公司技術鑑價現今仍是有許多爭議，很多專家學者借用財務或者是會計的理論工具來作為技術鑑價的應用。但技術本是不是一個靜態的存在，持不同觀點的學者則認為技術是一個動態且不停的在變化的過程。技術本身所內涵的知識與智慧成分很高，這又更加強了它的易變性；在訪談的過程當中，國內鑑價的業界人士們普遍認為技術在不同的運用方式與經手的技術和經營團對手中，其產生的價值是有明顯的不同；此外一般人會認為評估技術大都用橫斷面的角度來看待技術的價值，不過現在有越來越多的學者會把市場面的管理因素置入技術價值的評估。也有專家或者是學者往上端去探究，認為技術預測以及整個綜觀面的技術生命週期都是技術價值產生中，不可或缺的影響因素。 本研究想著重的就是以智慧資本的概念來衡量技術真實的價值，承續著Skandia的五個焦點；Edvinsson與Malone有強調其中在『流程焦點』的精神就是「在處理技術工具在支援整體企業價值創造時，所扮演的角色」。由此一個更細部以及深入的探究，即本研究想要著眼的地方。 本研究結合技術鑑價以及智慧資本觀點來衡量技術的真正價值。回顧前人在技術鑑價以及價值評估的各種方法，再試著引入智慧資本的衡量模式，予以修正以及改良，發展出另外一種新的技術鑑價模式。這種模式並非偏離先前學者與研究的腳步，而是試著引入更新以及更有效的管理工具得以不斷的補足先人的模型，所以本研究並非標新立異而是採用既有鑑價模型基礎，輔以新近管理評估概念與理論，發展出一種更加完備的模式來進行技術價值的評量。總之本論文之重點在於以下幾點： 一、回顧既往技術鑑價或評價之理論 二、引入智慧資本之概念作為補述以及分析之架構 三、分析現今動畫產業現況以及其特殊性 四、由具代表性之個案驗證智慧資本在企業的評量之意義

『專利資產評估』依其目的可分為兩個主要方向，一是作為企業策略管理工具，二則提供專利授權、技術交易以及公司購併等的價值參考。前者的評估結果是一組具有策略意涵的指標，幫助企業審視專利管理的有效程度，更進一步作為研發管理(R & D Management)與達成企業目標的策略工具(Strategic Tool)。後者的評估結果是專利資產的一個參考價值，作為買賣雙方交易或進行投資的依據。 本研究以智慧資本理論推導專利資產效度的測量方法，依照員工競爭力、內部結構、外部結構以及策略資本四個面向，分別得出量化的測量指標，並且以這些指標進一步探討其結果在管理上的意涵，形成策略管理工具。 專利資產的價值方面，本研究以無形資產的技術價值理論，探討專利估價的各種模型，其適用場合以及優缺點。本研究進一步探討以專利價值的概念與經驗法則的應用，發展專利價值量表作為初步估計專利價值的工具。這套方法可以作為專利資產效度評估的基礎，相對於各種專利計價模型而言，具有低成本的實用價值。 本研究以工研院為個案研究對象，探討實務上專利資產評估與管理問題，進一步修正由理論推導的專利資產效度評估指標以及專利價值量表方法，使其具備實用價值。以下為本研究之重要結論： 一、提出專利資產評估流程，建議分為『價值的分析』與『管理的分析』進行。 （一）發展專利價值評量表，做為價值分析的工具 （二）發展專利資產管理評估指標模型，作為管理分析的工具 二、提出專利資產評估方法論述 三、提出專利資產評估研究架構 / The assessment of patent asset has two dimensions according to its purposes. One is considered as a strategic management tool, which provides useful information to the enterprise. On the other hand, the assessment of patent asset often provides a referenced value used for licensing, technology transaction, or merge and acquisitions. One of the most important parts of researches performed in this thesis were conducted from the intellectual asset theories, which gathering quantified information from Employee Competence, Internal Structure, External Structure, and Strategic Alliance. These quantified measuring indexes reflect the efficiency and effectiveness of the improvement of the considered patent asset. The information delivered recommends to the management strategy. In order to verify the value of the patent asset, discussions about several kinds of valuation theories concentrated to intangible asset have been carried out. As a result, the valuation method for the patent asset has been revealed. The use of simplified questionnaire method as a tool for the patent asset valuation is suggested here. The questionnaire method used as a valuation tool is comparatively low cost compared to all kinds of valuation methods so that it can be used practically in patent asset valuation. A case study of the ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute of Taiwan) has been conducted as a result. The assessment model of patent asset suggested in this study has been verified and modified from the ITRI case study. The major contributions and conclusions of this study are summarized below. 1. Suggestions of the process for assessment of patent asset: The major process is recommended to “The Analysis of Value” and “The Analysis of Management”. 2. Development of “Patent Valuation Questionnaire” method: as a tool for the analysis of value. 3. Development of “Evaluation Index Model” method: as a tool for analysis of management. 4. Discussions of methodology for valuation of the patent asset. 5. Discussions of the research frame for the assessment of patent asset.

本研究主要探討企業處於不同的生命週期階段時，資本市場對於各期的無形資產投入會有不同的評價。本文用Anthony and Ramesh(1992)的方法，選定股利、銷貨成長、資本支出、公司成立年數、研發支出作為生命週期的判斷因子。以薛健宏(2005)修改吳安妮(2004)、Kaplan and Norton(2004)的架構，將平衡計分卡三個非財務構面對應各項無形資產，以人力資本、創新資本、流程資本、顧客資本各項投入作為無形資產投入研究項目，並以Ohlson(1995)的會計評價模式，觀察無形資產投入、人力資本、創新資本、流程資本、顧客資本對於公司評價是否具備攸關性。 實證結果發現，企業於生命週期初期對於各項無形資產的投入，對於資本市場而言都是具備價之攸關性的資訊。無形資產投入在成長與成熟期相比較時，並沒有顯著的差異，而企業於成長與成熟期投入無形資產相較於衰退期，資本市場皆有較高的評價。以創新資本而言，企業於成長期投入創新資本，資本市場的評價大於成熟期與衰退期，而成熟期評價也大於衰退期。以人力資本而言，企業於成長與成熟期投入人力資本，資本市場對於此項資訊的評價並沒有顯著差異，而成長期與成熟期相較於衰退期，皆有較高的評價。以流程資本而言，企業於成長期與成熟期間投入流程資本，資本市場並沒有顯著差異，而成長期與成熟期相較於衰退期，皆有較高的評價。以顧客資本而言，企業於成長期投入顧客資本與成熟期投入相比較，資本市場的評價並沒有顯著差異。而成長與成熟期投入顧客資本相較於衰退期，資本市場的評價皆較高。整體而言，企業於生命週期初期投入無形資產，資本市場皆給予較高的評價，而於企業生命週期晚期，無形資產投入的增加，資本市場並未給予較高的評價 / The purpose of this study is to explore whether the market values intangible asset investment of firm differently at different stage of life cycle. The stage of life cycle in which a firm belongs in determined by using Anthony and Ramesh(1992) model and is classified into growth, maturity and declining stage. This study uses Annie Wu(2004), Kaplan and Norton (2004) framework as amended by 薛健宏(2005) to partition the intangible asset into human capital, innovation capital, process capital and customer capital. Ohlson’s(1995) model is used to examine the relationship between the market valuation and each of the investment of total intangible asset, human capital, innovation capital, process capital and customer capital . The empirical results are as follow: 1. The information of total intangible asset investment at the growth stage is value relevant for capital market. 2. There is no difference between the market valuation of total intangible asset investment of growth stage and maturity stage. However, the market valuation is significant by different between the growth and maturity stage on the one side, and the declining stage on the other side. 3. The market valuation for the innovation capital investment at the growth stage is significant by higher than at the maturity and declining stage. The market valuation for the same investment at maturity stage is also higher than of the declining stage. 4. The market valuation for the human capital investment at the growth stage is the same as at the maturity stage. However, the market valuation for the human capital investment both at the growth stage and maturity stage are higher than at the declining stage.. 5. There is no difference between the market valuation of process capital investment at the growth stage and maturity stage. However, both the valuation at growth stage and maturity stage are higher than at the declining stage. 6. The market valuation to the customer capital investment at various stage is the same as for the process capital investment. An overall conclusion can be reached that market valuation for the investment in intangible asset at growth stage of business life cycle is higher than for the same investment at declining stage.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-07-03T15:47:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bianca Bigolin Liszbinski.pdf: 876347 bytes, checksum: 5836d89e066298ce1384dcc337996725 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-03T15:47:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bianca Bigolin Liszbinski.pdf: 876347 bytes, checksum: 5836d89e066298ce1384dcc337996725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-30 / Nenhuma / Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as implicações provocadas pela adoção da normativa International Accounting Standard (IAS) 38 no reconhecimento contábil de ativos intangíveis em um grupo de empresas brasileiras, à luz da teoria institucional. Trata-se de estudo descritivo de evidências qualitativas e quantitativas que envolveu basicamente a consulta em demonstrações contábeis de uma amostra de cinquenta empresas classificadas no Índice Bovespa da BM&FBOVESPA. Optou-se em delimitar o estudo entre os anos de 2006 à 2012, visto que este espaço temporal compreende exercícios caracterizados pela antecedência à adoção da norma internacional de contabilidade relativa a intangíveis e exercícios com a institucionalização dessa nova normativa. A análise dos dados consistiu em duas fases principais. Primeiramente, verificaram-se os procedimentos adotados pelas empresas para o reconhecimento dos ativos intangíveis e a sua adequação aos padrões contábeis compulsórios que tangenciam este processo. Posteriormente, fez-se a identificação das classes de intangíveis reconhecidas no período e a sua respectiva valorização. Em geral, as evidências observadas demonstram que a implementação da nova matriz institucional sobre os intangíveis repercutiu nas práticas adotadas pelas empresas. O nível de conformidade aos padrões estabelecidos para o reconhecimento contábil dos ativos intangíveis passou de 32% no ano de 2006 para 84% no ano de 2012, demonstrando uma evolução na harmonização das práticas adotadas pelas empresas. Adicionalmente, embora não constatado aumento dos tipos de categorias reconhecidas após a institucionalização da nova normativa, identificou-se um significativo incremento na representatividade dos ativos intangíveis frente ao ativo total da amostra. Os valores médios contabilizados como intangíveis aumentaram 82% comparandose o período anterior e posterior à adoção desta norma. / This study aimed to analyze the implications caused by the adoption of the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 38 normative in accounting recognition of intangible assets in a group of Brazilian companies, guided by the institutional theory. It is a descriptive study of qualitative and quantitative evidences which involved basically the consult enquiry of financial statements of a fifty-company sample classified in the BM&FBOVESPA Bovespa Index. It was chosen to restrict the study from 2006 to 2012, since this period of time embraces exercises characterized by the adoption in advance of the international accounting related to intangibles and exercises with the institutionalization of this new normative. The data analysis consisted in two main phases. Primarily, the procedures adopted by the companies to the recognition of the intangible assets and its adaptation to the compulsory accounting standards which relates this process were verified. Subsequently, it was identified the classes of intangibles recognized in the period and its respective valuation. In general, the evidences observed show that the implementation of the new institutional matrix about the intangibles reflected on the practiced adopted by the companies. The level of compliance passed from 32% in 2006 to 84% in 2012, showing an evolution on the harmonization of the practices adopted by the companies. Furthermore, although a raise of kinds of categories recognized after the institutionalization of the new normative was not determined, a significant increase on the representativeness of the intangible assets facing the total asset of the sample was identified. The mean values counted as intangibles increased 82% comparing to the previous and subsequent periods to the adoption of this norm.

La presente investigación tiene como finalidad evaluar el impacto financiero y tributario de los desembolsos por contenido propio y derechos de transmisión en base a la NIC 38 “Activos Intangibles”. Los canales de televisión son la principal fuente de información, según CONCORTV en el 2017 los ciudadanos indican que uno de los medios de comunicación que tiene mayor presencia a nivel local y regional es la televisión, aunque existe una cierta insatisfacción por parte del ciudadano con respecto a la programación, ya que no es cultural ni educativa. Nos interesa investigar sobre los desembolsos por contenido propio y derechos de transmisión desde la perspectiva de los activos intangibles a nivel contable, al ser un caso particular en un sector poco investigado. La metodología utilizada es el diseño no experimental, el alcance es investigación exploratoria, ya que es un plan de investigación contable aplicado en Perú, el tamaño de la muestra son los canales de televisión que tienen una mayor participación de mercado, el cual concentra el 84 % en el sector de telecomunicaciones. La presente tesis se desarrollará en cinco capítulos. En el primer capítulo, se describirá investigaciones locales e internacionales. En el segundo capítulo, se plantean los problemas, las hipótesis a validar y los objetivos propuestos. En el tercer capítulo, se procederá a describir la metodología a utilizar es enfoque mixto. En el cuarto capítulo, se presentan los resultados del análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo y se plasma en un caso práctico con el que se pretende identificar la capitalización los desembolsos por contenido propio y derechos de transmisión, identificar la variable independiente las cuales puedan generar expectativa de cuan material representa dentro de los estados financieros. En el quinto capítulo se analizan conclusiones y recomendaciones. / The purpose of this research is to evaluate the financial and tax impact of disbursements for own content and transmission rights based on IAS 38 "Intangible Assets". Television channels are the main source of information, according to CONCORTV in 2017, citizens indicate that one of the media that has a greater presence at the local and regional level is television, although there is a certain dissatisfaction on the part of the citizen with respect to programming, since it is not cultural or educational. We are interested in investigating the own contents and transmission rights from the perspective of the intangible at the accounting level to be a particular case in a sector little investigated. The methodology used is the non-experimental design, the scope is exploratory research, since it is an accounting research plan applied in Peru, and the size of the sample is the television channels that have a greater market share, which concentrates 84 % in the telecommunications sector. This thesis will be developed in five chapters. In the first chapter, local and international investigations will be described. In the second chapter, the problems are posed, the hypotheses to be validated and the proposed objectives. In the third chapter, we will proceed to describe the methodology to be used is a mixed approach. In the fourth chapter, the results of the qualitative and quantitative analysis are presented and it is embodied in a practical case with which it is intended to identify capitalization disbursements by own content and transmission rights, identify the independent variables which can generate expectation of materials represent in the financial statements. In the fifth chapter conclusions and recommendations are analyzed. / Tesis

Empirischen Studien zufolge können Patente sich positiv auf den Unternehmenserfolg auswirken. Allerdings wirkt dieser Effekt nicht automatisch, sondern Unternehmen müssen sich um den Aufbau und die gesteuerte Weiterentwicklung eines nachhaltigen und wertvollen Patentportfolios bemühen. Bisher ist jedoch nicht wissenschaftlich untersucht worden, welche Maßnahmen Unternehmen ergreifen können, um die unternehmensinternen Vorraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Steuerung von Patentaktivitäten zu schaffen. Um diese betrieblichen Faktoren zu identifizieren und deren Relevanz zu quantifizieren, wurden 2005 in einer breiten empirischen Untersuchung die aktiven Patentanmelder im deutschsprachigen Raum (über 1.000 Unternehmen) mit Hilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens befragt. Auf der Basis von 325 auswertbaren Fragebögen (Ausschöpfungsquote 36,8 %) konnten zum einen Ergebnisse zum aktuellen Aufgabenspektrum der Patentabteilungen sowie zu deren organisatorischen und personellen Strukturen gewonnen werden. Ebenfalls wurde in dieser Status quo-Analyse der Bekanntheits- und Implementierungsgrad von Methoden und Systemen (z. B. Patentbewertungsmethoden, Patent-IT-Systeme) beleuchtet. Zum anderen wurden die betrieblichen Faktoren herausgestellt, auf die technologieorientierte Unternehmen achten sollten, um das Fundament für eine erfolgreiche Patentsteuerung zu legen. / Empirical studies have shown that patents can have a positive effect on corporate success. However, this effect does not occur by itself. Companies have to make an effort to create and to develop a sustainable patent portfolio. So far, no academic studies have investigated into which actions a company can take to establish the internal conditions for successful patent management. To identify and to quantify the relevance of these internal factors, a study was conducted using a standardized written questionnaire with more than 1,000 patent-oriented companies in the German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein). In total, 325 valid questionnaires were included in the analyses; this corresponds to an above-average response rate of 36.8 %. These analyses revealed insights into the current task profile of patent departments and their organizational and personnel structures. This status quo analysis also included the investigation into the awareness and implementation level of used methods and systems (e. g. patent evaluation methods, patent IT systems). Furthermore, the study could expose the internal determinants, which technology-oriented companies should focus on to ensure a successful patent management.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O mercado futebolÃstico assumiu grandes proporÃÃes ao longo do tempo e garantiu seu espaÃo no mercado mundial, tornando-se um negÃcio tÃo rentÃvel como outros investimentos como o mercado imobiliÃrio, com princÃpios da maximizaÃÃo do lucro e com a adoÃÃo de tÃcnicas estratÃgicas e financeiras para a gestÃo administrativa. De acordo com a VisÃo Baseada em Recursos da Firma (RBV), dentre os recursos capazes de favorecer o desempenho empresarial, sobressaem-se os ativos intangÃveis â categoria em que se enquadra a parte mais representativa dos ativos dos clubes de futebol, segundo indicaÃÃes da literatura. Apesar da obrigatoriedade de registro contÃbil em diversos paÃses, estudos nacionais e internacionais apontam que a evidenciaÃÃo do ativo intangÃvel nas demonstraÃÃes financeiras das entidades em geral, e principalmente nas entidades desportivas, tem sido superficial, nÃo compreendendo todos os itens exigidos pelas normas contÃbeis, implicando uma baixa qualidade informacional das entidades nos informes contÃbeis deste tipo de ativo. Com base nos argumentos oferecidos na literatura sobre a evidenciaÃÃo contÃbil incipiente dos ativos intangÃveis pelas entidades desportivas, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral investigar padrÃes de associaÃÃo entre o ativo intangÃvel com evidenciaÃÃo contÃbil e o desempenho econÃmico dos clubes de futebol brasileiros e europeus listados no Club World Ranking. No que concerne aos procedimentos metodolÃgicos, esta pesquisa classifica-se como: exploratÃrio-descritiva, quanto aos objetivos; documental e bibliogrÃfica, quanto Ãs tÃcnicas; e, predominantemente, quantitativa, quanto à abordagem do problema. A amostra do estudo reÃne os clubes de futebol listados no Club World Ranking 2012, naturais de paÃses que adotam Ãs IFRS, a partir do critÃrio de publicaÃÃo das demonstraÃÃes financeiras de 2011. Para a mensuraÃÃo especÃfica dos ativos intangÃveis com evidenciaÃÃo contÃbil foram utilizadas como variÃveis o Retorno do Ativo IntangÃvel (AIG) e a Representatividade do Ativo IntangÃvel (RAI); do desempenho econÃmico, o Return on Assets (ROA) e Return on Equity (ROE); e do desempenho desportivo, a classificaÃÃo amostral de acordo com a posiÃÃo no ranking. Os resultados da anÃlise quantitativa demonstram que: (i) os clubes se agruparam em seis clusters, sendo trÃs variÃveis mais decisivas, apresentadas em ordem de potÃncia discriminante AIG, Des. Desportivo e ROE; (ii) hà diferenÃas quanto ao perfil de ativos intangÃveis com evidenciaÃÃo contÃbil dos clubes europeus e brasileiros, principalmente quanto ao RAI; (iii) nÃo hà diferenÃas quanto ao perfil de desempenho econÃmico, tanto para ROE quanto para ROA de forma geral, bem como entre os clubes europeus e brasileiros; (iv) nÃo hà padrÃes de correlaÃÃo entre o desempenho desportivo e o perfil de ativos intangÃveis com evidenciaÃÃo contÃbil de forma geral, bem como entre os clubes europeus e brasileiros. De forma mais pontual, nÃo hà correlaÃÃes entre o perfil dos ativos intangÃveis com evidenciaÃÃo contÃbil (AIG e RAI) dos clubes e os respectivos desempenhos econÃmicos (ROE e ROA), apesar de que ter sido identificada correlaÃÃo negativa entre AIG e ROE inesperada, o que suscita novas pesquisas. Do exposto, de acordo com os resultados da anÃlise dos dados dos clubes brasileiros e europeus, conclui-se que nÃo hà associaÃÃo entre o ativo intangÃvel com evidenciaÃÃo contÃbil e o desempenho econÃmico dos clubes de forma geral, bem como entre os clubes europeus e brasileiros; o perfil do ativo intangÃvel com evidenciaÃÃo contÃbil dos clubes brasileiros à diferente dos europeus; e, o desempenho econÃmico dos clubes de futebol brasileiros à semelhante ao dos europeus. / The football market has assumed great proportions over time and secured their place in the world market, making it a business as profitable as other investments as the housing market, with the principles of profit maximization and the adoption of strategic technical and financial arrangements for administrative management. According to the Resource Based View of the Firm (RBV), of resources that can facilitate business performance, stand out intangible assets - category that fits the most representative of the assets of football clubs, according to the indications literature.Despite the mandatory accounting records in many countries, national and international studies show that the disclosure of intangible assets in the financial statements of entities in general, and especially in sports entities, has been superficial, not including all items required by accounting standards, implying a low quality informational entities in the accounting reports of this type of asset. Based on the arguments offered in the literature on fledgling accounting disclosure of intangible assets for the sports entities, the present study aimed to investigate patterns of association between intangible assets with accounting disclosure and economic performance of brazilian and european soccer clubs listed on the Club World Ranking. Regarding the methodological procedures, this research is classified as exploratory-descriptive as to the objectives; documental and bibliographical, as to the techniques; and predominantly quantitative, on the approach of the problem. The sample meets football clubs listed in the Club World Ranking 2012, of natural countries that adopt IFRS, based on the criteria of publication of the financial statements 2011. About the principal proxies, the variables were used: as intangible assets with accounting disclosure, Return of Intangible Assets (AIG) and the Representation of Intangible Assets (RAI); as economic performance, Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE); and as sports performance, the classification sample according to the Ranking. The results of the quantitative analysis, show that: (i) the clubs were grouped into six clusters, and three most important factors are presented in order of discriminant power AIG, Des. Sports and ROE (ii) there are differences in the profile of intangible assets with accounting disclosure between european and brazilian clubs, particularly for the RAI (iii) there are no differences in the profile of economic performance for both ROE so as ROA to general, as well as between european and brazilian clubs, (iv) there is no correlation patterns between sports performance and profile of intangible assets with accounting disclosure in general, as well as between european and brazilian clubs. More timely, there is no correlation between the profile of intangible assets with accounting disclosure (AIG and RAI) of the clubs and their economic performance (ROE and ROA), although it has been identified negative correlation between AIG and ROE unexpected, the which raises new researches. From the above, according to the results of the data analysis of brazilian and european clubs, it is concluded that: there is no association between intangible assets with accounting disclosure and economic performance of the clubs in general, as well as between European and brazilian clubs, the profile of intangible assets with accounting disclosure brazilian clubs is different from the european, and the economic performance of the brazilian football clubs is similar to that of europeans.

隨著科技的進步、無形資產佔公司企業比重日益漸增，逐漸取代傳統有形資產主導地位，並成為企業最具競爭力及影響力的資產。從總體角度來看，越來越多的國家將無形資產視為衡量國際競爭力的重要指標，但由於無形資產的特殊性，從開發到經營保護皆須有技術與財務審查且離不開大量的資金投入，但在傳統融資方式加上無形資產交易成本高、價值不易評估等特性下，較不易通過銀行業融資渠道獲取足夠資金。因此本研究探討無形資產在具備哪些條件下，有可能借鏡有形資產典當之模式獲取資金，並解決中小企業以及新興產業的融資問題。 本研究藉由對當鋪、上海擔保公司、上海個案企業這三方面的訪談與分析，一方面使本研究在無形資產質押典當模式上更加透析，另一方面也提供給相關研究領域文獻資料，同時也了解大陸在無形資產融資質押過程中會考慮哪些因素，又如何採取適當的管道方式妥善解決。 / With the progress of science and technology, intangible assets have been playing a more important role in business sector, competing the significance with tangible assets and becoming one of the most powerful assets of companies. From a macro perspective, more and more countries have referred intangible assets to an index of evaluating global competitiveness. However, it takes huge investment from developing to managing intangible assets. Since their high transaction costs as well as difficulties of evaluation, it is not easy to get enough capital through current banking system. Therefore, this thesis is discussing about under what conditions companies could finance for intangible assets via similar pathways as pawning tangible assets. The study has conducted interviews and analysis of pawnshops, two case companies and one guarantee company in Shanghai. On one hand, this study gives a clearer picture on the model of intangible asset pledge; on the other hand, it provides a better understanding about the required factors, process, and solutions of intangible asset pledge in China for further related studying.

The main objective of this thesis is the valuation of distribution rights of the company TROJA MOTO s.r.o.. Derivative goal is the specification of an intangible asset (distribution rights), including a comparison of benefits and costs that result from the usage of this right for the company. For the valuation of distribution rights, I apply the valuation method of multi-period excess-earnings, which is suitable for the valuation of specific intangibles. The main part are the strategic and financial analysis, which are important basis for the financial plan. The final chapter includes the calculated value of distribution rights themselves.

The dimploma thesis deals with the determination of the market value of equity Shean, Ltd., which is focused on creation of e-shop and websites projects. The thesis consists of 5 parts: Strategic Analysis, Financial Analysis, Valuation of Software OmnixCMS, Analysis of value generators and Valuation. The paper used valuation methods EVA Entity and market comparison method. The work also includes valuation of an intangible asset for valuation purposes by EVA Entity.