessi transindividuali e, precisamente, la tutela collettiva dei diritti individuali, stabilendo la connessione tra la società post-industrializzata, la massificazione delle relazioni intersoggettive e la ricerca della scienza processuale per efficienza. Abbiamo anche descritto levoluzione legislativa che riguarda la tutela collettiva del diritto brasiliano. Valendoci dello sviluppo teorico intorno alle categorie dei diritti transindividuali, abbiamo identificato loggetto di studio, raggiungendo così la natura, le caratteristiche e le dimensioni dei nominati interessi individuali omogenei. Dunque, in unottica organica, sono stati dibattuti i temi centrali che coinvolgono questo modello di processo collettivo, alla luce delle norme costituzionali, delle Leggi n. 4.717/65, 7.347/85 e 8.078/90, che riunite compongono il microsistema processuale collettivo, e del diritto progettato (Progetto n. 5139/2009) e comparato (Codice Modello di Processi Collettivi per lIbero-America e altre esperienze straniere). Abbiamo analizzato i temi della legittimità, passando per lelenco dei legittimati, requisiti della rappresentanza adeguata e anche per la legittimità passiva del rappresentante di diritti individuali omogenei. Intorno alla competenza, abbiamo esposto i requisiti legali presenti nellart. 93 del Codice del Consumo, e abbiamo appoggiato le nostre considerazioni sullo spirito centralizzatore che, per ragioni di efficienza, deve guidare la gestione di azioni collettive. Quando ci siamo dedicati allo studio della prova, sono venute alla luce la teoria dei carichi dinamici dellonere della prova e il dibattito sul momento appropriato per la decisione sullinversione. Dal tema della relazione tra il processo collettivo e le azioni individuali, abbiamo analizzato uno dei più rilevanti aspetti della tutela collettiva degli interessi individuali omogenei, che consiste nella libera adesione dellindividuo allazione collettiva. Riguardo la cosa giudicata, abbiamo difeso lopzione del legista del 1990 per il trasporto secundum eventum litis dalla cosa giudicata collettiva alla sfera individuale. Ma abbiamo osservato che, per la fase attuale di sviluppo tecnologico e delle organizzazioni giudiziarie, è molto positivo levolversi verso un modello più efficiente. Successivamente, abbiamo esaminato gli aspetti procedimentali della liquidazione e dellesecuzione della sentenza collettiva generica. Raggiungendo il tema delle altre tecniche di risoluzione dei conflitti di massa, abbiamo preconizzato speciale attenzione dellinterprete per la cura delloggetto delle azioni collettive. Allora, sono state cercate le origini e i fondamenti di diritto comparato per limprocedibilità prima facie della richiesta con fulcro nellart. 285-A del Codice di Procedura Civile, il riassunto impeditivo di ricorsi e lincidente di risoluzione di richieste ripetitive. Ancora tra le soluzioni eterocompositive delle controversie di massa, è stata anche studiata larbitrabilità dei diritti individuali omogenei, nella sua dimensione collettiva. Lo stesso è stato fatto nellambito delle soluzioni autocompositive, in relazione alla transazione. Infine, sono stati dedicati alcuni capitoli alla descrizione delle regole vigenti in alcuni paesi occidentali (Portogallo, Italia, Stati Uniti dellAmerica, Colombia e Argentina).
9

KULINARIJOS PRADMENŲ PROGRAMOS SPECIALIŲJŲ UGDYMOSI POREIKIŲ MOKINIAMS PLĖTOTĖ / DEVELOPMENT OF COOKERY BASICS PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS

Kasputytė, Ingrida 27 August 2009 (has links)
Darbe atlikta teorinė ugdymo turinio individualizavimo samprata, nurodyti individualios programos rengimo principai ir etapai. Iškelta hipotezė, kad ugdydami vidutinius ir didelius specialiuosius ugdymosi poreikius patiriančius mokinius, mokytojai moko tų pačių temų, tik nustato skirtingą jų įsisavinimo laiką ir skirtingus mokymo būdus, o rengdami individualias kulinarijos pradmenų ugdymo programas vidutinius ir didelius specialiuosius ugdymosi poreikius patiriantiems mokiniams mokytojai derina bendrąsias ir specialiąsias programas. Anketinės apklausos metodu bei mokyklos dokumentų analize buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas- ištirti ko ir kaip pedagogai moko aukštesniųjų lavinamųjų klasių mokinius ugdydami jų kulianrijos pradmenų gebėjimus. Parengtos rekomendacinės kulinarijos pradmenų ugdymo temos vidutinius ir didelius specialiuosius ugdymosi poreikius patiriantiems mokiniams, pravestas eksperimentinis mokymas, įvertinti ir palyginti mokinių gebėjimai gaminti valgį iki eksperimentinio mokymo ir po jo. Siekiama nustatyti, kokiais kriterijais remdamiesi mokytojai nustato, kokiu lygiu mokiniai įsisavino programą. Tyrime dalyvavo 30 specialiosios mokyklos aukštesniųjų lavinamųjų klasių mokinių technologijų mokytojų ir 60 5 - 10 lavinamųjų klasių mokinių. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjamas mokytojų suvokimas apie lavinamųjų klasių mokinių gebėjimą gaminti valgį, nustatomi trys mokinių gebėjimų lygiai: gebančių savarankiškai gaminti, gebančių gaminti su pagalba ir negebančių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Development of cookery basics should help those children to accomplish the objective to be grown-ups, independent and able to take care of themselves. Schoolchildren, having acquired food preparation skills will have a greater freedom of choice and more possibilities to live a more independent life. Hypothesis: it is likely that poor cooking skills impede children independent functioning in social environment, therefore suggested topics for development of cookery program will satisfy the needs of children with extensive and extremely extensive educational needs and will benefit solution of this problem. 30 crafts teachers of upper grades of specialized school and 60 schoolchildren of extensive and extremely extensive special educational needs of upper grades (5-10) from specialized schools participated in the research. The most significant conclusions of empirical research: ● Data from teachers’ questionnaires reveal that all of them follow the program of “Cookery basics” and examine all of the recommended topics, least of their attention dedicating to the topics, such as “Essence of diet” and “Menu”. According to respondents, these topics do not meet children needs with extensive and extremely extensive special educational needs as well as possibilities to acquire them. ● Only fifth of participants are able to cook independently, about two fifths cook with the supervision of a teacher and two fifths do not prepare food at all. This confirms our hypothesis that poor... [to full text]
10

Individualios veiklos samprata ir apmokestinimas / Concept and taxation of individual activity

Šliažaitė, Laura 08 September 2009 (has links)
Individuali veikla, kaip teisinė kategorija, Lietuvoje egzistuoja nuo 2003 m. sausio 1 d., kai įsigaliojo GPMĮ. Teisinės prielaidos užsiimti savarankiška veikla nesteigiant juridinio asmens fiksuojamos ir anksčiau – iki 2002 m. gruodžio 31 d. galiojo patentų sistema. Veikla su patentu buvo traktuojama per daug siaurai – tai lėmė savarankiškos veiklos teisinio reguliavimo pokyčius pereinant prie individualios veiklos instituto. Galima teigti, jog pagal dabartinį teisinį reguliavimą ši verslo organizavimo forma yra visapusiškai inkorporuota į verslo sistemą, ji sudaro smulkiausiąjį verslo segmentą, o jos subjektai yra pilnateisiai verslo atstovai, galintys pasinaudoti pakankamai plačiomis verslo galimybėmis. Individualios veiklos sąvokos įtvirtinimas įstatymuose bei bandymas formalizuotai pateikti atskirus tokios veiklos požymius sukūrė kritišką visuomenės požiūrį dėl sąvokos apibrėžtumo stokos bei galimybės kiekvieną iš požymių traktuoti itin plačiai. Netobula individualios veiklos definicijos formuluotė doktrinoje įvardijama kaip pagrindinė priežastis dėl nuolat augančių mokestinių ginčų skaičiaus, kuriuose ginčo dalykas – gautų pajamų pripažinimas iš individualios veiklos gautomis pajamomis. Magistro darbe darbo autorė problematikos užuomazgų ieško platesniame kontekste. Siekiant užsibrėžto tikslo – identifikuoti individualios veiklos ribas, darbe nuosekliai analizuojami visi individualios veiklos požymiai (tęstinumas, savarankiškumas, ekonominės naudos siekimas), remiantis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Individual activity, as legal rank, has being prevailed in Lithuania since 1 January 2003 when the Law on Personal Income tax was inured. Legal premise to perform an independent activity without establishing a legal entity was fixed earlier, because till 31 December 2002 it was available under patent system. Activity with patent was treated too much constricted and this determined changes in juridical regulation of independent activity by passing to insitute of Individual Activity. It can be stated, that this form of business today is fully incorporated in the enterprise system and today it forms the smallest section of business, moreover it must be pointed up, that representatives of individual activity have wide possibilities to operate in business market. When the definition of individual activity appeared in the Law on Personal Income tax and the features of it were determined, the critical public opinion arose because of lack of specification and possibility to interpret each of the features very widely. The widespread opinion of imperfect definition is considered as the main reason of frequent litigations. In the master’s work author tried to look for the primary reasons of this problem in much wider way. Having an aim to find the framework of individual activity, author analysed all features of the definition of an individual activity (succession, independence, economic benefit) according to the practice of institutions which judge taxation related issues, judgments of... [to full text]

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