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31	The multiple faces of insecurity : An analysis of security from the Chocoano women's perspective Svensson, Åsa January 2009 (has links) <p>This thesis explores the complexity of the concept “security” in theory and practice. The traditional security concept is replaced by a human-centred security approach in order to analyse women's security,. The stories of Afro-Colombian and indigenous women from the poor and war-torn region Chocó in Colombia demonstrate that the insecurity of the <em>Chocoano </em>women is not only created by the armed conflict in Colombia, but that insecurity fundamentally has its roots in societal structures and systems as well. This thesis argues that the category “woman” is insufficient and that an intersectional approach is the only way to fully understand the Chocoano women’s security and insecurity. In the case of Chocó, the population's ways of relating to the ancestral territories is one example of how ethnicity and culture play a mayor role for their security. The concept <em>human security </em>will be embraced for its recognition of the intimate relation between human rights, development and individual security. Galtung's theory on violence will also be used in order to complete the picture of how the direct and indirect violence that Chocoano women suffer from is reinforced by unequal power relations.</p><p> </p><p>Furthermore, women’s possibilities to act for security, mainly through nongovernmental organizations and the Church, are investigated. The peripheral positions of the Chocoano women in Colombia as well as within their own cultures are found to be barriers to women’s effective participation in security policy. It is also concluded that the relation between security and activism for human rights is rather complex and contradictory in Chocó. Finally, it is argued that there exist several parallel and competing discourses of security. The predominant discourse of security in Colombia ignores many of the dangers that women in Chocó are exposed to. The concept of security must be seriously challenged both in theory and in practice if women’s security is to be guaranteed in Colombia.</p><p> </p> security human security intersectionality Chocó Colombia women ethnicity Colombia Chocó seguridad seguridad humana mujeres etnia Political science Statsvetenskap Peace and conflict research Freds- och konfliktforskning
32	Golanhöjderna, den strategiska betydelsen 1967-1973 Bengtsson, Kristofer January 2009 (has links) <p>The topic of this essay is the strategic importance of the <em>Golan Heights</em> during the period <em>1967-1973, </em>specifically targeting the following<em> </em>questions;</p><p>- <em>Why were the heights strategically important</em>?</p><p>- <em>What are the gains of either of the states in controlling the Golan Heights?</em></p><p>A theoretical framework based on Jerker Widén´s and Jan Ångström´s <em>Militärteorins grunder</em> (The fundamentals in Military Theory) and its chapter regarding the strategic context will be used as an analytical framework.</p><p>The framework has been applied on the specific conditions of the Golan Heights during a given and limited period of time; stretching from 1967 to 1973, however, the study will <em>not</em> deal with the <em>war of attrition</em> in 1970 as the impact on the Golan Heights and the surrounding geographical strategically important area was limited if at all. The two wars waged during this particular time are used in an attempt to give a somewhat objective picture of the strategic importance of the area.</p><p>The conclusions are that the importance of the Golan heights during the selected period was significant as the Golan Heights provided a “strategic lock” both ways and provides a favourable area to deploy artillery, intelligence and surveillance sensors.</p> / <p>Denna uppsats behandlar främst de grundläggande teorierna kring strategi applicerade på referensobjektet Golanhöjderna under åren 1967-1973.</p><p>Syftet är att svara på frågorna:</p><p><em>Varför var höjderna viktiga ur ett strategiskt perspektiv?</em></p><p><em>Vilka fördelar vinner endera</em> <em>staten på att besitta dem?</em></p><p>Tidsrymden har valts med tanke på att det är under denna tid som de häftigaste striderna ägde rum på detta specifika terrängavsnitt. Utnötningskriget 1970 berörs ej då det inte berörde terrängavsnittet. De parter som behandlas är Israel och Syrien då dessa gränsar till varandra runt Golanhöjderna.</p><p>De bägge parternas planer och mål under stridigheterna kommer att analyseras enligt en deskriptivt-analyserande metod och även till viss del jämföras vad avser deras avsikter och önskade slutläge.</p><p>Den teoretiska referensramen, vilken skall fungera som ett analysverktyg, består huvudsakligen av sex belysande aspekter som tillsammans kan beskriva den strategiska bilden, hämtade ur Jerker Widéns och Jan Ångströms bok <em>Militärteorins grunder</em>. Utöver dessa sex aspekter kommer även manöverkrig, linjaritet samt rysk krigskonst att beskrivas. Dessa operationaliseras sedan på referensobjektet och leder fram till en diskussion som sedan mynnar ut i ett antal slutsatser.</p><p>De slutsatser som har dragits är att Golanhöjderna har en strategisk vikt i området 1967-1973 då de fungerade som ett ”strategiskt lås” för bägge sidor samt att höjderna var värdefulla ur underrättelse-/spaningshänseende.</p> Golan Heights Strategy Yom Kippur Manoeuvre warfare Linearity Russian art of war Israel Syria Golanhöjderna Strategi Yom Kippur Manöverkrigföring Linjaritet Rysk krigskonst Israel Syrien Empirical conflict research Empirisk konfliktforskning
33	Sjukvårdsorganisationen vid svenska marina missioner Hagberg, Mathias January 2009 (has links) <p>Försvarsmaktsorganisationen har varit i förändring sedan försvarsbeslutet 2004, då Försvarsmakten gick från ett invasionsförsvars till ett rörligt insatsförsvar. Denna nya inriktning innebär att de svenska enheter skall kunna genomföra uppdrag långt ifrån den svenska kusten och infrastruktur, vilket kan medföra en del nya intressanta frågeställningar.</p><p>Ett exempel på en sådan frågeställning är om de svenska enheterna är lämpliga för sådana uppdrag då det gäller att ta hand om och transportera eventuella skadade ombord. Har sjukvårdsorganisationen och Försvarsmakten medel till att transportera och ge adekvat vård vid större krissituationer internationellt?</p><p>Uppsatsen syfte är att genom ett organisationsteoretiskt perspektiv undersöka hur Försvarsmaktens förmåga att ta hand om skadade vid internationella missioner ser ut, samt vilka brister i organisationen som kan påvisas.</p><p>Den metod som har använts är den deskriptiva metoden tillsammans med fallstudier. Det som har studerats är svenska reglementen, doktriner samt den utländska Nato doktrinen <em>AJP 4-10</em>. Fallstudierna har utgjorts av ML 01-02 samt ME 01. Maslows teori om säkerhetsbehov har hela tiden verkat som utgångspunkt vid presenterande av fakta samt assisterande för att besvara frågeställningarna.</p><p>Slutsatsen som har dragits är att svenska enheter inte är direkt anpassade för denna verksamhet. Avsaknaden av egen helikopter är en av orsakerna. En bristande organisation kan ge en försämrad stridsmoral, vilket kan resultera i förödande konsekvenser för hela fartyget.</p> / <p>The Swedish armed forces have been through a big reformation since the Parliamentary Resolution 2004. The Resolutions biggest statement was that the armed forces should change from a invasiondefence to a mobile armed force. This means that Swedish troops and ships are meant to operate far from the Swedish coast line and infrastructure; this can give many new interesting problems.</p><p>One of these problems is if the Swedish units are fit for the missions that they now are entitled to take part in. I particularly if they have the capability to take care of injured personal far from Swedish infrastructure.</p><p>Have the medical organisation and the armed forces the right means to give adequate medical treatment and transportation?</p><p>The methods that the writer has used to solve these questions have been the descriptive method combined whit fall studies on ML 01-02 and ME 01. The literature consists part of reglements, doctrines both Swedish and domestic, in particular the Nato doctrine <em>AJP 4-10</em>. </p><p>The conclusions that have been made are that the Swedish ships are not adjusted for this kind of missions, the abcens of the helicopter capability is one of the arguments for this. The effect of what this can mean for the soldier is a decreased will to fight, which can be drastic for the ship.</p> Medical organisation Role International navy operations Security needs Sjukvårdsorganisation Role Internationella marina missioner Säkerhetsbehov Administration of health and care Hälso- och sjukvårdsadministration Empirical conflict research Empirisk konfliktforskning
34	Gespräche in einer Krise : Analyse von Telefonaten mit einem RAF-Mitglied während der Okkupation der westdeutschen Botschaft in Stockholm 1975 / Conversations in a crisis : Analysis of telephone communication with a member of the red army faction during the 1975 occupation of the West German embassy in Stockholm von der Heiden, Gregor January 2009 (has links) When crises develop, people are confronted with difficulties beyond those experienced in normal everyday activities. Due to the perceived threats inherent to such situations, familiar behaviors may prove ineffective, and such attempts can pose dangerous and unpredictable risks. Crises are extreme situations, occurring at the very edges of human experience. Oral communication in such situations cannot be casual; the seriousness of the situation demands exceptional communicative performance on the part of the participants. Therefore, certainties about everyday communication conventions are called into question. The following work examines conversations during which the participants were involved in an extreme situation. In this particular crisis, a politically motivated kidnapping, the personal involvement of the interlocutors is substantial. A clear and present fear of the situation escalating and the possibility of a failure to anticipate the resulting reactions from the other party(ies) characterize the communicative acts of those involved. Recorded telephone calls during the occupation of the West German Embassy in Stockholm by members of the Red Army Faction (RAF) on April 24, 1975 comprise the basis for this analysis. One of the occupiers speaks with various interlocutors located in an adjacent embassy building. These interlocutors are relatives of the hostages, the Swedish Minister of Justice, and a German official charged with leading the negotiations. In this study, the communicative processes of the crisis are reconstructed. In order to show how the interlocutors attempt to reach their goals in this tense situation with the resources available to them, as well as what they in fact achieve, ethnographic methods of analysis have been employed. This study shows how, despite strong conflicting interests and motives, a shared reality is built through the actions of the interlocutors. The interaction between two key figures in the early stages of the crisis can even be characterized as a form of coalition building. An explanation as to why this collaboration is not retained in the subsequent course of the events, however, leading to an escalation of the situation, is also presented. Furthermore, the following work sets forth qualities needed to interactively build a coalition in a precarious crisis situation, which has arisen between parties characterized by diametrically opposed aims. crisis telephone calls conversation analysis pragmatics linguistics verbal interaction negotiation Red Army Faction Baader-Meinhof terrorism RAF Swedish history political violence West German history occupation Krise Telefongespräche Gesprächsanalyse Sprachwissenschaft verbale Interaktion Verhandlung Rote Armee Fraktion Baader-Meinhoff Terrorismus Linksterrorismus Deutsche Geschichte Schwedische Geschickte Okkupation kris telefonsamtal samtalsanalys lingvistik verbal interaktion förhandling Röda Armé-fraktion RAF Baader-Meinhof terrorism vänsterterrorism tyska historia svensk historia ockupation German language Tyska språket Germanic languages Germanistik Linguistics Lingvistik History Historia Criminology Kriminologi Empirical conflict research Empirisk konfliktforskning

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