本研究以實質選擇權的觀點出發，針對高科技產業中各家競爭廠商投入R&D費用所研發出的創新技術與所對應的專利權進行評價。由於企業在競爭的環境中可藉由R&D過程獲取生產新商品所需的關鍵技術，進而申請專利權以保護公司的研發成果，提昇經營與獲利能力。然而，在技術上的小幅領先並不足以擺脫競爭對手的威脅而獲取絕大部分的市場商機，唯有競爭環境中的領導廠商成功地在技術上明顯的領先其競爭對手，方能取得該產品利基市場的獨占地位，獲取市場的絕大部分的潛在商機。針對高科技產業中不斷研發出來的創新技術所帶來的價值，本研究將以實質選擇權的觀點出發，評價此類創新技術所帶來的專利權之價值與此類研發投資所帶來的企業價值增值。 論文中將針對高資本支出、研發時間具有高度不確定性以及未來產品價格波動性高的高科技產業作為研究目標。定義在市場競爭下的個別公司必須藉由領先競爭環境內的所有對手多達兩代的創新技術方能取得市場的獨占地位。如此一來，企業一開始面對一個潛在的市場需求時，由於投入的研發費用將會影響企業的研發速度、市場獨占地位取得的可能性以及此投資案所能帶來的預期報酬，因此企業應針對此投資計畫決定投入多少研發預算，才能達到最大的預期報酬。

公司技術鑑價現今仍是有許多爭議，很多專家學者借用財務或者是會計的理論工具來作為技術鑑價的應用。但技術本是不是一個靜態的存在，持不同觀點的學者則認為技術是一個動態且不停的在變化的過程。技術本身所內涵的知識與智慧成分很高，這又更加強了它的易變性；在訪談的過程當中，國內鑑價的業界人士們普遍認為技術在不同的運用方式與經手的技術和經營團對手中，其產生的價值是有明顯的不同；此外一般人會認為評估技術大都用橫斷面的角度來看待技術的價值，不過現在有越來越多的學者會把市場面的管理因素置入技術價值的評估。也有專家或者是學者往上端去探究，認為技術預測以及整個綜觀面的技術生命週期都是技術價值產生中，不可或缺的影響因素。 本研究想著重的就是以智慧資本的概念來衡量技術真實的價值，承續著Skandia的五個焦點；Edvinsson與Malone有強調其中在『流程焦點』的精神就是「在處理技術工具在支援整體企業價值創造時，所扮演的角色」。由此一個更細部以及深入的探究，即本研究想要著眼的地方。 本研究結合技術鑑價以及智慧資本觀點來衡量技術的真正價值。回顧前人在技術鑑價以及價值評估的各種方法，再試著引入智慧資本的衡量模式，予以修正以及改良，發展出另外一種新的技術鑑價模式。這種模式並非偏離先前學者與研究的腳步，而是試著引入更新以及更有效的管理工具得以不斷的補足先人的模型，所以本研究並非標新立異而是採用既有鑑價模型基礎，輔以新近管理評估概念與理論，發展出一種更加完備的模式來進行技術價值的評量。總之本論文之重點在於以下幾點： 一、回顧既往技術鑑價或評價之理論 二、引入智慧資本之概念作為補述以及分析之架構 三、分析現今動畫產業現況以及其特殊性 四、由具代表性之個案驗證智慧資本在企業的評量之意義

專利權融資、專利權入股及專利訴訟皆為現今相當重要的專利運用方式。專利權價值辨識為企業多項活動進行之基礎，舉凡如專利權融資承貸額、專利權入股金額及專利訴訟等，皆須先對專利權價值做認定，才有下一步行動之可能。 專利權在不同的運用方式下應有不同的價值，然而現今鑑價方法中並未探討不同運用情境下專利之價值，將專利權價值視為單一，以致於在實際運用上遭到限制。本研究的目的為探討前述三種運用情境下，影響專利權價值的因子。 本研究將分析專利鑑價利害關係人在評估專利權價值時的認知重點，以探討專利運用情境是否會影響專利權價值因子之項目及其優先順序?特別是在專利權融資及專利權入股的情境下，主理人(銀行、創投業者等)與代理人(鑑價機構)不同立場的角色差別對專利權價值衡量觀點會有何不同? 因此，本研究擬就下列問題進行討論： 問題一：現行鑑價相關理論衡量專利權價值之原理及限制為何? 問題二：在專利權融資、入股及訴訟的情境下，有哪些較重要因子影響其專利價值實現? 問題三：當專利運用情境不同時，其價值因子是否有所不同? 問題四：承三，若有影響，其重要性程度優先順序有何不同? 問題五：現今鑑價機構在融資、入股情境下，在專利權價值衡量看法上與主理人有何差異? 並提出建議為何? 最後，本研究得到下列結論： 1、 現有之相關鑑價方法未能真確評鑑出專利權價值之主要原因，部分係未考量專利權之運用情境，而傾向於給予專利權單一價值所致。專利權之價值衡量重點應與運用情境有相當大的關係，三種情境下變數及參數估計應有不同的觀點。進行專利權鑑價時，如果能加以了解個別運作情境下專利價值之衡量重點，搭配現今既有之鑑價理論，較能反應出不同運用情境下專利權之價值，讓專利鑑價發揮實益。 2、 在專利權與商品間的關係複雜，層次甚多，吾人整理融資、入股及訴訟的過程中的主要影響因子，共有18項重要因子影響其價值實現，可分為六大構面。(詳細因子，請見內文) 3、 在專利權融資、入股及訴訟情境下，其必要考量之價值因子不同，且其重要性程度優先順序亦不同。 (1) 專利權融資之必要考量因子依序為：「事業化潛力、收益及風險」、「產權狀態」、「法律地位穩固程度」、「該技術對該產品的關鍵程度」、「技術實力及未來經濟年限長短」、「在企業中之定位」及「技術的完成度」。主要係基於授信5P中之客戶還款能力、擔保品處分及還款意願的考量。 (2) 專利權入股之必要考量因子依序為：「事業化潛力、收益及風險」、「該技術對該產品的關鍵程度」、「法律地位穩固程度」及「技術實力及未來經濟年限長短」。較著重於技術及商品化收益。 (3) 提起專利權訴訟之必要考量因子依序為：「Claims是否能排除競爭者」、「該技術對該產品的關鍵程度」。較著重於法律上勝訴的難易度及該專利權對商品的關鍵性。 (4) 「技術對該產品的關鍵程度」為各情境下之共通因子 。 4、 在融資、入股情下，鑑價機構對專利價值因子之認知與主理機構(銀行、創投業者等)不同。因此在鑑價之前應特別針對這些不同點加以溝通，較能幫助主理人與智財服務業間在價值認定上達成共識。 (1) 融資情境下「該專利權在融資企業中之定位」，主理人給予相當高的重視，認為企業越重視該專利權，越能提高其還款意願，然而鑑價機構對其評價較低。「Claims是否能排除競爭者」及「受侵權時，採取法律行為的難度」兩法律構面因子，主理人對其重視程度明顯較代理人為高，因為銀行所握有的擔保品係專利權之權利質權，若侵權者能輕易by pass，則對該專利權之價值將有大幅影響，此部分尚未明顯成為鑑價機構之考量。 (2) 入股情境下，「法律地位穩固程度」與「受侵權時，採取法律行為的難度」等法律構面的因子，鑑價機構對其關注程度明顯較主理人為低，而「產權狀態」因子亦為鑑價機構與主理人有明顯差異之因子。 / Patent-based financing, patent-based investing and patent litigation are the important applications of patents. Patent valuation is usually the first step of corporate activities, in order to proceed the activities like buying stocks by patents. The value of patents will be different under the diverse conditions of applications. However, the concept is neglected in the patent valuation process. It still emphasizes on single value pursuit. This results in the limited effects in the end. This research focuses on the effects of different patent application types, by analyzing the points of view of related parties when valuing patents. Therefore, the objects of the research were to answer the questions as the follows: 1、 What are the theorem and limitation of existing patent valuation？ 2、 Will different applications affect value factors? 3、 What are the different key factors of value under patent-based financing, patent-based investing and patent litigation？ 4、 Following the question 3, what is the difference of key factors’ importance? 5、 What is the difference of views between principal and valuation agents under patent-based financing and patent-based investing? At last, the research concluded that: 1、 Patent application types do really affect patent value. There should be different parameters and variables under the three application types. 2、 There are 18 key factors, constructed to 6 angles, affecting patent valuation. The 18 key factors are listed in the text. 3、 Patent application types do affect value factors, in constitute of essential factors and the priority of these essential factors. The differences are listed in the text. 4、 The different standpoints do affect the results of patent valuation. There are differences of views between principal and valuation agents under patent-based financing and patent-based investing. The differences are listed in the text.

『專利資產評估』依其目的可分為兩個主要方向，一是作為企業策略管理工具，二則提供專利授權、技術交易以及公司購併等的價值參考。前者的評估結果是一組具有策略意涵的指標，幫助企業審視專利管理的有效程度，更進一步作為研發管理(R & D Management)與達成企業目標的策略工具(Strategic Tool)。後者的評估結果是專利資產的一個參考價值，作為買賣雙方交易或進行投資的依據。 本研究以智慧資本理論推導專利資產效度的測量方法，依照員工競爭力、內部結構、外部結構以及策略資本四個面向，分別得出量化的測量指標，並且以這些指標進一步探討其結果在管理上的意涵，形成策略管理工具。 專利資產的價值方面，本研究以無形資產的技術價值理論，探討專利估價的各種模型，其適用場合以及優缺點。本研究進一步探討以專利價值的概念與經驗法則的應用，發展專利價值量表作為初步估計專利價值的工具。這套方法可以作為專利資產效度評估的基礎，相對於各種專利計價模型而言，具有低成本的實用價值。 本研究以工研院為個案研究對象，探討實務上專利資產評估與管理問題，進一步修正由理論推導的專利資產效度評估指標以及專利價值量表方法，使其具備實用價值。以下為本研究之重要結論： 一、提出專利資產評估流程，建議分為『價值的分析』與『管理的分析』進行。 （一）發展專利價值評量表，做為價值分析的工具 （二）發展專利資產管理評估指標模型，作為管理分析的工具 二、提出專利資產評估方法論述 三、提出專利資產評估研究架構 / The assessment of patent asset has two dimensions according to its purposes. One is considered as a strategic management tool, which provides useful information to the enterprise. On the other hand, the assessment of patent asset often provides a referenced value used for licensing, technology transaction, or merge and acquisitions. One of the most important parts of researches performed in this thesis were conducted from the intellectual asset theories, which gathering quantified information from Employee Competence, Internal Structure, External Structure, and Strategic Alliance. These quantified measuring indexes reflect the efficiency and effectiveness of the improvement of the considered patent asset. The information delivered recommends to the management strategy. In order to verify the value of the patent asset, discussions about several kinds of valuation theories concentrated to intangible asset have been carried out. As a result, the valuation method for the patent asset has been revealed. The use of simplified questionnaire method as a tool for the patent asset valuation is suggested here. The questionnaire method used as a valuation tool is comparatively low cost compared to all kinds of valuation methods so that it can be used practically in patent asset valuation. A case study of the ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute of Taiwan) has been conducted as a result. The assessment model of patent asset suggested in this study has been verified and modified from the ITRI case study. The major contributions and conclusions of this study are summarized below. 1. Suggestions of the process for assessment of patent asset: The major process is recommended to “The Analysis of Value” and “The Analysis of Management”. 2. Development of “Patent Valuation Questionnaire” method: as a tool for the analysis of value. 3. Development of “Evaluation Index Model” method: as a tool for analysis of management. 4. Discussions of methodology for valuation of the patent asset. 5. Discussions of the research frame for the assessment of patent asset.

商業競爭日益激烈，企業間不再只是以房地產、機器、廠房設備等有形資產以及股票、定存等金融資產作為衡量企業價值的基礎；品牌、商標、專利、關鍵技術等無形資產，已轉化成企業的核心資源，成為企業競爭的利器。學者Aaker更進一步認為，未來行銷的戰爭是一場品牌的戰爭。而品牌究竟值多少錢？Interbrand與Business Week自2001年開始，每年都發表全球品牌價值排行，都受到媒體以及企業的高度重視。在台灣，為了得知台灣品牌在世界舞台的相對重要性，經濟部外貿協會從2003年開始透過與國際最具公信力的品牌價值顧問公司Interbrand的合作，進行台灣品牌的評估與調查，並公佈台灣十大國際品牌品牌價值與排行。 但有鑑於外貿協會花大錢與Interbrand合作，買到了鑑價結果，卻買不到核心know-how，而在台灣品牌鑑價還是一個相當模糊的概念，不如外國研究普及，缺乏類似Interbrand如此專門且具公信力得品牌顧問公司，可定期為企業衡量其品牌價值，亦尚未有一套專門且合理的鑑價標準或方式可供參考，故建構國內的品牌鑑價制度，發展一套完整且合理的鑑價機制來評估企業、以至於文化創意產業的品牌價值，確保企業或團體的品牌價值不會任意被鑑價或錯估，在台灣是有需要及迫切的，乃引發本研究進行深入探討的動機。 歷來有許多學者將衡量品牌價值的方式分為許多不同的作法，雖然學者們嘗試以各種角度切入來衡量品牌價值，但是衡量方式不但眾多且繁雜，亦不夠具有全面性。因此，本研究歸納分析並整理各學者及各國品牌鑑價模式，設法建構發展一套結合財務、會計、行銷、管理等綜合觀點的系統化且適合台灣國情之品牌價值評價模式。本研究先從文獻調查及現今各種品牌鑑價方法中整理出重要的品牌強度評鑑指標，並採用層級分析法（The Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP），從行銷與品牌學者、專業經理人中，作專家調查，得出評鑑指標的權重值，發展成基礎品牌強度評鑑指標表。將此品牌強度評鑑指標做成品牌強度專家意見調查問卷，以便求出台灣知名品牌品牌強度換算出乘數，再依據品牌財務及行銷資料求出年度品牌貢獻度，與品牌強度乘數相乘後加上平均品牌授權金，再利用乘數權重估算所面臨的財務風險，以反映預估現金流量的風險程度進而取得折現率，最後利用現金流量折現法，計算累加未來十年內現金流量，而計算得出整體品牌價值。並將此品牌評價模式用以評價台灣十大品牌之品牌價值，再與Interbrand做出的結果做相似性比較，以驗證本研究品牌評價模式是否準確及合理可行。 本研究亦認為文化創意產業的品牌價值評價可能性與其他一般產業並無重大差異，故在本研究最後品牌評價實例執行中，舉一在台灣具有特別代表性的文化創意產業、表演藝術團體「雲門舞集」，做為本研究品牌評價模式實例說明，以驗證文化創意產業品牌價值評價的可能性，並提出文化創意產業品牌產業化建議。 / Brand valuation is still a very vague concept in Taiwan, and researches conducted are not as popular as other countries. So far, we are still lacking in professional and credible brand consulting companies such as Interbrand, which helps enterprises to conduct regular valuation of their brands, and we also lack in a professional and reasonable valuation standard or methods for reference. Therefore, it is very essential and urgent to establish a domestic brand valuation system, and to develop a complete and reasonable valuation mechanism for brand valuation of enterprises and even the entire cultural & creativity industry, which will ensure that the brand value of enterprises or groups will not be randomly or lowly valuated. This is what motivated this research, which is aimed at exploring this issue in depth. This research starts from formulating an important brand strength valuation index using literature survey and various present brand valuation methods. By applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the weight of valuation index is formed from professional surveys conducted among marketing and brand scholars and professional managers, thus a basic brand strength valuation index is developed. A brand strength expert opinion questionnaire is created from this brand strength valuation index to find out the strength of famous brands in Taiwan, and it is then converted into a multiplier, and with brand financial and marketing data, we have the annual brand contribution. The annual brand contribution is then multiplied by the brand strength multiplier, then added by the average brand licensing fee, and along with discount rate and discounted cash flow mode (DCF), we can work out the cash flow over the next ten years, the overall brand value. This brand valuation pattern is then used to valuate the brand value of Taiwan Top 10 Global Brands, and the results compared to Interbrand for similarities to verify the accuracy and practicability of the brand valuation pattern in this research. Key words：brand value, brand equity, brand valuation, cultural & creativity industry.

新藥開發是需要大量的資金投入，同時需要專業的技術實驗人才、以及具產業經驗的管理團隊，但是其所獲取的價值和領域也是相對較大的。生技製藥產業包括新藥、學名藥、中草藥、基因及蛋白質製劑、遠距醫療、預防醫學、醫療器材等。台灣在生技製藥已經投入許多資源，但是所獲得的成果並不如預期，主要原因除了缺乏像國際大廠的充足資金之外、且沒有完整的生技製藥產業鏈，更重要的是缺少了對生技製藥智慧財產管理的經驗、沒有國際行銷能力去取得市場。起因點則為台灣生技製藥公司仿照國際成功的生技製藥大廠模式，卻沒有自己的價值創造和創新模式，為了替台灣生技製藥廠商尋找新的利基和成功模式，本文分析了國內與國外的生技製藥公司，以尋找適合台灣的價值創造模式。 台灣生技製藥廠商主要缺乏的並非是技術，而是結合智慧財產的法律議題、並且發展出市場導向的生物技術研發模式。智慧財產相關議題在生技製藥產業更是最關鍵的因素，因為新藥研發動輒10年，而一般資金來源的銀行和創投都無法忍受所投資的公司必須要十年才可以獲利退出，因此透過不同臨床時期開發的新藥，其價值也會有顯著的不同，再透過技術移轉、授權和相關合約的簽訂，才能促使台灣中小型的生技製藥公司可以生存。本文要提出價值創造模型之前，必須要針對生技製藥產業的技術研發特性進行分析，接著必須透過智慧資本與財務會計的方式計算生技製藥產業無形資產的價值，最後透過個案中不同公司的營運策略，找出最適合現今生物製藥產業發展的模式。 生技產業需要相當多的資金去做新藥研發與市場行銷，這也是生技產業特殊的供應鏈上最重要的一環。因為，創投公司不只會投資金錢，它還會幫忙被投資公司尋找人才、市場、和策略發展。因此，本文第三個個案公司Burrill&Company為美國生技創投公司，最近幾年也可以看到它在大中華地區尋求投資機會。Apex International公司選對人才創造出優良品質的委託臨床試驗、和NexMed透過技術授權所產生平台技術，三家公司所創造的價值，去印證本文所提出的生技製藥產業價值創新模式的適用性。 論文研究結果顯示生技製藥產業最成功的關鍵因素至少有兩點，第一點就是核心能耐(Core Competence)的建立、第二點就是選擇對的人才。由本論文的價值創造模式中心出發，便是透過紮實的研究發展技能；建立優良的管理技巧以降低研發風險；透過創造新的技術和產品價值的核心能力建立，再選擇正確的人才組合，創造出外部的價值，最後達到整體價值創造的綜效。希望台灣不光只是擁有科技基本法與生技新藥產業發展條例等政策，而是可以透過本論文提出之價值創造模式，有效提升整體生技製藥產業的環境，以期產生更多成功的故事。 關鍵字：生技製藥、智慧財產、實體審查、無形資產鑑價、價值創造、技術移轉。 / Biopharmaceutical is driving force of the global healthcare economy transformation. In order for a biopharmaceutical company to gain value from a new drug during its clinical development, capital investment, professional talents, and management team with industrial experience are needed. Biopharmaceutical industry are included of new drugs, generic drugs, Chinese herbal medicine or traditional Chinese medicine, genetic and protein preparations, tele-medicine, preventive medicine, medical devices and so on. Taiwan has invested a lot of resources at biopharmaceutical fields but the results are not as expectation. The main reason is the lack of adequate funding from international big pharma, and the operation is no integrity of the value chain at biopharmaceutical industry. More importantly is the lack of management experience on Intellectual Property, and no marketing ability to access to the global technology supply and demand market. The key point is that they copy of the format of big pharma but lack the spirit of the creativity and innovation. I analyzed the three cases in the thesis and tried to find a niche and successful model for the value-adding on the Taiwan’s Biopharmaceutical industry. Taiwan does have the technology know-how, but most of the companies’ problems are the lack of market-oriented R&D model and the Intellectual Property issues. IP issues including management know-how related to biopharmaceutical industry are the most crucial factors. Most companies tends to spend ten years on developing a new drug. Most of the investment banking and venture capitals are hard to endure by the long-term exit mechanism. The value will be totally different if the investors can exit at various clinical stage of new drugs at various stages with the strategy of technology transfer and licensing agreement. Such business model can make Taiwan’s small and medium-sized biopharmaceutical companies easier to survive. To verify this value creation model, I analyzed the characteristics of the industrial research and development and calculate the value of intangible assets on the technology by the methodology of intellectual capital and financial accounting. Finally, I will identify the most suitable model by compared with the different business models in three representative cases. The biotech industry needs a lot of funding to do R&D and marketing of new drugs which is the most important on this special supply chain. Not only to invest money, venture capitalist should help the company to recruit the talent, target the market, plan and execute the strategy. Therefore, the third case is the U.S. venture capital firm called Burrill & Company. In recent years, it moved to the Great China region to seek the investment opportunities. Apex International recruit the right talents to the right position and create a great world class quality project on the clinical trial, and NexMed bring their value through the platform technology and technology licensing. All the cases are selected to examine the availability and suitability of the value creation model. At least two key successful factors for biopharmaceutical industry has been revealed by the research of the thesis study. The first one is the establishment of the core competence on the technology in their respective business, and the second one is the management know how in putting the right person on the correct position. Overall, the value creation model is build on a solid research and development skills, a great management know-how to reduce the risk, and the spirit of entrepreneurship to create the true innovative products or services. With all the core competences, we can integrate the team with multidisciplinary talents to expand the value with the outside resources, and give the synergy of the whole value-added model. Hope that with the recent enactment of the Basic Science and Technology law and New Pharmaceutical Development Act in Taiwan, more successful stories can be created by this value-added model discussed in this thesis.

本研究透過理論與實證調查，探討進行技術交易時影響價值評量的「關鍵指標」與技術價值的「評估模式」。此價值評估指標可以協助於技術評價時，建立客觀及公正的一致性標準，降低社會成本、提昇無形資產的價值及運用度。本研究所建立「市場基準的評價理論」，將技術價值評量模式分為三個價值構面：(1)商業價值，以市場機制為本評估新技術進入價值高低，由市場結構與規模、市場預期遠景與接受度、市場擴散能力與促銷三項結構指標組成。(2) 技術價值：由技術競爭與創新能力、技術支援能力與風險、技術應用程度及基礎科學能力等結構指標組成。(3)技術策略(智財權應用)價值：產權策略、產品信用及有利條款、交互授權條件等結構指標組成。 本研究結論「市場總價值的評估模式」，可以評估該項技術技術於全球市場的技術總價值，由技術價值f(T)、技術策略(智財權應用)價值f(IP)、商業價值f(B)所組成。最後，該項技術於全球市場之總價值，將依據技術價值、技術策略價值、商業價值分別與「技術、行銷經費貢獻率」及「市場總體或預測產能」相乘所得 【附件二】。 第壹章 緒論………………………………………………………… 2 第一節 研究背景…………………………………………………….. 2 第二節 研究動機……………………………………………………… 3 第三節 研究目的 ……………………………………………………... 4 第四節 研究案例 ..……………………………………………..……13 第五節 研究程序 ....……………………………………………..…... 13 第貳章 文獻回顧……………………………….……………………. 15 第一節 無形資產的技術價值………………………………………... 15 第二節 無形資產技術價值影響因素………………………………... 25 第三節 無形資產的定價策略及評估模式…………………………... 41 第四節 無形資產技術評價分析………………………………………61 第參章 研究方法與研究模型………….……………………………. 68 第一節 無形資產技術價值影響因素及研究構面……………………68 第二節 技術價值與評量模式…………………………………………80 壹、 成本基準法 ─ 技術價值分析理論…………………………80 貳、 市場基準法 ─ 技術價值評估模式…………………………92 第肆章 技術價值模型─影響因素及指標分析 ..…………………. 97 第一節 研究樣本蒐集 ………………..………………………………97 第二節 研究樣本信度檢定…………………………………………..100 第三節 構念效度檢測 ………………………………………………101 第四節 技術之市場總價值理論驗證 ………………………………113 第伍章 技術價值理論之案例分析………………………………..…119 第一節 全球趨勢分析 ………………..……………………………..119 第二節 市場價值定義 ………………………………………………130 第三節 技術價值分析 ………………………………………………138 一、 Intel 8086/8088技術分析 …………………………………..138 二、 Intel 80286 技術分析 ………………………………………178 三、 Intel 80386 技術分析 ………………………………………205 四、 Intel 80486 技術分析 ………………………………………237 五、 Intel Pentium技術分析………………………………………268 六、 Intel技術生命週期之總體價值評估………………………..303 第陸章 結論與建議 第一節 研究結論 ……………………………………………………310 第二節 研究理論之貢獻 ……………………………………………313 第三節 研究於管理上意涵 …………………………………………315 參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………316 附 錄 一……………………………………………………………329 國內外技術評價相關主題博碩士論文文獻表 附 錄 二……………………………………………………………330 市場基準法─技術評價模式(Market-Based Valuation Model) / Through theoretical and empirical studies, this research focuses primarily on the essential valuation indicator and valuation model of technology. The purpose is to eliminate the discrepancy distraction and obtain an most accurate and fair result. The market-based valuation model has based on three values: (1) Business Value─market structure & size, market drawing & acceptance, market expansion & promotion. (2) Technology Value─technology innovation & competition, technology assistance capability & risk, technology implementation & science base capability. (3) Technology Strategy Value─property rights & product creditability & favorable condition, crossing licensing condition. This research concludes that, in order to evaluate the value of technology, one needs to look into the essentiality of technology value f(T), technology strategy value f(IP), and business value f(B) of world-wide market. Finally, the total market value of technology is evaluated by the product of each technique value, technique strategy value, business value multiplied by “research and marketing of benefit contribution ratio” and “real or forecast market capacity” .

本研究主要是對上海的技術中介機構和資產評估事務所作初探性的研究，希望去實地瞭解目前中國大陸上海技術交易市場運作的狀況，及其技術鑑價相關機構。 　　在技術交易市場平台中有許多環節，本研究將著重於探討上海技術交易中介機構及其技術鑑價體系的運作情形，並瞭解其對於技術交易風險是否有機制去降低它；另一方面，也對其技術交易中的技術鑑價體系作深入的了解，包括其成立的背景、運作狀況及其使用之鑑價方法和程序為何。 　　訪談和資料收集後發現，中國大陸技術市場所扮演的角色主要為：溝通、評估、協調、組織。中國政府近年來大力推動技術交易、技術產權交易，配合各種優惠政策吸引技術、人才和資金，所以技術市場發展迅速蓬勃。評估的部分，技術鑑價為其資產評估的一部份，但是由於過去政治體制的影響，受限法令，流於形式，發展有限。主要技術成交價格由市場去決定。對於欲交易的技術的真實性與可靠性，有作初步的確認，但受限資源，並無法作深入的瞭解和把關，由欲購買技術者與技術賣方接觸詳談瞭解。 / In Mainland China, the government is promoting the “technology market” in order to push the technology into the market these years. The “technology market”, including STTE, Saviaq and technology transfer agent office, is a platform for technology transfer and exchange. This research surveys these intermediary organizations of technology transfer and exchange, and the technology evaluation organization in Shanghai. By visiting the STTE (Shanghai Technical Transfer Exchanger), Saviaq, Ke-Hua asset evaluation office and technology transfer agent office, this research wants to know how this platform work, and focuses on how they evaluate the technology and how these organizations work, the background of these organizations established and if the platform has the risk free prevent process in the dealing of technology transfer and exchange or not. 　　In Mainland China, the main function of “technology market” is offering an information platform of technology transfer and exchange. The Saviaq and STTE combine with many preferential treatment policies for pulling in the capital and the high educated people with the working experience in high technology industry. 　　The “technology market” in Mainland China is growing rapidly recently. This platform has four main functions: communication between the investors and the technology owner, evaluation of the technology, corresponding with the dealers, organizing and makes some activities to promote the technology transfer and exchange. 　　The technology evaluation is one part of capital evaluation. Because the political background of communism, the development of the capital evaluation industry is limited by the old government system and laws. The evaluation has no efficient for the dealer in the real market, it just a legal process of the technology transfer and exchange. The final price of the technology transfer and exchange is decided by the dealing. 　　About the evaluation and risk free prevent process of the technology transfer and exchange is not very sufficient. The “technology market” just does the simple identification of the reality of the technology because identifying the reality need profession and much manpower, but the resource is limited. The “technology market” is just a platform which offers the deal information to the members of their organization. The people can find the technology which they want to invest, and they can make detailed evaluation by themselves.

自英國於1997年首度提出創意產業，讓創意的附加價值藉由無形或文化性的特質融入到產品與服務創新中，文創產業已然是後知識經濟時代的指標；基於台灣文創環境的無形資產鑑價制度尚處於建構期，整體機制尚不成熟，因此相關企業在面對成長躍進中常因資金受限，也間接影響了整體產業發展，而此種現象尤以藝術經紀授權產業為甚。 「無形資產」是藝術經紀授權產業營運模式的核心。而國內對於如何將無形資產轉換為有形之概念性商品，而且又能使商品成本與企業價值被量化之議題的論述探究甚少，因此本研究將以藝術經紀授權產業為主體架構去進行鑑價模型之分析，冀望為文創產業注入更大的延展空間。 本研究整理現今無形資產、智慧資本、智慧財產之相關鑑價理論與方法流程，並就藝術經紀授權產業現況進行質化的分析，並冀望從理論出發含概實務觀點的去建構適合此產業的鑑價機制，並挑選P個案公司去驗證本研究所提出運作模型，以實現其價值轉化過程。 本研究結果可以幫助文創產業中之無形資產鑑價分析較為貼近產業之真實面貌，亦可讓文創產業經營者引為借鏡，以期盼提升台灣整體文創產業的競爭力。最重要的是藉由檢視相關產業的發展歷程，本文獻進而讓政府在制定相關產業政策時，更能以全方位的角度衡量產業政策，降低產業投入者資金進入門檻，讓更多的創投基金及金融機構投入，以促進產業發展與提升產業競爭力。 / Since the introduction of creative industry in Great Britain in 1997, which allowed the merge of value-added creativity into product and service innovations via intangible or cultural features, cultural creative industry has apparently become the index of the post-information economy. However, the intangible asset valuation system in the cultural creative industry in Taiwan is still under construction, yet immature, and the lack of capital inflow is usually the key restriction to the development and progress for many relevant enterprises, which in turn influenced the development of the entire industry; such phenomena is especially apparent in the industry of art 、agency、 licensing. “Intangible asset” lies at the core of the operation of art 、agency、and licensing industry. But there is not enough discourse analysis domestically on issues regarding how to turn intangible asset into conceptually tangible products or to further quantify the product cost and enterprise values, therefore, this study conducts analyses of valuation model based on the scaffolding of the art 、agency、 and licensing industry, hoping to introduce greater room for expansion in the cultural creative industry. The study has compiled valuation theories, methodologies and procedures regarding intangible asset, intellectual asset, and intellectual property, conducted qualitative analysis on the current status of art agency、 licensing with the expectation to develop a valuation mechanism suitable for this industry based on the theories and practical aspects, selecting company P as example to verify the operation model proposed in the study and to realize the process of value transformation. The study aims to help bring the valuation analysis of intangible asset in the cultural creative industry closer to the reality, and also serve as a reflection for operators of the cultural creative industry with the expectation of promoting the overall competitiveness of the cultural creative industry in Taiwan. Most importantly, by inspecting the process of development in related industries, this study may in turn provide an all-rounded evaluation for the government when drafting relevant policies of the industry to lower the investment threshold, allow the introduction of more venture capitals and financial institutions, and facilitate the development of the industry and improve competitiveness.

在現今知識經濟競爭時代中，新興科技企業不斷地衍生成立，每家企業的技術能量更加地深化與專業化，但企業的技術光譜卻相對變窄許多。因此，企業在面對日益劇烈的產業競爭以及急遽被壓縮的產品生命週期時，能否迅速且確實的取得新技術或是互補技術，以便順利進行「新產品開發」，進而及早推出產品與服務於市場上（time to market），將是決定企業生存的重要課題。 然而，技術供給來源散佈在世界各地的研究機構、大學、與企業之中，如何降低企業搜尋其所需技術的成本，提昇整個經濟體的技術媒合效率，也將是知識經濟時代決定經濟體競爭力的關鍵因素。 再者，知識經濟時代的產業結構大幅轉變：企業從原本重視土地、廠房、生產設備等固定資產價值，轉而追求以知識為基礎的「無形資產」（包含法律所保護的智慧財產權，以及其他如：品牌、商譽、供應鏈或客戶關係管理能力、行銷能力等）。但是，此種發展亦帶來新的挑戰，就是傳統的有形資產評價標準並無法適用於此種無形的智慧資產，如何對知識型產業所重視的「無形資產」進行客觀的評價，乃成為發展知識經濟的另一個關鍵因素。 本研究係以策略性思考（範疇、網路、資源）的角度切入，參照國外知名智慧財產技術服務業者的營運成功特性，並藉由廣泛的次級資料、文獻收集，與多重個案、深度訪談的方式，來審視我國智慧財產技術服務業（以鑑價與技術仲介業者為例）的營運現況，進而對業者提出在經營管理上可行之建議，同時也作為我國政府推動智慧財產技術服務業之政策發展上的參考依據。 本研究所得之研究發現如下：（節錄） 一， 我國無形資產鑑價產業的市場需求持續增加，連帶使得鑑價服務業者的投入意願與服務經驗、能力不斷的向上提升；反觀技術仲介產業因為市場需求還不明顯，因此降低了仲介服務業者的投入意願，技術仲介產業發展因而較為緩慢。 二， 我國智慧財產技術服務業者之策略聯盟情形十分普遍，對於技術事業化的相關活動，如：營運計畫撰寫、協助尋找技術、商品開發、市場分析、投資評估、尋找投資資金、行銷管道……等，皆能透過與策略伙伴的合作搭配，提供全面性的智慧財產技術服務。 三， 我國智慧財產技術服務業之從業人員，具有多重背景（科技、法律、管理）的人才仍然不足；此外，目前政府對於無形資產鑑價與仲介機構仍然無法令可管，對於從業人員的資格也不加限制，使得無形資產「鑑價」與「仲介」服務業者呈現參差不齊的現象，嚴重影響公信力。 四， 無形資產融資貸款的關鍵瓶頸在於：1.「無形資產擔保品後續處置問題（如何再出售？）」。 2.「鑑價機構之公信力（不知如何評鑑鑑價報告？）」 3.無形資產融資貸款者的還款計畫（貸款人需提出完整且可行的營運計畫書，清楚說明現金流量與發生時機）。 五， 我國智慧財產技術服務業之政府主管機關過於分散，加上各部會的溝通、協調缺乏效率，導致政策、法令決策緩慢，使業者無所適從。 由以上各點研究發現，本研究提出幾項建議，如下所示：（節錄） 一， 政府應多加鼓勵產業界運用智慧財產技術服務（尤其是技術仲介服務），進而創造與增進市場需求。 二， 智慧財產技術服務業者應加強與策略伙伴的連結。（尤其是創投，投資顧問公司）。 三， 智慧財產技術服務產業中，老字號的服務業者應考量：如何增加與客戶之間的「專屬陷入成本」，以確保客戶與之建立長期且緊密的合作關係。而新進入的服務業者，則應考量如何降低顧客的「外顯單位效益成本」、「資訊搜尋成本」與「道德危機成本」。 四， 政府應多方釋出委託專案計畫，以協助智慧財產技術服務業者成長。同時政府也應儘速訂定智慧財產技術服務相關的法令、補助措施，促進智慧財產技術服務業的發展。 五， 智慧財產技術服務業之相關政府負責單位過於龐雜，應由較高位階的部會，統籌設立單一窗口，以解決政府跨部門之間的溝通不良與無效率。 / As new technological companies sprang up in this knowledge economies era, technological capacity of a company is getting deeper and more professional. Technological scope, however, becomes narrower. Therefore, it is an important issue for companies to survive that if it can quickly and accurately acquire new or complementary technology to develop new products when face to rigorous competition and shortened product life cycle so that they can smoothly launch products and service time to market. Nevertheless, sources of technology supply spread in research institutions, universities, and companies. How to reduce costs in sourcing required technology and improve the efficiency of technology transaction is one of the key factors to decide the competitiveness of an economy. Moreover, industrial structure has been changed a lot in this knowledge management era: companies turn to seek intangible assets instead of fixed assets. The former includes law protected intellectual properties, brand, good will, supply chain, abilities of customer relationships, and marketing, which are based on knowledge. The later includes lands, plants, and equipments. However, this kind of development brings new challenges. Traditional valuation method of tangible assets can not be applied to intangible intellectual properties. How to objectively valuate intangible assets focused by knowledge based industries is another key factor to develop knowledge management. This study is based on strategic points of view (scope, network, and sources), refer to characters of operational success of famous international intellectual property and technology service industry. Rather, this study examine the intellectual property and technology service industry in Taiwan (the case study on the valuation and technology transfer sectors) by secondary information gathering, literature collection, and several case studies and deeply interviews. Further, I propose feasible recommendations on operation and management. Meanwhile, this study could be one of references when our government forms policies to improve intellectual property and technology service industry. The findings of this study are shown as follow: (extracted) 1. The demand of valuation of intangible assets in Taiwan is continuously increasing, resulting in the increase of input willingness, service experience, and abilities of valuation service industry. On the other hand, the demand of technology transfer is not obvious, which lower the input willingness. Therefore, the development of technology transfer industry is slower. 2. It is quite popular for Taiwanese intellectual property and technology service companies to have alliance with other companies. By the corporation with alliance companies, one company can provide total intellectual property and technology service, such as business plan writing, new technology searching assistance, product developing, market analysis, investment evaluation, fund raising, marketing channel, and so on. 3. There are insufficient professionals with muti-background, such as with technology, low, and management, in Taiwanese intellectual property and technology service industry. Rather, no regulation could be applied to Taiwanese intellectual property and technology service industry. There is no criterion to judge professionals’ qualification, which makes valuation and technology transfer sectors uneven, seriously affect power of fairness. 4. The bottlenecks of intangible asset financing are: (1) how to deal with intangible asset collaterals (how to resell them?) (2) fairness of the valuation institution (how to valuate a valuation report?) (3) repayment plan of intangible asset loans (borrowers have to propose a complete and feasible business plan, clearly describing the time and the amount of cash flows) 5. The regulators of Taiwanese intellectual property and technology service industry are too diversified. Moreover, because of the lack of communication and efficiency among regulators, policies are made in a delay mode. Companies do not exactly know what to follow. Based on the findings above, I propose some recommendations as follow: (extracted) 1. The government should encourage industry to use intellectual property and technology service, especially technology transfer service. It could then create and increase market demand. 2. Companies in the intellectual property and technology service industry should improve connection with alliances, especially with venture capital and investment consulting firms. 3. The old companies in the intellectual property and technology service industry should consider: how to increase cost of Hold-up of customers, in order to ensure that they can establish a long-term and closely cooperative relationship with customers. New entry service providers should consider how to increase the benefit, and reduce information searching costs and moral hazard costs of their customers. 4. The government should release government’s funding projects to assist intellectual property and technology service industry developing. At the mean time, the government should set laws and subsidization policies related to intellectual property and technology service industry, improving the development of intellectual property and technology service industry. 5. Regulators in charge of intellectual property and technology service industry are too many to follow. Single window should be set by higher governmental department to resolve the poor communication and inefficiency among governmental departments.