Abstract: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur socialsekreterare som arbetar med ekonomiskt bistånd upplever det individuella handlingsutrymme som ramlagen SoL ger. Studien baseras på fem kvalitativa intervjuer med socialsekreterare som arbetar i västra Skåne. Resultatet visar att informanterna upplever ett stort handlingsutrymme i möjligheten att påverka sitt arbetssätt, sina arbetsuppgifter samt i möjligheten att prioritera sin tid samt även i hur man väljer att bemöta klienten. Möjligheten att ställa krav på klienten och bestämma storleken på dessa krav är en maktfaktor som informanterna visar en medvetenhet om inom sitt handlingsutrymme. Handlingsutrymmet vid individuella bedömningar upplevs som tämligen stort men vikten av att motivera och förankra beslut betonas. Informanterna anser att handlingsutrymmet är nödvändig för klientens rättsäkerhet då det ger möjlighet till individuella hänsynstaganden. Indirekt påverkas handlingsutrymmet av organisationens resurser men mest tycks relationer till kollegor, klienter men även till närmaste chef påverka. Betydande är även arbetsplatskultur och arbetsbelastning. Problem som framkommit är de skillnader i bedömningar som informanterna upplever mellan kommuner och stadsdelar. Här ger ramlagen kommunerna ett alldeles för stort handlingsutrymme enligt informanterna.

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Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur socialsekreterare inom Ekonomiskt bistånd resonerar kring sin maktutövning samt vilka positiva respektive negativa aspekter som följer med yrkesrollen. För att undersöka detta har vi använt oss av kvalitativ metod och tillämpat fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare på Ekonomiskt bistånd och därefter identifierat teman för analys. Studiens resultat presenteras utifrån en tematisk analys och analyseras utifrån begreppen handlingsutrymme samt Foucaults definition av makt.  Resultatet visar att socialsekreterare är medvetna om sin maktutövning och att denna kan vara både positiv och negativ beroende på hur makten används. Det finns både för- och nackdelar med att besitta makt, och hur makten betraktas grundar sig i socialsekreterarens tillämpning av den. I slutsatsen lyfter vi resultaten och betonar vikten av fortsatt kunskap inom ämnet. / The aim of the study is to investigate how social secretaries within Economic aid reason about their exercise of power and which positive and negative aspects come with the professional role. To investigate this, we have used a qualitative method and applied five semi-structured interviews with social secretaries at Economic aid and then identified themes for analysis. The study's results are presented based on a thematic analysis and analyzed based on the concepts of scope for action and Foucault's definition of power. The results show that social secretaries are aware of their exercise of power and that this can be both positive and negative depending on how the power is used. There are both pros and cons to having power, and how power is viewed is based on the social worker's application of it. In the conclusion, we highlight the results and emphasize the importance of continued knowledge within the subject.

This work is focused on communication improvement in tracheostomized and laryngektomized patients. I have chosen the topic because, according to my opinion, communication between people is very important. If there is an obstacle on communication, it brings about a lot of problems in human life which is very stressful indeed. By tracheostomy and laryngectomy performing, a barrier in spoken verbal communication arises and therefore it is important to address this issue and focus ourselves on the help to these patients. After tracheostomy the function of vocal cords is disabled and laryngectomy means a surgical removal of the larynx. In these clients, either temporarily or permanently, disruption in spoken verbal communication occurs. There are several ways how to compensate the spoken verbal communication. As a substitute, however, the most frequently used is the written verbal communication. According to my opinion it would be appropriate to include pictograms into the care of these patients. Pictograms are cards with pictures. When they are used for communication in hospital, they are supplemented with words or short phrases that clearly express the particular notion or feeling. The cards are supposed to help a client who has problems with verbal communication, but also health care workers. Therefore we set a goal to create pictograms and bring them into practice, then to determine whether the use of pictograms in practice contribute to a better communication between nurses and a tracheostomized or a laryngectomized patient and to find out whether the use of pictograms has an influence on cooperation between the family of a tracheostomized or laryngectomized patient and members of the health care team. We also wondered if patients and nurses would recommend or would not recommend the continued use of pictograms in practice.

Inledning: Revisor-klient-relationen är viktig både för revisorn och revisionsarbetet, men också för klienterna och deras upplevda mervärde av en revision. Digitaliseringen och Covid-19 tycks medföra nya förutsättningar för denna relation som inte undersökts i tidigare forskning. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att utforska hur revisorer och representanter för små och medelstora klientföretag upplever att deras relation påverkats av den ökade digitaliseringen och pandemin orsakad av Covid-19. Syftet är vidare att utforska hur nämnda parter upplever konsekvenserna av eventuella förändringar. Metod: Studien tillämpar en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med flerfallstudiedesign. Forskningsansatsen är i huvudsak deduktiv men med induktiva inslag. Datainsamling har skett genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med revisorer och representanter för små- och medelstora klientföretag. Slutsats: Vår studie visar att revisor-klient-relationen, mer eller mindre, beroende på kontextuella faktorer, utvecklats till ett distansförhållande till följd av Covid-19 och digitaliseringen. I det fall där klientföretaget drabbats hårt av pandemin upplevs en närmare relation, annars tyder resultatet på att relationen i många av de studerade fallen inte förändrats, trots nya förutsättningar. Det kan konstateras att det initiala relationsbyggandet försvårats men att befintliga relationer klarat övergången bra. Klienternas upplevda mervärde förefaller samvariera med hur relationen förändrats. Överlag kan revisorns professionella bedömning argumenteras bli än viktigare i en digitaliserad revisionsbransch, samtidigt som digitaliseringen minskar risken för att revisorns oberoende äventyras.

Univ., Diss.--Zürich, 2000.

This thesis is based on analytical methods stemming from established theory and uses them to examine the issue of boundaries in helping professions. The purpose of the thesis is to understand the specific aspects of a relationship between a physically disabled client and their assistant, as well as the subjective perception of the boundary in a helping relationship. The research data had been collected through seven interviews with personal assistants. An analysis of this data has brought results in the form of a description of a personal assistant's profession and a summary of factors that play a significant role in establishing the relationship. Out of all the discovered topics, the relationship plays the most fundamental role and it has shown to consist of several levels - proffesional, friendly, parental or sibling and sexual. Boundaries become established within these levels in various forms and degrees depending on personal, relationship or situational factors. This issue represents a complex and multilayered topic with a vast array of paradoxes and dilemmas. The respondents do not perceive boundaries as something static, unchanging or even absolutely necessary. Just like the relationship itself, the boundaries within - if present - undergo a process of development during which they...

This thesis informs reader about main ways of client-server application design and technologies for building an Application Programming Interface (API). It compares mainly modern approaches - REST and GraphQL, which became recently popular. The final product of thesis is a web application for self-improvement of employees in software company. Application provides features like self-improvement activities management or planning of meetings. Employees management, user registration and log in are obvious. Application uses GraphQL technology as an application interface, Java programming language together with Spring Boot for server implementation and Angular for client implementation. Spring Security framework is used for authentication and authorization, MySQL was chosen for database part.

The content of this master thesis project is about design and implementation of intelligent client application for Music Player Daemon (MPD), which searches and presents the metadata related to played content. The actual design precedes the theoretical analysis, which includes analysis of agent systems, methods of data classification, web communication protocols and languages for describing HTML document. At the same time is analyzed the MPD server and communication protocol used by clients application. Furthermore, this work describes the current client applications that presents metadata. In the last chapters of the thesis describes the design and implementation of intelligent client. It describes the methods of solution the implementation and solution of problems. Lastest chapters describes the testing result.

The aim of this study is to examine, with background of the swedish specialized social service, how the client is formed in a process by categorizing and sorting in the receiving department of the financial support. Which factors professionals are perceived to be problematic in the management of cases and the social workers approach to meet the clients needs. The study was conducted with one qualitative semi-structured interview with the head of the department of financial support, and two focus group interviews with social workers at the department of financial support. The theoretical approach is Hasenfeld´s theory about human service organizations, Billquist´s theory about the sorting process and Johansson´s theory about the client construction process. The empirical results also relate to Johansson´s theory about mass handling of clients and Svensson, Johnsson and Laanemets theory about the social workers action space. The conclusion of this study is that a specialized social service is categorizing and sorting the client through all parts of the process in the receiving department of financial support. The result shows that several factors makes it problematic for the social workers to respond to the client needs in a specialized social service, causing the social workers to use their acion space.