The study seeks to clarify a cultural change in the armed forces (FM). The study is based on the hypothesis that repeated operations in war-like environment, where the FM sends professional combat units, develop a warrior culture. The empirical results indicate that there is an existing warrior culture at all three units surveyed. The subculture is verified by the constants of western warrior culture described in theory. The cultural change leads to ethical / moral and leadership challenges for FM.

The purpose of this thesis is to perform a gender study focusing on Viking Age weapon graves. A female weapon burial, a male weapon burial and a female burial are studied in this thesis. It is necessary first to discuss the meaning of a weapon burial. Thereafter the thesis will discuss if it is possible to find any differences in the gender interpretation of weapon burials belonging to men and females. The weapon graves will also be interpreted in relation to a female burial. The research history is primarily based on Conkey & Spector’s (1984) article regarding archaeological androcentrism. The result of the thesis states that a weapon burial must consist of at least one of following weapons: sword, shield, spear, axe, horse equipment or arrowheads. The results also state that the interpretation of a weapon burial depends on the sexual identity of the buried individual. It is easier to state that the buried individual is a warrior if the individual is assumed to be a male. It is also possible to see differences regarding male and female burials in general where the interpretation of rich female graves is questioned due to the absence of a man in the grave. The graves are still interpreted in traditional gender roles, where the gender roles are based on the grave goods.

No description available.

This essay have its main focus on understanding how the usual naval battle under the viking agelooked like. The timeline in question is the year 793 to the middle of 11th century. The main sourceof information are taken from the sources that have the runes and scaldic verses as their referecepoint. The study will take a brief look at the viking ships used in those battles and the weapons andarmor the soldiers would use. And then try to understand their part on the battlefield.

Abstrakt This essay is about how I investigated the valkyries and shieldmaidens gender in Old Norse mythology. The starting point of investigating valkyries, from a gender perspective, lies within that "gender", socially, can be reconstructed from societies ideologies and norms, referring to present time discussions. Further, studies have shown different interpretations of the valkyries in mythology, as many researchers described valkyries as crossborder from the female gender category to the male gender category. In mentioning the valkyries as cross-border, between the social roles of being a man or a woman, the valkyrian is emphasized as one who acts outside the norm of their gender category. But, if the normality norms for the valkyries are the same, then there should be no boundary-crossing. And with this said,and to validate this research importance, my working hypothesis was that valkyries and shieldmaidens fits in to a third gender category, and that the investigation regarding a third gender is quite right considering how society has changed, especially since the third gender category has become a contemporary phenomenon. Therefore, to understand the myths, I first needed to familiarise myself with the properties, attributes and actions.Related to this, I, immersed myself within the mythology to better understand the stemmed creation of the myths. The study regarding valkyriesand shieldmaidens was examined, through an analysis, of the heroic poems within The poetic Edda.

Female warriors from the Viking Age is a subject that has been debated and interpreted in many different ways. The modern view on the binary gender roles is one of the reasons why it has been hard for archaeologists to interpret the female warrior graves. The graves are often interpreted in other ways then that the weapons in the graves would belong to the female individuals. Archaeologists rather explain the graves existence because of other reasons than that the female individuals would have been warriors. The issue of the study is whether the female warrior graves from the Viking Age differ from a female gender role, or if the warrior role possibly could be a part of a female gender? Also, why are there so few female warrior graves? The study will be based around three graves, Bj 581 from Birka in Sweden, Mound 50 from Heath Wood in England and T20248 from Nord-Trøndelag in Norway. The analysis and discussion are based on a gender perspective, new ideas will be added to the discussion based on age, gender roles, gender expression and social status. The results may indicate that female gender rolls might be changeable depending on the female individual’s social status, age and life stage.

The aim of this thesis is to interpret and discuss the weapon-graves of Viking Age Birka. The weapon-grave phenomenon is deemed differential in relation to the rest of the grave-material of the site, and thus the questions that motivate the thesis is: who was buried with weapons and why? Further questions arise regarding the social aspects of individuals who were buriedalong with weapons. The theoretical approach will be to evaluate any differences in 'social class', 'social age' and 'gender' between the weapon-grave contexts. By conducting qualitativeand quantified analysis of the grave-goods, this thesis adresses both overall and detailed patterns in correlation and constellations between weapons, other grave-goods and terms of burial.

Med hjälp av osteologiska och genetiska analyser har flera gravar från vikingatiden som tidigare tolkats tillhöra män nu visat sig tillhöra kvinnor. Det är dock fortsatt kontroversiellt att tolka dessa kvinnor som krigare. Att kvinnorna tillhört den sociala eliten är studenter och forskare i stort överens om men vilken roll de haft i vikingatidens samhälle råder det delade meningar om. Att tolka tidigare samhällen och deras sociala roller utifrån det material som finns tillgängligt idag är komplext vilket blir tydligt i denna uppsats. Vikten av att inte tolka vikingatidens sociala roller utifrån samtidens syn på könsroller, ideal och normer blir också tydligt. / With the help of osteological and genetic analyses, several warriorgraves from the Viking Age that where previously interpreted as belonging to men have been shown belong to women. However, it remains controversial to interpret these women as warriors. That the women belonged to the social elite most students and researchers largely agree on but there are divided opinions about what role they had in the Viking Age society. Interpreting past societies and their social roles based on the material available today is complex, which comes clear in this essay. The importence of not interpreting the social role of the Viking Age based on the contemporary view of gender roles, ideals and norms also becomes clear.

Syfte:Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att jämföra Aftonbladets nyhetsrapportering om IS i Sverige med den kunskap och de erfarenheter informanten besitter. Studien har även inkluderat ett genusperspektiv, detta för att reda ut hur vida kvinnor och män gestaltas olika i Aftonbladet. Metod:Det empiriska materialet i studien består av insamlad kvalitativ data genom en semikonstruerad intervju samt artiklar från Aftonbladet. Med framing som metod har ett ramverk skapats detta för att identifiera vad som står i de utvalda artiklarna samt för hur jag valt att gå tillväga i analysen av artiklarna. Slutsats:Resultatet av studien visar att Aftonbladet gestaltar IS och IS-krigare från Sverige negativt samt att informantens erfarenheter och kunskaper inom ämnet skiljer sig markant från hur tidningen beskriver det. Studien har också kommit fram till att kvinnor och män porträtteras olika i Aftonbladet när det handlar om IS i Sverige. / Purpose:The purpose of this study is to compare the news report from the swedish newspaper Aftonbladet about IS and IS-warriors with the knowledge and the experiences that the informant has. The study does also include a gender perspective, this to investigate how women and men frames differently. Method:The emperical material in this study comprises in gathering qualitative data existing of a semi constructed interview together with articles from Aftonbladet. I used the created framework as a method for analysing the articles. Conclusion:The result of the study show that Aftonbladet portrays IS and IS-warriors from Sweden in a negative way and also that the informants experiences and knowledge within the subject differ significantly from how the newspaper describes it. The study also shows that man and women are portrayed differently in Aftonbladet when the subject is IS in Sweden.