This dissertation seeks to provide a plausible alternative to the consensus interpretation of Jesus' "do not judge" teaching in Matt 7:1-5. While the overwhelming majority of recent interpreters understand "do not judge" (7:1) and its concurrent sayings such as "take the log out of your own eye" (7:5) to promote a non-judgmental attitude, this monograph seeks to situate this block of teaching within a Jewish second-Temple judicial setting. To this end, an overview of the judicial system during the second Temple era is provided, after which it is argued that Matt 7:1-5 is the Matthean Jesus' halakhic, midrashic comment upon the laws for just legal judging in Lev 19:15-18, 35-36 by which he prophetically criticizes unjust legal judging. Jesus' brother James takes up this teaching in Jas 2:1-13, using it to exhort Jewish Christian leaders who judge cases within Diaspora synagogues/churches. Such an alternative interpretation of Jesus' "do not judge" teaching in Matt 7:1-5 matches well other passages in Matthew which likewise speak of judicial, brotherly conflict such as 5:21-26 and 18:15-35. Some early Christian writers who quote or allude to Matt 7:1-5 reflect a judicial understanding of these verses as well, often relating Matt 7:1-5 to Lev 19:15-18, 35-36 and/or drawing parallels between Matt 7:1-5 and one or more of the NT judicial texts which, this thesis argues, is related to it (Matt 5:21-26, 18:15-35; Jas 2:1-13).

Esta tese tem como objetivo mostrar que as atividades do espírito às quais Hannah Arendt se dedicou nos últimos anos de vida foram elaboradas ao longo de toda a sua obra. Para isso, as apropriações do pensamento de Immanuel Kant foram decisivas, assim como a crítica às reduções identificadas na interpretação das experiências da história principalmente pelo pensamento moderno. O método de Arendt é destacado e consiste na identificação da origem e interpretação das experiências que geraram significados e como esses significados foram transformados pelo distanciamento das origens ou pela escolha de uma abordagem limitada de negação do caráter contingente dos assuntos humanos. A história da maneira pela qual princípios da filosofia foram tomados e o reexame desses sentidos atribuídos à experiência dirigem os esforços de Arendt para a elaboração de uma política do pensar, fundamentada na defesa da espontaneidade e da resistência que a ação exige de nossas faculdades no contexto violento do século XX, cenário este que contaminou a compreensão da política pela experiência inédita do mal do totalitarismo. A partir da crítica à funcionalização, às falácias metafísicas e aos conceitos totalizantes e personalizados, Arendt combate a negação da filosofia e busca conciliar pensamento e ação pela redefinição das atividades do espírito e pela defesa da contingência e da imprevisibilidade da história. Assim, as atividades do espírito o pensamento, a vontade e o juízo ganham estatuto ontológico, pois afirmados como transcendentes e constitutivos do modo pelo qual o ser humano estabelece e compartilha sua existência e as atribuições de significado. A afirmação da vida do espírito por Arendt se dá como um pensar sem apoios, o que significa a compreensão da filosofia como interpretação da realidade que não se deixa determinar por quaisquer explicações universalizantes sejam advindas da natureza, de teorias ou ideologias. A filosofia de Arendt é um pensar sem apoios na afirmação da insegurança do pensamento filosófico como uma política do pensar. / This thesis aims to demonstrate that the activities of the mind, to which Hannah Arendt dedicated herself in the last years of her life, were indeed elaborated throughout her work. To this end, the appropriations of Immanuel Kant\'s thinking were decisive, so was her criticism to the reductionism employed by modern thought in the interpretation of historical experiences. Arendt\'s method highlighted herein is two-fold. On the one hand, it identifies the origin and interpretation of experiences that have generated meanings. On the other, it shows how distancing from origins has transformed such meanings as well as how the limited approach imposed by the denial of the fact that human affairs are intrinsically contingent. The history of the way in which principles of philosophy were treated, and the reexamination of these meanings attributed to experience, guide Arendt\'s efforts through the elaboration of a politics of thinking, which is based on the defense of spontaneity and resistance. The violent context of the twentieth century, the unprecedented experience of evil brought out by totalitarianism, required the redefinition of the activities of our mind. From critique to functionalization and to totalizing and personalized concepts, Arendt fights the denial of philosophy and seeks to reconcile thought and action by redefining the activities of the mind and by defending the contingency and the unpredictability of history. Therefore, the activities of the mind thinking, willing and judging gain ontological status as affirmed as constitutive of the way in which individuals establish and share their existence and attributions of meaning. The assertion of the life of the mind by Arendt is given as thinking without bannisters, which means understanding philosophy as an interpretation of reality that is not left to be determined by any universalizing explanations, either by nature, by theory or ideology. Thus, she asserts the thinking without bannisters: the insecurity of philosophical thought as a politics of thinking.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O objetivo no presente estudo foi avaliar a natureza genÃtica da habilidade de um animal se classificar entre os trÃs primeiros colocados em categorias de idade (HAB3) e de sua pontuaÃÃo total obtida (PTO) em campeonatos de julgamento realizados em diferentes exposiÃÃes agropecuÃrias. Foram utilizados dados pertencentes à AssociaÃÃo Brasileira de Santa InÃs (ABSI), referentes a eventos ocorridos entre os anos de 2012 e 2014. Avaliou-se a HAB3 para animais entre 4 e 36 meses, distribuÃdos em 16 categorias, de acordo com sua idade, e a PTO, considerando-se todos os campeonatos individuais disputados durante a exposiÃÃo, onde os animais pertencentes atà a 4 categoria de idade (4 a 8 meses) competiram dentro de categorias e em campeonatos subsequentes para definiÃÃo do CampeÃo Ovino do Futuro, e animais confirmados (acima de 8 meses) disputaram a premiaÃÃo mÃxima de Grande CampeÃo da RaÃa. Os arquivos finais continham 3.180 registros de classificaÃÃo (HAB3) referentes a 1.896 animais e 4.383 informaÃÃes referentes Ãs pontuaÃÃes obtidas (PTO) por 2.170 animais. O arquivo de genealogia incluiu 4069 animais. Os componentes de variÃncia foram estimados em modelo animal de limiar para a caracterÃstica HAB3 e linear para PTO, mediante anÃlise bayesiana, utilizando-se o Amostrador de Gibbs. As mÃdias a posteriori para a herdabilidade e repetibilidade foram, respectivamente, 0,10  0,07 e 0,57  0,11 para HAB3 e 0,12  0,04 e 0,31  0,02 para PTO. Os baixos valores de herdabilidade relatados para estas caracterÃsticas revelam uma forte influÃncia de fatores ambientais, tais como o tratamento oferecido a estes animais. Os valores estimados para repetibilidade sugerem correlaÃÃo alta entre as classificaÃÃes dos animais, o que implica que animais classificados entre os trÃs primeiros colocados nas categorias de idade, tendem a ter desempenho semelhante em competiÃÃes subsequentes. No entanto, para a pontuaÃÃo total obtida, o desempenho observado apresenta moderada confianÃa de se repetir ao longo do tempo. Conclui-se que a seleÃÃo e o uso de reprodutores que obtiveram bons desempenhos em competiÃÃes de julgamento nÃo apresentam grandes garantias que seus filhos tenham a mesma capacidade. / The aim in this study was to evaluate the genetic nature of the ability of an animal to rank among the top three on age categories (HAB3) and its total score (PTO) on trial championships held in different agricultural fairs. Records belonging to the Brazilian Association of Santa InÃs (ABSI) and related to fairs that occurred between the years 2012 and 2014 were used. We evaluated the HAB3 for animals between 4 and 36 months, divided into 16 categories according to their age, and the PTO, considering all individual championships performed during the agricultural fair, where the animals belonging until the 4th age category (4-8 months) competed in categories and in subsequent championships to define the Future Sheep Champion, and confirmed animals (over 8 months) competed for the top award of the Great Breed Champion. The final data files contained 3,180 placing records (HAB3) for 1,896 animals and 4,383 information on the obtained scores (PTO) for 2,170 animals. The pedigree file included 4,069 animals. Variance components were estimated fitting threshold and linear animal models for ABI3 and TS, respectively, by Bayesian analysis using the Gibbs sampler. The posterior means of heritability and repeatability were, respectively, 0.10  0.07 and 0.57  0.11 for HAB3 and 0.12  0.04 and 0.31  0.02 for PTO. Low heritability values reported for these traits reveal a strong influence of environment factors, such as the treatment offered to the animals. The repeatability values suggest high correlation between the animal classifications, implying that animals ranked in the top three in the categories of age, tend to have similar performance in subsequent competitions. However, for the total score, the observed performance has moderate confidence be repeated over time. We conclude that the selection and use of rams who achieved good performances in trial competitions feature no major guarantees that their offspring have the same capacity.

Esta tese tem como objetivo mostrar que as atividades do espírito às quais Hannah Arendt se dedicou nos últimos anos de vida foram elaboradas ao longo de toda a sua obra. Para isso, as apropriações do pensamento de Immanuel Kant foram decisivas, assim como a crítica às reduções identificadas na interpretação das experiências da história principalmente pelo pensamento moderno. O método de Arendt é destacado e consiste na identificação da origem e interpretação das experiências que geraram significados e como esses significados foram transformados pelo distanciamento das origens ou pela escolha de uma abordagem limitada de negação do caráter contingente dos assuntos humanos. A história da maneira pela qual princípios da filosofia foram tomados e o reexame desses sentidos atribuídos à experiência dirigem os esforços de Arendt para a elaboração de uma política do pensar, fundamentada na defesa da espontaneidade e da resistência que a ação exige de nossas faculdades no contexto violento do século XX, cenário este que contaminou a compreensão da política pela experiência inédita do mal do totalitarismo. A partir da crítica à funcionalização, às falácias metafísicas e aos conceitos totalizantes e personalizados, Arendt combate a negação da filosofia e busca conciliar pensamento e ação pela redefinição das atividades do espírito e pela defesa da contingência e da imprevisibilidade da história. Assim, as atividades do espírito o pensamento, a vontade e o juízo ganham estatuto ontológico, pois afirmados como transcendentes e constitutivos do modo pelo qual o ser humano estabelece e compartilha sua existência e as atribuições de significado. A afirmação da vida do espírito por Arendt se dá como um pensar sem apoios, o que significa a compreensão da filosofia como interpretação da realidade que não se deixa determinar por quaisquer explicações universalizantes sejam advindas da natureza, de teorias ou ideologias. A filosofia de Arendt é um pensar sem apoios na afirmação da insegurança do pensamento filosófico como uma política do pensar. / This thesis aims to demonstrate that the activities of the mind, to which Hannah Arendt dedicated herself in the last years of her life, were indeed elaborated throughout her work. To this end, the appropriations of Immanuel Kant\'s thinking were decisive, so was her criticism to the reductionism employed by modern thought in the interpretation of historical experiences. Arendt\'s method highlighted herein is two-fold. On the one hand, it identifies the origin and interpretation of experiences that have generated meanings. On the other, it shows how distancing from origins has transformed such meanings as well as how the limited approach imposed by the denial of the fact that human affairs are intrinsically contingent. The history of the way in which principles of philosophy were treated, and the reexamination of these meanings attributed to experience, guide Arendt\'s efforts through the elaboration of a politics of thinking, which is based on the defense of spontaneity and resistance. The violent context of the twentieth century, the unprecedented experience of evil brought out by totalitarianism, required the redefinition of the activities of our mind. From critique to functionalization and to totalizing and personalized concepts, Arendt fights the denial of philosophy and seeks to reconcile thought and action by redefining the activities of the mind and by defending the contingency and the unpredictability of history. Therefore, the activities of the mind thinking, willing and judging gain ontological status as affirmed as constitutive of the way in which individuals establish and share their existence and attributions of meaning. The assertion of the life of the mind by Arendt is given as thinking without bannisters, which means understanding philosophy as an interpretation of reality that is not left to be determined by any universalizing explanations, either by nature, by theory or ideology. Thus, she asserts the thinking without bannisters: the insecurity of philosophical thought as a politics of thinking.

8 pp. / Information to help reduce the occurrence of show ring fiascos. Focus is on proper preparation, selection, and the necessary time commitment that youth participants can expect.

In drei Betrieben mit maschineller Milchgewinnung wurden an 193 Mutterschafen der Rasse Ostfriesisches Milchschaf 17 Euter- und Zitzenmerkmale erfasst und eine Melkbarkeitsprüfung durchgeführt. Bei zwei bis vier Untersuchungen je Tier bis zum fünften Laktationsmonat konnten 9.231 Eutermerkmalsmessungen und 5.204 Eutermerkmalsbeurteilungen in die Auswertung einbezogen werden. Zusätzlich standen die einzeltierbezogenen Gehalte somatischer Zellen in der Milch zur Verfügung. Die festgestellten Beziehungen zwischen Euterform- und Leistungsmerkmalen lassen den Schluss zu, dass mit der Selektion nach Euterformmerkmalen eine direkte züchterische Einflussnahme auf Melkmaschineneignung und Eutergesundheit sowie eine indirekte züchterische Einflussnahme auf die Melkbarkeit möglich ist. Die Milchleistung beeinflusst signifikant die Euterdimension. Für eine Euterbeurteilung eignen sich besonders Eutertiefe, Bodenabstand, Hintereuteraufhängung, Euterband, Zitzenplatzierung und Zitzengröße. Diese Merkmale sind von wirtschaftlicher Relevanz, mit guter Sicherheit erfassbar, durch eine mittlere Erblichkeit gekennzeichnet und weisen zu anderen ebenfalls wirtschaftlich relevanten Merkmalen enge phänotypische Beziehungen auf. Ein Model zur Euterformbeschreibung kann als Grundlage für eine zukünftige, vergleichbare Leistungsprüfung dienen. Die Euterform verändert sich mit zunehmender Anzahl Laktationen, wobei die Unterschiede zwischen erster und zweiter Laktation am größten sind. Der Laktationsmonat hatte im Untersuchungszeitraum nur einen geringen Einfluss. Daraus schlussfolgernd eignet sich der erste Laktationsabschnitt bis zum vierten Laktationsmonat innerhalb der zweiten Laktation für eine frühestmögliche sichere Beurteilung der Euterform. Die Erfassung von Milchleistung und Melkbarkeit ist nur mittels Milchleistungs- und Melkbarkeitsprüfung bzw. Melktest möglich. Die systematischen Faktoren Betrieb und Laktationsnummer zeigen signifikante Einflüsse auf die Ergebnisse und sollten in der Ergebnisberechnung berücksichtigt werden. Die Eutergesundheit hat ihre Bedeutung für Nutzungsdauer und Leistungsfähigkeit der Tiere, aber auch im Hinblick auf die Verarbeitungsfähigkeit und Qualität der Milch und Milchprodukte. Eine Selektion der Tiere mit dauerhaft hohen Zellzahlen trägt zur Gesunderhaltung der Herde und zur Erzeugung von Qualitätsprodukten bei. / 193 lactating Eastfrisian Milk Sheep were used to investigate 17 udder and teat traits and were subjected to a milkability test. In up to 4 test per ewe during the first five month of lactation a total of 9231 udder measurements and 5204 udder assessments were included in this investigation. Repeated information on somatic cell count per individual animal were also available. Correlation between udder morphology and performance traits indicate that a selection for udder morphology traits will have a direct effect on machine milkability and udder health; a indirect effect can be assumed for all milkability traits. Milk yield is positive correlated with udder dimension. Depth of udder, distance to floor, hind udder attachment, udder ligament, position of teats and teat size are all useful traits for udder assessment. All these traits are economically relevant, can be a measured with sufficient accuracy, and do possess a medium range heritability and show positive phenotypic correlations to other economically relevant traits. Description of udder morphology requires a standard model for a comparative performance recording. Udder morphology is systematically affected by number of lactation, with large differences between the first and the second lactation. Months of lactation had only a minor influence. Results of this investigation indicate that udder assessment can best be implemented during the second lactation within the first four month of lactation. Milkability tests should be implemented and incorporated in a breeders strategy to improve udder morphology and udder health. A range of systematic factors is influencing milkability which requires a consequent registration of these influencing factors and correction before traits are being used for breeding value estimation. Standard milk performance recording together with the registration of somatic cells in combination with assessment of udder morphology and teat morphology will provide the bases for a consequent selection to improve milk yield and udder health.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-10-02T12:24:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lincoln Sales Serejo_.pdf: 1173187 bytes, checksum: c34b8618964d3b0d68d9ef6ef302098d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-02T12:24:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lincoln Sales Serejo_.pdf: 1173187 bytes, checksum: c34b8618964d3b0d68d9ef6ef302098d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / Nenhuma / A tese trata da responsabilidade moral e política em Hannah Arendt. Segue-se o itinerário da filosofa sobre a responsabilidade. Reconstrói-se inicialmente o debate entre Joel Feinberg e Hannah Arendt sobre o conceito de responsabilidade coletiva, tendo como objetivo específico o de apresentar o problema que será tratado ao longo da tese. Em seguida, procuramos examinar os pontos de contato e distanciamento entre as concepções de responsabilidade e culpa que são defendidas por Hannah Arendt, Karl Jaspers e Hans Jonas. Aborda-se a concepção de responsabilidade pessoal de Arendt a partir de sua reflexão sobre a “banalidade do mal”, circunstanciada ao julgamento de Adolf Eichmann. Analisa-se sinteticamente o julgamento de Eichmann. Investigam-se as concepções do fenômeno da liberdade em Hannah Arendt. Apresenta-se a concepção contemplativa de liberdade ou liberdade filosófica e a concepção política de liberdade política. Os objetivos destes subcapítulos são o de mostrar a distinção que a filósofa estabelece entre essas duas concepções de liberdade, uma relacionada à vida e interior e a outra relacionada ao exercício da virtude pública no espaço público. Examinam-se as atividades da vida espiritual na concepção de Hannah Arendt, a saber: o Pensar, o Querer e o Julgar. Apresentam-se os conceitos de Razão e Intelecto com objetivo de mostrar a distinção desses dois conceitos kantianos; Sócrates e o dois-em-um discutirá a faculdade espiritual do pensamento; A descoberta da Vontade refletirá sobre esta faculdade e, por fim, a faculdade juízo e sua conexão com a responsabilidade. / The thesis deals with moral and political responsibility in Hannah Arendt. It follows the Philosophy itinerary on responsibility. The debate between Joel Feinberg and Hannah Arendt on the concept of collective responsibility is initially reconstituted, with the specific objective of presenting the problem that will be dealt with throughout the thesis. Next, we will try to examine the points of contact and distancing between the conceptions of responsibility and guilt that are defended by Hannah Arendt, Karl Jaspers and Hans Jonas. To approach Arendt's conception of personal responsibility from his reflection on the "banality of evil," circumstantial to the judgment of Adolf Eichmann. The Eichmann judgment is synthetically analyzed. The conceptions of the phenomenon of freedom in Hannah Arendt are investigated. It presents the contemplative conception of freedom or philosophical freedom and the political conception of political freedom. The objectives of these subchapters are to show the distinction that the philosopher establishes between these two conceptions of freedom, one related to life and interior and the other related to the exercise of public virtue in the public space. The activities of the spiritual life are examined in the conception of Hannah Arendt, namely: Thinking, Willing and Judging. The concepts of Reason and Intellect are presented in order to show the distinction between these two Kantian concepts; Socrates and the two-in-one will discuss the spiritual faculty of thought; the discovery of the Will reflected on the faculty of Will and finally the faculty of judgment and its connection with responsibility.

Title: Judging systems of competitions in dance sport from judges point of view Objectives: The main goal of the thesis is to introduce the absolute judging system used on a dances sport competitions 3.0 to a wider public, and to describe differences between absolute judging systems 2.0, 2.1 and 3.0. Next goal is to map opinions, knowledge and attitudes of the TOP judges of the CDSF towards the judging systems of the dance sport. Methods: To obtain the necessary data for the elaboration of the thesis was used a method of electronic questionnaires. For the elaboration of a theoretical part of the thesis were used primary sources, professional literature and experts' own materials. Result: The thesis maps used systems of dance sport in the Czech Republic and abroad and their main progress towards objective and measurable judging. Based on survey, the questionnaire reveals the knowledge, opinions and attitudes of the Czech TOP judges towards System 3.0. In fact, the thesis is a breakthrough, because even though the absolute judging system 3.0 is already used in practice, there is still no Czech written documentation of its work or usage. Keywords: Dance sport, Latin, Ballroom, Dance, Judges, Judging systems, Sport, The questionnaire

This thesis is about selection processes and processes of measuring and judging athletes in competitions in top-level sport. The purpose was to increase the knowledge of these processes and to analyse them from a validity perspective in order to contribute to the discussion of whether the “right” athletes are selected to participate in teams, competitions and games and whether the “right” athletes win. The rule and judging systems were investigated in the judged sports acroski and rhythmic gymnastics. Information was gathered through individual interviews with two judges, two coaches, and four elite athletes from each of the sports, and in addition to this the respective sport’s rule systems, judging manuals, meeting protocols and historical documents were studied. Selections to top-level sport teams were investigated by individual interviews with 14 top-level coaches (selectors) from the national league in soccer and a national team and from national teams in alpine skiing. The results from the judging study showed that both studied sports had undergone major changes in their rule and judging regulations, changes that had a considerable impact on the sports and the judgements. The level of definition of the rules and regulations was raised to increase the opportunities for clear and reliable judgements, but this became problematic for the overall validity of the judgements. The reason for this was that the new rules and regulations did not clearly correspond to the original idea of the sport, since the specified and detailed regulations lead to less originality and freedom in the performances. In the selection study, the results pointed to great differences in how precisely defined the selection criteria were among the teams. The selectors stated that well-defined selection criteria or grounds could be helpful in many ways, but they also emphasised how important it was for them that some parts of the selections were based on their subjective valuations of the athletes. Quite a few coaches from both sports argued that they would choose an athlete with good behaviour and favourable personality over an athlete with better sports skills, if they had an opportunity to do that depending on the selection system that was used. Overall, this research displays how validity issues connected to the selection and judging criteria and these processes might affect the outcome of the processes. It is notable that high reliability is in the main focus of the measuring and judging processes, while considerably vaguer and more subjective assessments are considered important in the selection process. The thesis points to the importance of discussing and understanding the consequences of rules, rule changes, selection and judging criteria as well as how these processes are performed, if the desired outcomes and consequences of the selection and judging processes are to be reached.

「積極生活」與「沉思生活」乃是鄂蘭思想的核心關切，晚年更是致力於研究如何從心靈的活動走向實踐的行動。在眾多心靈能力中，鄂蘭特別看重能避免罪惡的「思考」與分辨對錯的「判斷」，兩者皆與現實政治關聯甚深。然而鄂蘭最終認為「判斷」是「最具政治性的心靈能力」，「思考」則難於政治處境中適用。對此，筆者認為「思考」與「判斷」並非截然對立的兩種能力，事實上兩者有許多相通之處，而真正的差異其實是「標準」與「角色」不同的兩種對話，且從鄂蘭建構「思考」的原型─蘇格拉底─身上亦能發掘許多實踐意義，這將是如何實踐更理想的政治的關鍵。 / “Vita activa” and “vita contemplentiva” are the two main subjects in Arendt’s thought. In her last years, she committed herself to find the path from “mental faculties” to “actions.” In all mental faculties, Arendt paid more attention on the evil-prevented ability called “thinking” and “judging,” which can telling right from wrong, both of them have a lot to do with real politics. But Arendt considered “judging” is “the most political of man’s mental abilities” and “thinking” is not applicable to politics at last. In my point of view, “thinking” and “judging” are not actually two different kind of “ability” but two kind of “conversation,” the difference between them is “standard” and “role”. If we delve into the model of “thinking” in Arendt’s thought –Socrates,– we can find out that there was lots of practical meanings in his actions, those will be the key to make ideal politics practicable.