Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005. / Thesis Advisor(s): Gerald G. Brown. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42). Also available online.

Esta pesquisa investiga os sentidos, valores e discursos circulantes que emergem nas páginas da imprensa em torno da categoria \"politicamente correto\", observando suas relações com a liberdade de expressão e formas de controle da produção discursiva. A partir de matérias da Folha de S. Paulo, no período de 1991 a 2014, pesquisamos as transformações do politicamente correto no Brasil e as regulações por ele estabelecidas. Embasamo-nos, nesse percurso, nas proposições de Michel Foucault sobre a arqueologia dos discursos, de modo que as matérias jornalísticas devem ser tomadas como acontecimentos discursivos, isto é, como vestígios materiais que servem de base à \"escavação\" de plataformas culturais, saberes e regras sócio-históricas que condicionam a emergência de enunciados e discursos. Nossos resultados apontam para a emergência do politicamente correto como categoria em disputa no debate público, inserida em um contexto de reposicionamentos dos saberes sobre liberdade de expressão, e para o papel decisivo do jornalismo na introdução dessa expressão nas discussões que se travam na esfera pública brasileira. O posicionamento assumido pelo jornalismo remete a um imaginário discursivo sobre a democracia, o que também tem seu papel na consolidação da legitimidade e do lugar de fala da imprensa. De modo correlato, a discussão pública sobre o politicamente correto no Brasil mostra-se profundamente polarizada. Por fim, a emergência da categoria \"politicamente correto\" como forma de denominar processos de regulação sobre a linguagem reflete - e também determina - a centralidade e a visibilidade adquiridas por esse fenômeno em nossa cultura: centralidade da linguagem, de modo amplo, como mediadora das relações sociais; centralidade do individual na condução de ações políticas; centralidade do paradigma de circulação de ideias - e, por conseguinte, visibilidade das formas de controle da expressão, entendidas cada vez mais como intoleráveis. / This research investigates the senses, values and circulating discourses that emerge in the pages of the press around the category \"political correctness\". Our goal is to understand the relationship between such category, freedom of expression and forms of control of discursive production. From journalistic texts published by Folha de S. Paulo, in the period from 1991 to 2014, we researched the transformation of political correctness in Brazil and the regulations laid down by it. In this journey, we base ourselves on Michel Foucault\'s propositions on the archeology of speeches; so that the newspaper articles should be taken as discursive events, as material evidence underpinning the excavation of cultural platforms, knowledge and socio-historical rules that constrain the emergence of statements and speeches. Our results show the emergence of political correctness as a category in dispute in the public debate, set on a repositioning context of knowledge on freedom of expression, as well as the decisive role of journalism in the introduction of the expression \"political correctness\" in the discussions which take place in Brazilian public sphere. The position assumed by journalism refers to an imaginary discourse on democracy, which also plays a role in the consolidation of legitimacy and place of speech of the press. At the same time, the public discussion of political correctness in Brazil shows up deeply polarized. Finally, the emergence of the category \"political correctness \" as a way of giving a name to processes of language regulation reflects - and also determines - the centrality and visibility acquired by this phenomenon in our culture: the centrality of language, broadly, mediating social relationships; centrality of the individual in the conduct of policy actions; centrality of the circulation of ideas - and therefore visibility of control strategies of expression, increasingly understood as intolerable.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:55:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Abigail_Duarte_Petrini.pdf: 2773048 bytes, checksum: 1398bbdb6257febfbce77cc3475b519b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work develops over perceptions, evocations and mobilizations of madness in civil processes of interdiction, which evaluate the ability of subjects to rule your own life and manage your property, and could be instituted by allegations that the supposed inept is suffering from madness. The process can only be required by people from family relationships or marriage to the so-called crazy, or the public ministry, and if the sentence is positive for the interdiction the inept will be subjected to a curator, responsible for his acts of civil life and even their property. This way, the civil interdiction is an action that unfolds from the intimate and private relationships to the public and formal, and aims the care and control others life and their property for arraignment of their abnormality. The civil interdiction is, this way, the inscription of relationship conflict between normality and abnormality, madness and not-madness, and capacity e incapability, perceived in everyday and placed at risk with the justice apparatus, in a knowledge dynamic, powers and true about the other and the madness. The civil interdiction processes are compounds for the steps of initial petition, expertise, testimonies and sentence, being selected to this research the interdiction processes of Guarapuava/PR judicial district related to the decades of 1940 (four processes) and 1950 (eight processes). The gender discussions run throughout all the text, occupying special space of the perception of power relationships of everyday of those involved by the processes, as evocated and assigned roles in the civil interdiction in the law concerns. The first chapter presents the processes, exploring exposed arguments and notions to validate the beginning of the civil interdiction processes by their requesting, noticing as reference to gender and the properties are exponents of the power relationship incorporated in these justifications. The second chapter explores the structure of the justice device on the Guarapuava judicial district at the time of the processes, and the civil code too, the civil processes code and interdiction law and the curatorship then prevailing, to proceed the scrutinizing of those captured by this device. The third chapter investigates identifications and relative subjectivations to madness and suffering made up for the witnesses of the processes and the interdicted, analyzing the growth of expertise power and the expert report confronting testimony pratices in the judicial processes dynamics / Este trabalho desenvolve-se sobre percepções, evocações e mobilizações da loucura em processos civis de interdição, que avaliam a capacidade dos sujeitos em reger sua vida e administrar seus bens, e que podem ser instituídos por alegações de que o suposto incapaz esteja sofrendo de loucura. O processo só pode ser requerido por pessoas de relações familiares ou conjugais ao suposto louco, ou ainda pelo Ministério Público, e se a sentença for positiva para a interdição o incapaz é sujeitado a um curador, responsável por seus atos da vida civil e mesmo por suas propriedades. Dessa forma, a interdição civil é uma ação que transcorre das relações íntimas e privadas para as públicas e formais, e que objetiva o cuidado e controle do outro e de seus bens pela denúncia de sua anormalidade. A interdição civil é, deste modo, a inscrição do conflito das relações entre normalidade e anormalidade, loucura e não loucura, e capacidade e incapacidade, percebidas no cotidiano e colocadas em jogo junto ao dispositivo de justiça, numa dinamização de saberes, poderes e verdades sobre o outro e a loucura. Os processos de interdição civil são compostos pelas etapas de petição inicial, perícia, testemunhos e sentença, sendo selecionados para esta pesquisa os processos de interdição da Comarca de Guarapuava/PR referentes às décadas de 1940 (quatro processos) e 1950 (oito processos). As discussões de gênero atravessam todo o texto, ocupando espaço especial de percepção das relações de poder do cotidiano daqueles sujeitos envolvidos pelos processos, bem como dos papéis evocados e atribuídos dentro do jogo da interdição civil no que concerne às leis. O primeiro capítulo apresenta os processos, explorando argumentos e noções expostos para validar o início dos processos de interdição civil pelos seus requerentes, percebendo como referências ao gênero e às propriedades são expoentes das relações de poder constituídas nessas justificativas. O segundo capítulo explora a estrutura do dispositivo de justiça na Comarca de Guarapuava à época dos processos, e também o Código Civil, o Código do Processo Civil e a legislação sobre a interdição e a curatela vigentes então, para em seguida proceder ao esquadrinhamento dos sujeitos capturados por esse dispositivo. O terceiro capítulo investiga identificações e subjetivações relativas à loucura e ao sofrimento tecidas pelas testemunhas dos processos e pelos interditandos, analisando o crescimento do poder da perícia e do laudo pericial frente às práticas de testemunho na dinâmica dos processos judiciais

Esta tese apresenta o estudo dos casos de desligamentos de cinco professores da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo (ECA/USP) durante o regime militar (1969-1979): Jean Claude Bernardet, Thomaz Farkas, José Freitas Nobre, Jair Borin e José Marques de Melo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi entender, por meio de documentos, depoimentos e pesquisa bibliográfica, a perseguição a intelectuais e cientistas na ditadura militar. O propósito foi realizar um estudo de caso para compreender como funcionava a lógica de investigações e controles dos expurgos nas universidades nesse contexto histórico brasileiro. Além disso, esta investigação tratou das diferentes estratégias de expurgos realizadas na USP, dentre elas as chamadas \"cassações brancas\", nas quais docentes não eram cassados formalmente, mas eram desligados dos quadros universitários sumariamente, sem justificativas. Para entender esses fenômenos, tratamos das trajetórias dos docentes desde o ingresso na ECA/USP, passando pelo desligamento, até o retorno na década de 1980 após a Lei da Anistia. Para tanto, utilizamos como base metodológica o método historiográfico, o paradigma indiciário e qualitativo de análise. Assim, dentro das discussões de que temos participado do Observatório de Comunicação, Censura e Liberdade de Expressão da ECA/USP, pudemos concluir que a intimidação e a autocensura foram preponderantes nas práticas de interdição dos dispositivos de vigilância nas universidades, gerando grandes consequências para a produção de conhecimento, principalmente no que se referiu à área de comunicação. / This thesis presents the study of the cases of dismissals of five professors of the School of Communications and Arts of the University of São Paulo (ECA/USP) during the military regime (1969-1979): Jean Claude Bernardet, Thomaz Farkas, José Freitas Nobre, Jair Borin and José Marques de Melo. The objective of this research was to understand, through documents, testimonies and bibliographic research, the persecution of intellectuals and scientists in the military dictatorship. The purpose was to carry out a case study to understand how the logic of investigations and controls of purges in universities in this Brazilian historical context worked. In addition, this investigation dealt with the different strategies of purges carried out at USP, among them the so-called \"white cassation\", in which teachers were not formally revoked, but were summarily dismissed from university staff without justification. In order to understand these phenomena, we have examined the trajectories of teachers since joining the ECA/USP, passing through the dismissal, until the return in the 1980s, after the Amnesty Law. For that, we use as methodological basis the historiographic method, the indiciary paradigm and qualitative analysis. Thus, within the discussions that we have participated in the Observatory of Communication, Censorship and Freedom of Expression of ECA/USP, we could conclude that intimidation and self-censorship were preponderant in the practices of interdiction of surveillance devices in universities, generating great consequences for the knowledge production, especially in the area of communications.

Le contrat et la police sont deux notions a priori incompatibles. Le contrat est un accord de volontés faisant naître des obligations juridiques. La police administrative est une prérogative de puissance publique et une des missions de souveraineté les plus fondamentales de l’État. Dès 1932, le juge administratif pose un principe général d’interdiction de délégation contractuelle des missions de police administrative. Puis, en 2011, le juge constitutionnel érige au niveau constitutionnel un principe d’interdiction de déléguer les compétences de police administrative générale inhérentes à l’exercice de la force publique. Parallèlement, l’utilisation du contrat comme mode de gestion de la police administrative se développe. Ainsi, l’interdiction de contracter en matière de police connaît-elle aujourd’hui une profonde remise en question. La perspective de l’admission du procédé contractuel bouleverse le schéma classique et implique donc une modernisation des concepts juridiques. / Contract and police may be incompatible. The contract is an accord of volition which creates legal commitment. Policy is one of the most important public authorities. From 1932, the administrative judge asserted a general principle of prohibition of using contract to delegate policy missions. In 2011, the constitutional judge asserted a principle which bans delegation of policy missions. At the same time, there is a development of contract as a new method of management. So, the principle of prohibition is underquestioned. The classical schedule is upset and a modernization of legal concepts is necessary.

Les romains furent sans doute les premiers à définir et codifier la curatelle des prodigues dans la loi des XII Tables en plaçant le prodigue en interdiction.La société d’Ancien Régime constitue un terreau idéal au développement de la prodigalité. En effet, les bourgeois comme les nobles souhaitent protéger leurs richesses de la voracité d’un héritier. L’antique interdiction pour cause de prodigalité est alors exhumée aux côtés d’autres dispositifs constituant ainsi un véritable arsenal mis à disposition des familles.La parentèle se montre impitoyable, usant parfois avec légèreté de l’une de ses dispositions à l’encontre de celui qui met en danger la pérennité du patrimoine familial. Avec la prodigalité, souvent associés à d’autres travers comme le jeu, la débauche, l’ivrognerie ou l’oisiveté, les modes de neutralisation deviennent des outils privilégiés non plus uniquement pour mettre un terme aux dépenses excessives mais également pour contrôler des attitudes qui dérangent l’ordre social sur lequel la société d’Ancien Régime repose. L’extension de l’interdiction aux veuves « follement » remariées à des personnes trop éloignées de leurs conditions (article 182 de l'ordonnance de Blois de 1579), indépendamment de toute prodigalité, en est une parfaite illustration.Malgré les modifications apportées à l'interdiction au cours de l'Ancien Régime, cette disposition porte en elle des vices rédhibitoires (coût et longueur de la procédure, caractère humiliant, difficulté de rapporter la preuve de la prodigalité, issue incertaine) qui conduiront les familles à s’en détourner. Ainsi, les excès des prodigues sont parfois jugulés par une séparation de biens entre mari et femme, une exhérédation officieuse, une substitution fidéicommissaire, une promesse de garder succession ou un enfermement.Les excès des familles sont dénoncés par les Lumières. Ainsi, le pouvoir royal encadre plus strictement certains dispositifs et les magistrats eux-mêmes rechignent à prononcer des interdictions pour de simples prodigues. Pour pallier à ce manque, ils sont à l’origine d’une disposition originale : le conseil judiciaire.Avec la révolution, la question se pose de savoir s’il faut intervenir dans les affaires du prodigue. En tout état de cause si mesure de neutralisation il y a, il faudra qu’elle respecte les libertés individuelles et le droit de propriété. Les travaux préparatoires du code civil révèlent, qu'après d'âpres débats, le prodigue continuera de bénéficier d'une protection juridique transposant dans le code la création jurisprudentielle du conseil judiciaire.Cette étude propose d'examiner les différentes techniques juridiques mises en place mais également les fondements qui ont innervé législation, activité juridictionnelle et doctrine. / It is difficult to categorize the concept of Prodigality: between madness, weakness of mind or a simple trait of character. The legislator hesitates not only about the solution to be adopted but also about the need to intervene.The Romans were undoubtedly the first to define and codify the curatorship of the prodigals in the law of the XII Tables by implementing the legal inability of the prodigal.The society of the Ancien Régime is a fertile ground for the development of prodigality. Indeed, both the bourgeoisie and the nobles wish to protect their wealth from the voracity of an heir. The former legal inability due to prodigality is then exhumed alongside other devices, constituting a real arsenal available to families.The relatives are ruthless, sometimes using very easily the legal measures at their disposal against the one who endangers the durability of the family inheritance. With prodigality, often associated with other failings such as gambling, debauchery, drunkenness or idleness, modes of neutralization become privileged tools not only to put an end to excessive spending but also to control attitudes that disturb the social order on which Ancien Régime society is based. The extension of the legal inability to "madly" remarried widows to persons too far from their social condition (article 182 of the Blois Ordinance of 1579), regardless of any prodigality, is a perfect illustration of this.Despite the changes made to the legal inability during the Ancien Régime, this provision has critical flaws (cost and length of the procedure, humiliating nature, difficulty in providing proof of prodigality, uncertain outcome) which will lead families to turn away from it. Thus, the excesses of the prodigals are sometimes curbed by a separation of property between husband and wife, an unofficial disinheritance , a fideicommissum , a promise to keep the succession or a confinement.The excesses of families are denounced by the Enlightenment. Thus, the royal power supervises certain devices more strictly and the magistrates themselves are reluctant to pronounce prohibitions for simple prodigals. To compensate for this lack, they are even at the origin of an original provision: the judicial council.With the Revolution, the question arose whether to continue interfering with the prodigal's affairs. In any case, if there is a neutralisation measure, it must respect individual freedoms and the right to property.After fierce debates, the preparatory work reveals that, the prodigal will continue to benefit from legal protection by transposing into the civil code the jurisprudential creation of the judicial council.This study will examine the different legal techniques available but also the foundations that have innervated legislation, jurisdictional activity and doctrine.

No description available.

This research presents a bi-level stochastic network interdiction model on an attack graph to enable a risk-averse resource constrained cyber network defender to optimally deploy security countermeasures to protect against attackers having an uncertain budget. This risk-averse conditional-value-at-risk model minimizes a weighted sum of the expected maximum loss over all scenarios and the expected maximum loss from the most damaging attack scenarios. We develop an exact algorithm to solve our model as well as several acceleration techniques to improve the computational efficiency. Computational experiments demonstrate that the application of all the acceleration techniques reduces the average computation time of the basic algorithm by 71% for 100-node graphs. Using metrics called mean-risk value of stochastic solution and value of risk-aversion, numerical results suggest that our stochastic risk-averse model significantly outperforms deterministic and risk-neutral models when 1) the distribution of attacker budget is heavy-right-tailed and 2) the defender is highly risk-averse.

We describe a stochastic network interdiction problem in which an interdictor, subject to limited resources, installs radiation detectors at border checkpoints in a transportation network in order to minimize the probability that a smuggler of nuclear material can traverse the residual network undetected. The problems are stochastic because the smuggler's origin-destination pair, the mass and type of material being smuggled, and the level of shielding are known only through a probability distribution when the detectors are installed. We consider three variants of the problem. The first is a Stackelberg game which assumes that the smuggler chooses a maximum-reliability path through the network with full knowledge of detector locations. The second is a Cournot game in which the interdictor and the smuggler act simultaneously. The third is a "hybrid" game in which only a subset of detector locations is revealed to the smuggler. In the Stackelberg setting, the problem is NP-complete even if the interdictor can only install detectors at border checkpoints of a single country. However, we can compute wait-and-see bounds in polynomial time if the interdictor can only install detectors at border checkpoints of the origin and destination countries. We describe mixed-integer programming formulations and customized branch-and-bound algorithms which exploit this fact, and provide computational results which show that these specialized approaches are substantially faster than more straightforward integer-programming implementations. We also present some special properties of the single-country case and a complexity landscape for this family of problems. The Cournot variant of the problem is potentially challenging as the interdictor must place a probability distribution over an exponentially-sized set of feasible detector deployments. We use the equivalence of optimization and separation to show that the problem is polynomially solvable in the single-country case if the detectors have unit installation costs. We present a row-generation algorithm and a version of the weighted majority algorithm to solve such instances. We use an exact-penalty result to formulate a model in which some detectors are visible to the smuggler and others are not. This may be appropriate to model "decoy" detectors and detector upgrades. / text

Thesis--School of Advanced Airpower Studies. / Title from title screen (viewed Oct. 27, 2003). "June 1993." Includes bibliographical references.