abstract: Project teams expend substantial effort to develop scope definition during the front end planning phase of large, complex projects, but oftentimes neglect to sufficiently plan for small projects. An industry survey administered by the author showed that small projects make up approximately half of all projects in the infrastructure construction sector (by count), the planning of these projects varies greatly, and that a consistent definition of “small infrastructure project” did not exist. This dissertation summarizes the motivations and efforts of Construction Industry Institute (CII) Research Team 314a to develop a non-proprietary front end planning tool specifically for small infrastructure projects, namely the Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI) for Small Infrastructure Projects. The author was a member of CII Research Team 314a, who was tasked with developing the tool in September 2015. The author, together with the research team, scrutinized and adapted an existing infrastructure-focused FEP tool, the PDRI for Infrastructure Projects, and other resources to develop a set of 40 specific elements relevant to the planning of small infrastructure projects. The author along with the research team supported the facilitation of seven separate industry workshops where 71 industry professionals evaluated the element descriptions and provided element prioritization data that was statistically analyzed and used to develop a corresponding weighted score sheet. The tool was tested on 76 completed and in-progress projects, the analysis of which showed that small infrastructure projects with greater scope definition (based on the tool’s scoring scheme) outperformed projects with lesser scope definition regarding cost performance, schedule performance, change performance, financial performance, and customer satisfaction. Moreover, the author found that users of the tool on in-progress projects agreed that the tool added value to their projects in a timeframe and manner consistent with their needs, and that they would continue using the tool in the future. The author also conducted qualitative and quantitative similarities and differences between PDRI – Infrastructure and PDRI – Small Infrastructure Projects in support of improved planning efforts for both types of projects. Finally, the author piloted a case study that introduced the PDRI into an introductory construction management course to enhance students’ learning experience. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Construction Management 2017

Covid-19, pandemin som inte endast bidragit till, utan också skyndat på omställningen vad gäller framtidens arbetssätt i rasande fart. Projektledare har likt många andra behövt ställa om sitt arbetssätt helt under en lång period, vilket letttill en ny vardag att infinna sig i. Erfarenhetsöverföring är en viktig bit i och mellan projekt, där majoriteten av all information tidigare har delats naturligt på arbetsplatsen genom informella samtal. Vad händer med erfarenhetsöverföringen när de samtalen försvinner? Mot bakgrund av det var syftet med föreliggande studie att undersöka hur formellt och informellt lärande fungerar för erfarenhetsöverföring i infrastrukturprojekt vid fjärrarbete, vilket efterföljdes av frågeställningen; Hur upplever projektledare erfarenhetsöverföring i infrastrukturprojekt vid fjärrarbete?  Studien hade sin utgångspunkt i en kvalitativ ansats och semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med tjänstepersoner inom offentlig verksamhet som alla arbetar med infrastrukturprojekt. Sju intervjuer transkriberades och analyserades med tematisk analys, vilket resulterade i tre teman; Hur vet jag det jag inte vet?, Informationsmässigt offside och En varg är ingenting utan sin flock. Resultatet visar att den delade upplevelsen är att det i grunden är något positivt med erfarenhetsöverföring och fjärrarbete för att det kan bidra med mycket i projekten. För att erfarenhetsöverföringen ska fungera väl behöver formernaanpassas utifrån de förutsättningar som fjärrarbete ger. En slutsats är att det är viktigt med formella former hos organisationen för insamling och lagring av erfarenheter för att inte allt ansvar ska vara på individnivå. Ytterligare en slutsats är att det behövs förutsättningar för medarbetare att lära känna varandra för att etablera relationer, vilket möjliggör informellt lärande. / Covid-19, the pandemic that not only contributed to, but also accelerated the transition in terms of future working methods. Project managers, like many others, have had to change their way of working completely for a long time, which has led to a new way of life. Knowledge sharing is an important part of and betweenprojects. Previously most of the information has been shared naturally in the workplace through informal conversations. What happens to the knowledge sharing when those conversations disappear? Against this background, the purpose of the study was to investigate how formal and informal learning works for knowledge sharing in infrastructure project when working remotely. This led to the research question; How do project managers experience knowledge sharing in infrastructure projects when working remotely? The study was based on a qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews were conducted with project managers who all work with infrastructure projects. Seven interviews were transcribed and analysed with thematic analysis, which resulted in three themes; How do I know what I do not know?, Offside in terms of information and A wolf is nothing without its wolf pack.  The results show that the shared experience overall is something positive, because knowledge sharing and remote working can contribute a lot to the projects. For the knowledge sharing to work well, the forms need to be adapted based on the conditions provided by working remotely. The conclusion is that it is important to have formal forms at the organization for gathering and storing knowledge, so that not all responsibilities are at the individual. Another conclusion is that employees need to have conditions to get to know each other in order to establish relationships, which enables informal learning.

Kuwait is planning for huge infrastructure and development projects through long term strategies and visions from 2007 until 2035 to overcome the needs for the welfare housing and to move the country to be the region’s top commercial and financial hub. These goals wouldn’t be achieved without having a strong partner (private sector) to drive the economy by participating in construction mega projects. Public-private partnership (PPP) is the framework which engages both parties to successfully achieve long term plans to deliver what the country and citizens need. To attract the private sector to participate and provide the services needed with the expected high qualities and techniques, the public sector needs to improve the environment to facilitate PPP implementation. This research investigates the existence of critical success factors of PPP project in construction sector of Kuwait: Effective procurement, Project implementability, Available financial market, Government guarantee and Favorable economic conditions and give recommendations to focus on improving them to achieve successful PPP projects.

Vattenhantering i infrastrukturprojekt är ett viktigt ämne eftersom det kan påverka den omgivande miljön på ett negativt sätt. I projekt med förorenat mark kan vattnet innehålla allt från metaller till polyaromatiska kolväten, vilket medför svårigheter att hantera. Vattenföroreningarna orsakas av utgrävning, grundläggning, injektering, betonggjutning och bergsprängning. Vattnet kan delvis bildas av regnvatten som faller på byggarbetsplatsen eller genom schaktning under grundvattennivån. Det vatten som genom pumpning avleds från en arbetsplats eller uppfodras är känt som länsvatten. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur urvalet och tillämpningen av metoder för länsvatten kan förenklas och optimeras för att passa svenska förhållanden. Vidare är syftet att utvärdera hur informationen om olika tekniker är relaterad till hur entreprenörer arbetar i praktiken under vissa förhållanden. Avhandlingen består av tre delar. Den första delen är en teoretisk beskrivning av svenska lagar och utsläppskrav som gäller för länsvatten, vanliga reningsmetoder som används och hantering av länsvatten i Washington. Den andra delen är en fallstudie med ett studiebesök på byggarbetsplatsen Marieholmförbindelsen. Den tredje delen består av analytiska beräkningar och jämförelser mot provdata. Resultaten visar att vanliga container behållare bör endast användas för sedimentering av sandpartiklar eftersom ytområdet är begränsat vilket ger en kortare sedimenteringstid. De har också en begränsad flödeskapacitet vilket måste tas till hänsyn för att få en effektiv sedimentering. Specifika krav på övervakning och underhåll av container behållare bör finnas för entreprenören. I fall med mindre partiklar som till exempel silt bör användning av container behållare uteslutas, förutom vid användnings som försedimenteringssteg. Resultaten visar även att vid sedimentering av partiklar mindre än medelsilt är det nödvändigt med en uppehållstid på minst 10 timmar. Uppehållstiden kan däremot skilja sig från 10 timmar till allt uppemot 100 timmar för till exempel fin silt, som har en partikelstorlek mellan 0,0063 mm-0,002 mm. För lera skulle detta innebära en uppehållstid på minst 100 timmar vilket motsvarar mer än 4 dagar. Genom att använda traditionell sedimentering som reningsteknik skulle man antingen behöva ett stort sedimentationsområde eller ett mycket lågt flöde. Detta innebär att traditionell sedimentering är orimlig att använda sig av på grund av ekonomiska aspekter, rymdbegränsningar och effektivitet. Baserad på resultat och slutsatser, föreslås följande rekommendationer: •Vanliga container behållare som kräver hög underhållning och övervakning, rekommenderas inte att användas i större utsträckning än som ett försedimenteringssteg för partiklar som är mindre än grovsilt som har en partikeldiameter mellan 0,02-0,063 mm. •Det är viktigt att ha en helhetssyn genom att skapa tydliga riktlinjer för entreprenörerna. •Det är lämpligt att använda den hydrauliska effekten, A, för att säkerställa en korrekt konfiguration och god separationskapacitet. / Water management in infrastructure projects is an important topic since it could affect the surrounding environment in a negative way. In projects with contaminated land, the water could contain everything from metals to polyaromatic hydrocarbons which entails difficulties in managing. The water can be formed partly by rainwater that falls on the construction site or by excavation below the water level. The water pollution is caused by excavation, foundation, grouting, concrete castings and rock blasting. This water is known as stormwater discharges from construction activities. The aim of the thesis is to investigate how the selection and application of methods for stormwater management from construction activities can be simplified and optimized in order to suit Swedish conditions. Further the aim is to evaluate how the information available about different techniques relates to how the contractors work in practice under some conditions. The thesis consists of three parts. The first part theoretical description of Swedish laws and requirements dealing with stormwater discharge from construction activities, common purification methods that are used and management of stormwater discharge in the state Washington. The second part is a case study with a study visit at the construction site of Marieholmförbindelsen. The third part consists of analytical calculations and comparisons to measured data. The results show that regular containers should only be used to sediment sand particles since the surface area is limited which gives a reduced sedimentation time. They also have a limited flow capacity, which must be followed to work properly. The requirement of self-monitoring and maintenance for the contractor should be increased. In other cases, with smaller particles to settle such as silt, regular containers should not be used greater than as a pre-sedimentation step. The results also show that for sedimentation of particles smaller than medium silt it is necessary with a residence time of minimum 10 hours. This means that for the soil type fine silt, which has a particle range between 0.0063mm-0.002mm, the residence time can differs between 10-100 hours. For the soil type clay this would mean a residence time of at least 100 hours which equals more than 4 days. By using traditional sedimentation as purification technique one would either need a huge sedimentation area or a very small flow. Either of these solutions is unreasonable due to economic aspects, space limitations and efficiency. Based on the results and conclusions, the following recommendations can be proposed: •Regular containers demands a high maintenance and self-monitoring, and isn’t recommended to use in greater occurrence than as a pre-sedimentation step for particles smaller than course silt, which has a particle diameter between 0.02-0.063mm. •Use a holistic approach by creating clear guidelines for the contractors. •Use the hydraulic efficiency, λ, to ensure a proper configuration and a good separation capacity.

Att arbeta hållbart blir allt viktigare, inte minst i byggbranschen som länge har kämpat för att skapa säkra arbetsplatser. För att vara en attraktiv arbetsgivare måste företag arbeta med hållbarhet ur fler aspekter av sina anställdas hälsa. Tillsammans med ökade krav på hållbarhet ökar även förväntningarna på mående på arbetsplatsen. Företag har goda skäl att ta hänsyn till detta även ur en produktivitetssynpunkt då forskning visat både att arbetet påverkar hur anställda mår och att deras mående påverkar deras prestation och i förlängningen projektets produktivitet. Studiens syfte är att bättre förstå hur projektorganisationer och dess medlemmar arbetar för att etablera socialt hållbara arbetsprocesser i uppstarten av produktion i ett infrastrukturprojekt. För att göra det kommer framväxten av rutiner samt vilka konsekvenser tröghet och splittring får för projektmedlemmarna studeras med fokus på välmående. I en kvalitativ intervjustudie undersöktes uppstarten av produktion i tre infrastrukturprojekt i Stockholm. Det visade sig att välmående och andra mjuka parametrar är mycket viktiga för projektens medlemmar och att rutiner i uppstarten av produktion inte reflekterar det. En del av orsaken kan förklaras ur ett rutinperspektiv: organisationen har en tröghet som gör det svårt för dem att byta ut sina rutiner och en ibland även splittring som gör det svårt att komma överens om gemensamma rutiner. Det är lättare för projektmedlemmarna att arbeta mot kortsiktiga mål än mot långsiktiga mål vilket blir tydligt när det kommer till arbete med välmående och andra mjuka parametrar. / Working sustainably is becoming significantly more important, especially in the construction industry which has struggled to create safe working environments for a long time. In order to be an attractive employer companies must work with sustainability from many aspects of their employees’ health. Sustainability demands have increased along with expectations of well-being in the workplace. Companies have reason to consider this also from a productivity perspective, research has shown that work affects the well-being of employees and well-being affects their performance which in turn affects project productivity. The purpose of this study is to better understand how project organizations and its members work to establish socially sustainable work processes in the start-up of production in an infrastructure project. To do so the development of routines along with the consequences of inertia and fragmentation have on the members of the project will be investigated, with a focus on well-being. In a qualitative interview study, the start of production in three infrastructure projects in Stockholm were investigated. It turned out that well-being and other soft parameters are very important to the project members and that project routines in the start of production do not reflect that. Partly the reasons for this can be explained from a routine perspective: the organization contains inertia which makes it difficult for them to change routines, in some cases they are also fragmented which makes it difficult to agree upon common routines. It is easier for the members of the projects to work towards short term goals than long term goals, which becomes clear when it comes to work aimed towards well-being and other soft parameters.

The diploma thesis deals with project management in Business Intelligence, a relatively new area of information systems. The first part of the thesis describes basic background of project management in general and some specifics of information systems project management. As one of the fundamental concepts, thinking about a project within its lifecycle is accented. The practical part examines the challenges of managing BI projects in a real financial institution in the Czech Republic. The aim of this section is to fill gaps in the existing project methodology of the financial institution by creating a mapping between the project lifecycle and processes of world-renowned PMBOK methodology.

O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo as obras e os projetos de desenvolvimento econômico da bacia do Tapajós. A região é considerada estratégica devido ao seu potencial energético e a sua localização privilegiada para implantação de um corredor multimodal para escoamento da produção agrícola provinda da região, em especial do Mato Grosso e Pará. Historicamente o uso predatório dos recursos naturais tem sido uma constante nas atividades econômicas ali desenvolvidas e, atualmente, a bacia vem recebendo vultosos investimentos de grandes empresas do segmento do agronegócio e da mineração. Muitos são os impactos socioambientais que tais obras e atividades econômicas ocasionarão e a especulação, bem como a expectativa em torno das obras já está gerando um significativo aumento no desmatamento. A possibilidade de perda de inúmeros habitats de inestimável valor ambiental, cultural e arqueológico pode colocar em risco o equilíbrio e a resiliência da bacia. A questão torna-se mais preocupante em razão de não existir estudos quanto à sobreposição de tantas frentes de pressão sobre os ambientes conservados da região, visto que a bacia do Tapajós é um mosaico de áreas de preservação, incluindo as unidades de conservação e as terras indígenas. Assim através da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, pretende-se responder a seguinte indagação: como equilibrar o desenvolvimento com a conservação da região? Para tanto, impõe-se como objetivo geral a investigação por meio da filtragem constitucional das Políticas Públicas promotoras do desenvolvimento sustentável. O estudo terá como base as garantias constitucionais e os princípios gerais do Direito Ambiental como vetores do desenvolvimento sustentável. A análise do projeto de desenvolvimento econômico da região será contrastada com os prováveis impactos socioambientais decorrentes dos empreendimentos pretendidos para a região e, por consequente, a apresentação do Plano de Prevenção e Controle do Desmatamento da Amazônia (PPCDAM) como um caminho para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Diante de tal discussão constata-se que no embate entre o ideal desenvolvimentista, a preservação do meio ambiente e a observância aos direitos fundamentais, prevalece nas tomadas de decisões o ganho de capital e a questão desenvolvimentista. A necessidade de uma mudança de paradigma através do fortalecimento da cultura socioambiental ainda é um obstáculo a ser transposto. Conclui-se que a inovação no uso de uma abordagem integrada de combate às causas do desmatamento trazida pelo Plano de Prevenção e Controle do Desmatamento da Amazônia (PPCDAm), tem o condão de criar um novo modelo para o desenvolvimento da região. Essa nova visão esbarra em alguns entraves de difícil transposição, como a ainda incipiente presença do Estado na região e a pouca exequibilidade do eixo temático responsável pelo fomento das atividades produtivas sustentáveis e a valoração das práticas tradicionais. / The present work has as object of study the works and projects of economic development of the Tapajós basin. The region is considered strategic because of its energy potential and its privileged location for the implementation of a multimodal corridor for the flow of agricultural production from the region, especially Mato Grosso and Pará. Historically the predatory use of natural resources has been a constant in the Economic activities developed there and, currently, the basin has been receiving large investments from large companies in the agribusiness and mining segment. Many are the socio-environmental impacts that such works and economic activities will cause and speculation as well as the expectation around the works is already generating a significant increase in deforestation. The possibility of loss of innumerable habitats of inestimable environmental, cultural and archaeological value may jeopardize the balance and resilience of the basin. The issue becomes more worrying because there are no studies on the overlap of so many pressure fronts on the preserved environments of the region, since the Tapajós basin is a mosaic of preservation areas, including conservation units and lands Indigenous peoples. Thus, through bibliographical and documentary research, the following question is asked: how to balance development with conservation of the region? In order to do so, the general objective is to research through the constitutional filtering of Public Policies that promote sustainable development. The study will be based on constitutional guarantees and the general principles of Environmental Law as vectors of sustainable development. The analysis of the region's economic development project will be contrasted with the likely socio-environmental impacts resulting from the projects intended for the region and, consequently, the presentation of the Amazon Deforestation Prevention and Control Plan (PPCDAM) as a path to sustainable development. Faced with such a discussion, it is noted that the clash between the developmental ideal, the preservation of the environment and the observance of fundamental rights, capital gains and the developmental issue prevails in decision-making. The need for a paradigm shift through the strengthening of socio-environmental culture is still an obstacle to be transposed. It is concluded that the innovation in the use of an integrated approach to combat the causes of deforestation brought by the PPCDAm, has the potential to create a new model for the development of the region. This new vision runs counter to some obstacles of difficult transposition, such as the still incipient presence of the State in the region and the little feasibility of the thematic axis responsible for the promotion of sustainable productive activities and the valuation of traditional practices.

"Over the years, risk analysis methodologies have been developed and implemented by many industries. NASA has implemented a cost efficient Continuous Risk Analysis methodology with good results. The U. S. Department of Transportation also states that a continuous risk analysis is the key in identifying, addressing, and handling risks before they become threats to success. However, current practices seldom incorporate this concept into real transportation projects. In general, risk is simply disregarded in feasibility studies. One of primary reasons is the lack of a feasible and effective risk analysis approach to guide efficient implementation in real projects. This thesis reviews current risk analysis practices used in public transportation projects. Using a case study, it also explores potential obstacles encountered in the implementation of systematic risk analysis. Finally, this thesis presents a preliminary risk analysis framework developed through the case study and enriched subsequently by incorporating material documented in the literature. The proposed risk analysis approach is to help achieve continuous risk analysis in transportation projects by enabling early start, frequent implementation, extensive application and flexible adoption."

Grenada is 1 of 15 developing countries in Caribbean Community known as CARICOM. The infrastructure capital projects in these developing countries are plagued with an array of issues: unethical practices, inadequate supervision, lack of transparency and accountability, inadequate monitoring and evaluation, cost overruns, and inefficiencies. In the 1980s and 1990s, the International Monitory Fund and World Bank introduced a balanced scorecard engineered under the structural adjustment program, but it was unable to improve infrastructure project efficiencies. This qualitative case study sought to understand the role of management key performance indicators (KPIs) on public sector infrastructure capital project efficiency on the island of Grenada. An institutional assessment and development framework and a classical management theoretical framework methodology were used to explore the effects of management KPIs on public sector infrastructure capital projects efficiencies in developing countries. The research incorporated a constructivist philosophy that underpins the evaluation and perception of the government, the National Water and Sewerage Authority (NAWASA), project teams, systems, and stakeholders. A purposive sampling strategy with elements of snowballing was used to obtain 12 representative participants for interviews, and a systematic approach of transcribing, coding, and thematic analysis was done. Findings indicate inadequacies in the BSC performance measure system on infrastructure projects, which justifies the use of comprehensive management KPIs. Positive social change implications of this study include recommendations for comprehensive management KPIs and policies to improve public sector infrastructure project efficiency in Grenada.

Empreendimentos de construção apresentam potencial expressivo para o surgimento de conflitos, os quais, quando se tornam disputas, podem representar o comprometimento de prazos e resultados. O aumento da ocorrência mundial de desentendimentos em contratos de construção tem estimulado a criação de métodos de prevenção e de solução de disputas alternativos aos processos judiciais. Nesse contexto, destacam-se os Dispute Boards, que consistem em conselhos formados por profissionais experientes que acompanham a execução das obras, com a função de prevenir e solucionar conflitos por meio de recomendações e decisões ao longo da realização dos empreendimentos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a dinâmica dos Dispute Boards e identificar as perspectivas de utilização do mecanismo na realidade brasileira. Por meio de uma revisão da literatura, são expostos conceitos, características, vantagens e o panorama internacional de implantação dos Dispute Boards em contratos de construção. No que diz respeito ao contexto nacional, o trabalho levanta as principais iniciativas de incentivo aos Dispute Boards no país e, a partir do estudo de caso da primeira adoção do método no Brasil, evidencia experiências e lições aprendidas. Com base em questionários aplicados a profissionais envolvidos com disputas no setor da construção, também são discutidos desafios, oportunidades e expectativas de crescimento dos Dispute Boards no curto, médio e longo prazo em contratos de construção no Brasil. / Construction projects have significant potential for the emergence of conflicts, which may become disputes and represent the commitment of deadlines and results. The increase of disagreements at construction projects worldwide has stimulated the creation of methods of prevention and solution of disputes, alternatively to standard legal proceedings. In this context, Dispute Boards stand out because they consist of councils formed by experienced professionals who monitor the execution of the works, by preventing and solving conflicts through recommendations and decisions during the construction phase. This work aims to present the dynamics of Dispute Boards and identify the perspectives of its use in the Brazilian outlook. Based on a literature review, concepts, characteristics, advantages and the international panorama of implementation of Dispute Boards in construction contracts are exposed. Regarding the national context, this research highlights the main initiatives to encourage Dispute Boards in the country and, by means of the case study of the first adoption of the method in Brazil, shows experiences and lessons learned. Through surveys applied to professionals involved with disputes in the construction industry, this work also discusses challenges, opportunities and growth expectations for Dispute Boards in the short, medium and long terms in Brazilian construction contracts.