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Adaptation of adolescents in social contextReitz, Anne Kristin 30 August 2013 (has links)
Diese Dissertation untersucht individuelle Unterschiede in der Adaptation von Jugendlichen und fokussiert auf jugendliche Immigranten. Sie postuliert ein übergreifendes Rahmenmodell, das entwicklungs-, akkulturations-, und intergruppenpsychologische Ansätze integriert, um ein umfassendes Verständnis der Adaptationsprozesse zu erlangen. Von diesem Rahmenmodell werden zwei Forschungsfragen abgeleitet. Die erste Frage lautet, wie ist das Zusammenspiel von Entwicklungs- und Akkulturationsaufgaben? Die zweite Frage lautet, wie ist das Zusammen-spiel dieser Aufgaben mit den Beziehungen zu der Familie und den Gleichaltrigen? Die Dissertation basiert auf drei empirischen Studien, die längsschnittliche Daten von Schülern mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund verwendeten. Studie 1 zeigte, dass eine gut funktionierende Familie und die Beteiligung an der Herkunfts- und Aufnahmekultur Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und ethnische Identität vorhersagten. Studie 2 ergab, dass soziometrische Beliebtheit in der In- aber nicht der Outgroup Selbstwert von Jugendlichen vorhersagte, was durch selbstwahrgenommene Beliebtheit mediiert wurde. Studie 3 zeigte, dass soziometrische Beliebtheit bei Klassenkameraden ohne, aber nicht bei solchen mit, Migrationshintergrund ein geringes persönliches Diskriminationserleben in jugendlichen Migranten vorhersagte. Zusammenfassend hat diese Dissertation das Rahmenmodell erfolgreich angewendet, in dem sie gezeigt hat, dass positive Beziehungen mit der Familie und Gleichaltrigen Ressourcen für das Bewältigen von Entwicklungs- und Akkulturations-aufgaben darstellten, die miteinander verwoben waren. Die wesentliche Implikation ist, dass jede der beiden Kulturen und sozialen Gruppen eine Quelle unterschiedlicher Risiken und Ressourcen ist, die alle wichtige Aspekte der Adaptation sind. Diese Dissertation ist ein wichtiger Schritt in Richtung eines kontextualisierten und integrativen Verständnisses der Adaptation von Jugendlichen in einer modernen Gesellschaft. / This dissertation examines individual differences in the adaptation of adolescents and focuses on the case of immigrant adolescents. It proposes a guiding framework that integrates developmental, acculturative, and intergroup approaches in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the processes underlying adaptation. From this framework, I derive two core research questions that guide the three empirical studies of this dissertation. First, what is the longitudinal interplay of developmental tasks and acculturative tasks? Second, what is the longitudinal interplay of either of these two tasks and the quality of adolescents’ relationships with family and peers? This dissertation is based on three studies that used the same longitudinal data set of immigrant and host-national students. Study 1 showed that family functioning and involvement in host and ethnic cultures predicted immigrant adolescents’ self-efficacy and ethnic identity. Study 2 revealed that sociometric peer likability by ingroup but not outgroup classmates predicted self-esteem of both immigrants and host-nationals, which was fully mediated by their self-perceived likability. Study 3 demonstrated that sociometric peer likability by host-national but not by immigrant classmates predicted low perceptions of personal discrimination in immigrant adolescents. In summary, this dissertation successfully applied the proposed integrative framework by demonstrating that positive relationships with family and peers represented resources for adolescents’ mastery of their acculturative and developmental tasks, which in turn were intertwined. The main implication is that each of the two cultures and societal groups presents immigrant adolescents with different risks and resources that are all important aspects of their adaptation. In sum, this dissertation is an important step toward a more contextualized and integrative understanding of the adaptation of adolescents in a modern society.
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The Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP): A Methodological UpdateLieb, Roselind, Isensee, Barbara, Sydow, Kirsten von, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich 22 November 2012 (has links) (PDF)
The objectives of the community-based Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) Study are described along with a detailed account of the overall design, special design features, sample characteristics and instruments used. The EDSP employed a prospective-longitudinal design to study substance use and other mental disorders in a representative population sample of 3,021 subjects aged 14–24 years (birth cohorts 1970–1981) at ‘baseline’ – the outset of the study. Two follow-up investigations were conducted after the baseline investigation covering an overall period of 3–4 years. Special design features are the linkage with a family supplement (EDSP-FS) as well as neurobiological laboratory studies of high-risk subjects.
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Evidence That Onset of Clinical Psychosis Is an Outcome of Progressively More Persistent Subclinical Psychotic Experiences: An 8-Year Cohort StudyDominguez, Maria-de-Gracia, Wichers, Marieke, Lieb, Roselind, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, van Os, Jim 27 February 2013 (has links) (PDF)
This study examined the hypothesis that developmental expression of psychometric risk in the form of subclinical psychotic experiences in the general population is usually transitory but in some instances may become abnormally persistent and progress to a clinical psychotic state. A prospective cohort study was conducted in a general population sample of 845 adolescents, aged 14–17 years, in Munich, Germany (Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study). Expression of psychosis was assessed 4 times (T0–T3) over a period of 8.4 years. Transition from subclinical psychosis at T0–T2 to clinical psychosis in terms of impairment at T3 was examined as a function of the level of prior persistence of subclinical psychosis (present never, once, twice, or thrice). The more the subclinical psychosis persisted over the period T0–T2, the greater the risk of transition to clinical psychosis at T3 in a dose-response fashion (subclinical psychosis expression once over T0–T2: odds ratio [OR] = 1.5 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.6–3.7], posttest probability [PP] = 5%; twice: OR = 5.0 [95% CI = 1.6–15.9], PP = 16%; at all 3 measurements: OR = 9.9 [95% CI = 2.5–39.8], PP = 27%). Of all clinical psychosis at T3, more than a third (38.3%) was preceded by subclinical psychotic experiences at least once and a fifth (19.6%) at least twice. Consequently, a significant proportion of psychotic disorder may be conceptualized as the rare poor outcome of a common developmental phenotype characterized by persistence of psychometrically detectable subclinical psychotic experiences. This may be summarized descriptively as a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder.
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What predicts incident use of cannabis and progression to abuse and dependence? A 4-year prospective examination of risk factors in a community sample of adolescents and young adultsSydow , Kirsten von, Lieb , Roselind, Pfister , Hildegard, Höfler , Michael, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich 05 April 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Objectives: To determine risk factors of incident onset of use, abuse and dependence of cannabis in a community sample of adolescents and young adults.
Methods: Risk factors were examined in a prospective longitudinal design across 4 years in a representative sample (N=2446) aged 14-24 at the outset of the study (EDSP). Patterns of DSM-IV defined cannabis use, abuse and dependence were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). Potential risk factors were assessed at baseline. Incident cannabis use, abuse and dependence at second follow-up (on average 42 months after baseline) were the main outcome measures in this study. Associations were analyzed with logistic and negative binomial regressions.
Results: Using 11 of a total of 56 variables examined, the predictive value of the final multiple logistic regression for incident cannabis use was moderately good (area under the ROC curve=0.78). Cannabis use frequency was predicted in the final model by 18 variables, cannabis abuse by two variables in the younger subsample and nine factors in the older group, and dependence by eight variables (dependence: ROC curve area=0.97). Incident cannabis use was predicted mainly by availability of drugs, peers’ drug use, a more ‘positive’ attitude towards future drug use, and regular previous use of licit drugs, while cannabis dependence was predicted primarily by parental death before age 15, deprived socio-economic status, and baseline use of other illicit drugs.
Conclusion: Different factors predict the onset or severity of cannabis use and the progression to abuse and dependence. In addition to well-documented risk factors such as peer group pressure, drug availability, and low self-esteem, findings suggest that family history (e.g. parental mental disorders, early parental death), and prior experiences with legal drugs play a significant role in the initiation of cannabis consumption and the transition to cannabis use disorders in adolescents and young adults. Findings suggest that early intervention and prevention might be improved by better targeted treatment.
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Dependence symptoms in young cannabis users? A prospective epidemiological studyNocon, Agnes, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Pfister, Hildegard, Zimmermann, Petra, Lieb, Roselind 08 April 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Aim: To examine prospectively over a period of 4 years the profile of cannabis dependence and the risk of specific dependence criteria in a community sample of adolescents.
Methods: A representative community sample of 2446 young adults aged 14–24 years at baseline was followed up over a period of 4 years. Frequency of use measures and of criteria for DSM-IV dependence were assessed by standardized diagnostic interview measures (CIDI). To explore the nature of this association, frequency of use and concomitant use of other psychoactive substances was considered.
Results: 30% of the sample were cannabis users. Among all users 35% met at least one dependence criterion. Most frequently reported dependence criteria among all users were withdrawal (17%), tolerance (15%), loss of control (14%) and continued use despite a health problem (13%). Even without concomitant use of other illicit drugs, 22% of low frequency users and 81% of high frequency users met at least one dependence criterion. Symptom patterns were similar in high and low frequency users. The occurrence of a dependence syndrome or of specific dependence criteria could not be attributed to the use of other illicit drugs or to comorbid nicotine and alcohol dependence.
Conclusions: Regular cannabis use in adolescence is associated with the development of a dependence syndrome. This association cannot be explained by the concomitant use of other illicit substances or by comorbid nicotine and alcohol dependence.
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Jugendszene im neuen GewandHoppe, Ines 08 January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Erfolgreiche medienpädagogische Projekte und gelungene kulturelle Aktionen sind meist Ergebnis einer fruchtbaren Kooperation. In der Bibliotheksarbeit mit Kindern und Jugendlichen sind andere Bildungs-, Kultur- und Freizeiteinrichtungen als kompetente und aktive Partner gefragter denn je. Um gemeinsame Ziele zu erreichen, gilt es heutzutage, Ressourcen zu bündeln und Aufgaben zu teilen. Unter diesen Prämissen entstand im vergangenen Jahr die Idee für ein neues Kooperationsprojekt mit der Fortis-Akademie. Das Leitsystem für das Medienangebot in der Jugendszene war optisch und inhaltlich „in die Jahre gekommen“. Die Neugestaltung sollte möglichst von der Zielgruppe selbst, also von Jugendlichen oder jungen Erwachsenen inspiriert und umgesetzt werden.
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Buchsommer Sachsen 2012Seydlitz, Sophie 09 January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
In diesem Sommer fand in 60 Bibliotheken Sachsens eine besondere Aktion statt: der Buchsommer Sachsen. Unter dem Motto „Beim Lesen tauch ich ab!“ sollten vor allem Schülerinnen und Schüler ab der 5. Klasse in die Bibliotheken gelockt werden. Dafür wurden mehr als 100 neue Buchtitel gekauft, die exklusiv für die Jugendlichen während der Aktion zum Ausleihen und Lesen zur Verfügung standen. Bei der Auswahl der Titel stand der Fokus auf Neuerscheinungen des Jugendbuchmarktes, die vor allem Mittelschüler und Jungs ansprechen sollten. Aber auch für Mädchen und Leseratten sollte etwas dabei sein. Präsentiert in einem separaten Regal und erkennbar am Buchsommer-Aufkleber warteten spannende Abenteuerromane, aufregende Fantasy-Geschichten und lustige Comic-Romane auf ihre Leser. Die gelesenen Buchsommer- Bücher und deren Bewertung wurden bei der Rückgabe im Leselogbuch notiert. Wer mindestens drei Bücher während der Sommerferien gelesen hatte, erhielt bei einer großen Abschlussparty sein Zertifikat.
Dank der Förderung des Sächsischen Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst und der Organisation durch den dbv Landesverband Sachsen e.V. konnte diese besondere Sommeraktion unter der Schirmherrschaft des Sächsischen Staatsministeriums für Kultus in 60 sächsischen Bibliotheken statt finden. Unterstützt durch die regionalen Bildungsagenturen nahmen neben den Großstadtbibliotheken in Dresden und Leipzig auch Stadt- und Kreisbibliotheken wie Chemnitz und Gemeindebibliotheken wie in Niederwiesa an der Aktion teil und konnten zahlreiche Buchsommer-Teilnehmer in ihrer Bibliothek begrüßen.
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Spiralcurriculum für Leseförderung und MedienkompetenzFriesel, Mareike, Keller-Loibl, Kerstin 09 January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Donnerstag, 13 Uhr. Ein Anruf erreicht eine Bibliothekarin während ihres Auskunftsdienstes: „Ich würde gerne mit meiner 6. Klasse in der nächsten Woche zu Ihnen kommen. Wir haben den Themenkomplex „Sächsische Sagen“ gerade abgeschlossen und nun – vor den Ferien – möchten wir noch etwas Schönes zum Abschluss unternehmen. Ich habe an eine Sagenlesestunde in der Bibliothek gedacht.“ Bibliothekarin: „“Waren die Schüler schon einmal bei uns?“ Lehrerin: „“Das weiß ich leider nicht, ich habe die Klasse gerade erst übernommen.“ Wenn die Bibliothekarin Glück hat, findet sie in ihren Unterlagen ein Konzept zum Thema. Ansonsten erarbeitet sie die Veranstaltung für die Klasse bis zur nächsten Woche neu. Vorsichtshalber geht sie davon aus, dass die Schüler noch nie in der Bibliothek waren.
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Perzentile für den Body-mass-Index für das Kindes- und Jugendalter unter Heranziehung verschiedener deutscher StichprobenKromeyer-Hauschild, Katrin, Wabitsch, M., Kunze, D., Geller, F., Geiß, H. C., Hesse, V., von Hippel, A., Jaeger, U., Johnsen, D., Korte, W., Menner, K., Müller, G., Müller, J. M., Niemann-Pilatus, A., Remer, T., Schaefer, F., Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Zabransky, S., Zellner, K., Ziegler, A., Hebebrand, J. 06 February 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Fragestellung: Sowohl die Childhood Group der International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) als auch die European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG) empfehlen den Body-mass-Index als Beurteilungskriterium für Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Im Erwachsenenalter erfolgt die Definition von Übergewicht und Adipositas anhand fester Grenzwerte, bei der Beurteilung von Kindern und Jugendlichen müssen die alters- und geschlechtsspezifischen Veränderungen des BMI berücksichtigt werden.
Methode: Unter Heranziehung von 17 bereits durchgeführten Untersuchungen aus verschiedenen Regionen Deutschlands wurden BMI-Perzentile für Kinder und Jugendliche erstellt. Die Berechnung der Perzentile basiert auf den Körperhöhen- und Körpergewichtsdaten von 17.147 Jungen und 17.275 Mädchen im Alter von 0–18 Jahren.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung: Die vorgestellten Perzentile sollten als Referenz für deutsche Kinder und Jugendliche angewendet werden. Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter“ (AGA) hat in ihren Leitlinien die Anwendung der hier vorgestellten 90. und 97. Perzentile zur Definition von Übergewicht und Adipositas empfohlen. / Objectives: Both the Childhood Group of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG) recommend to use the body mass index (BMI = weight in kilograms/height in meter2) to evaluate overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Whereas it is customary with adults to use fixed cut off points to define overweight and obesity, in children and adolescents age and sex specific developmental changes in BMI need to be addressed, which are due to physiological alterations of fat mass.
Method: Because a national reference population for children and adolescents does not exist in Germany, a BMI reference data set was compiled. Therefore measurements of height and weight from 17 different regional studies including 17147 boys and 17275 girls aged 0 to 18 years were used.
Results and conclusions: We recommend the use of the presented percentiles as reference to asses under- and overweight (obesity) in German children and adolescents. In the guidelines of the “Arbeitsgruppe Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter”(AGA) the 90th and 97th BMI percentiles as calculated in this reference population are proposed as cut-off points for the definition of overweight and obesity in German children and adolescents.
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Prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents in GermanyRavens-Sieberer, Ulrike, Wille, Nora, Erhart, Michael, Bettge, Susanne, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Rothenberger, Aribert, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Resch, Franz, Hölling, Heike, Bullinger, Monika, Barkmann, Claus, Schulte-Markwort, Michael, Döpfner, Manfred 21 February 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Background: Over the past decades the public health relevance of mental health conditions in children and adolescents has been of growing concern. However, so far no detailed epidemiological data has been available for a representative national sample in Germany.
Objectives: The present paper reports prevalence rates of general and specific mental health problems among children and adolescents in Germany and describes the link between symptoms and impairment as well as the treatment situation.
Methods: The mental health module (BELLA study) examines mental health problems in a representative sub-sample of 2,863 families with children aged 7–17 from the National Health Interview and Examination Survey among Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). Mental health problems were determined using the extended version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Further standardised screening measures were employed to screen for anxiety disorders (SCARED), conduct disorder (CBCL), attention deficit-/ hyperactivity disorder (FBBHKS, Conners’ Scale) and depressive disorders (CES-DC). Furthermore, substance abuse and suicidal tendencies were assessed. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health care use were determined. Results Overall, 14.5% of the children and adolescents aged 7–17 fulfilled the criteria for at least one specific mental health problem associated with impairment, or had an overall mental health problem indicated by an abnormal SDQ score and present impairment. However, high comorbidity was found in the children concerned. Symptoms of overall mental health problems were present in 8.6% of the children and 6.6% of the adolescents. This number was reduced to prevalence rates of 6.3 and 4.9% when additional impairment was taken as a criterion. Irrespective of the type of disorder, fewer than half of the children affected were reported as receiving treatment. However, for those suffering from mental health problems, large impairments in HRQoL were observed.
Conclusions: The observed prevalence of mental health problems as well as their large impact on well-being and functioning calls for early prevention. This is especially important with regard to the large decrease in HRQoL in the children and adolescents affected.
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