Η επαγγελματική εξέλιξη και αποκατάσταση των δασκάλων αποτελεί καίριο και φλέγον θέμα αυτής της περιόδου που ενδιαφέρει πάρα πολλούς ανθρώπους, άλλωστε το γεγονός αυτό φαίνεται και από την μεγάλη ζήτηση που έχουν οι παιδαγωγικές σχολές τα τελευταία χρόνια. Σκοπός της εργασίας μας είναι να ενημερώσουμε τόσο τους ήδη εκπαιδευτικούς όσο και τους μελλοντικούς για την επαγγελματική εξέλιξη του κλάδου των δασκάλων, τι έχει αλλάξει από παλιά, εάν υπάρχει ανεργία και πού βρίσκουν δουλειά. Στην έρευνά μας συμμετείχαν 130 εκπαιδευτικοί απαντώντας σε ερωτηματολόγιο. Τα αποτελέσματά μας έδειξαν ότι το επάγγελμα του δασκάλου έχει περιθώρια εξέλιξης σε μεγάλο βαθμό και τεράστια επαγγελματική αποκατάσταση. Βέβαια, με τα δικά μας συμπεράσματα άλλες έρευνες συμφωνούν και άλλες όχι. Συμπερασματικά, καταλήγουμε ότι το επάγγελμα του δασκάλου αποτελεί μια πολύ καλή επιλογή για την επαγγελματική αποκατάσταση των νέων ανθρώπων. Κάθε άνθρωπος, άλλωστε, το μόνο που ζητάει μετά την απόκτηση του πτυχίου τους είναι γρήγορη επαγγελματική αποκατάσταση και σταθερή απασχόληση. Οι εκπαιδευτικοί όμως αντιμετωπίζοντας ποικίλες και σύνθετες απαιτήσεις στη σύγχρονη κοινωνία, καλούνται να ανταπεξέλθουν με επιτυχία στο έργο τους, παρακάμπτοντας ελλείψεις, παραλείψεις και στρατηγικής σημασίας λάθη της πολιτείας (Χατζηπαναγιώτου, 2001). / --

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3493167 bytes, checksum: e7208302b7c46fe0f7875242a0b0d1f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-06 / This research aimed to examine ways of sociability and the possibilities of integration into society of students from rural areaswith intellectual and multiple disabilities attending the Rural APAEs in the municipalities of Viçosa, Visconde do Rio Branco and Ubá, in the Zona da Mata region, in the state of Minas Gerais, in southeastern Brazil. This study started with the hypothesis that the insertion of the disabled person in rural society would happen beyond the domestic space as a result of the countryside to constitute a space of sociability in which productivity and competitiveness would be not as noticed as in the city. Thus, we sought in this dissertation examine how networks of sociability are establishedand the possibilities of integrating people with disabilities in rural societies. The interest in knowing and analyzing the range of possibilities with which disabled people counted for the establishment of their interaction in rural society arose due to the existence of a significant proportion of disabled people in rural areas, which have been poorly portrayed in academic studies, mostly conducted in the cities. We sought yet to examine the possibilities of autonomy and independence of the student with disabilities who attended Rural APAEs facing the challenges of life and work. The Rural APAEs were chosen because they offer training for work services for people with disabilities aiming -social inclusion. The field research was conducted through a semi-structured a survey questionnaire with open and closed questions, which was applied to the 159 students with intellectual disabilities enrolled in the three Rural APAEs surveyed. The main variables analyzed were the educational level of the student and his parents, occupation of parents, family income, type of disability; courses taken and productive activities, among others. The staff working in these institutions contributed to this study answered about the courses offered and whether they were compatible to qualify students to meet the demands of the labor market. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as formas de sociabilidade e as possibilidades de inserção na sociedade rural dos educandos com deficiência intelectual e múltipla que frequentavam as APAEs Rurais de Viçosa, Visconde do Rio Branco e Ubá, três municípios da Zona da Mata, no estado de Mina Gerais, na região sudeste do Brasil. Partiu-se, neste estudo, da hipótese de que a inserção da pessoa com deficiência na sociedade rural se daria para além do espaço doméstico em decorrência do meio rural se constituir em um espaço de sociabilidade no qual a produtividade e a competitividade não se notariam como na cidade. Assim, buscou-se, nesta dissertação analisar como se estabeleciam as redes de sociabilidade e as possibilidades de inserção das pessoas com deficiência em sociedades rurais. O interesse por conhecer e analisar o campo de possibilidades com o qual as pessoas deficientes contavam para o estabelecimento de sua interação na sociedade rural surgiu em função da existência de uma expressiva porcentagem de deficientes no meio rural, os quais têm sido pouco retratados ao largo dos estudos realizados, quase sempre, nas cidades. Buscou-se analisar, ainda, as possibilidades de autonomia e independência do educando com deficiência formado nas APAEs Rurais para enfrentar os desafios da vida e do trabalho. As APAEs Rurais foram escolhidas por oferecerem serviço de formação para o trabalho junto às pessoas com deficiência visando a sua inclusão social. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada por meio de um survey aplicando questionário com perguntas semiestruturadas, com questões abertas e fechadas, aos 159 educandos com deficiência intelectual, matriculados nas três APAEs Rurais pesquisadas. As principais variáveis observadas foram a escolaridade do educando e de seus pais; profissão dos pais; renda familiar; tipo de deficiência; cursos realizados e atividades produtivas, entre outras. Os profissionais que atuavam nessas instituições contribuíram com este estudo respondendo sobre os cursos ofertados e se estavam compatíveis para qualificar os alunos para atender às exigências do mercado de trabalho. Nas empresas que empregavam os alunos das APAEs estudadas, o pesquisador fez entrevistas para saber das empresas a percepção que tinham sobre os deficientes que empregam, oportunidade em que entrevistou os trabalhadores que se qualificaram nos cursos oferecidos nas APAEs estudadas. Na pesquisa de campo, também foram entrevistadas as famílias dos educandos deficientes que residiam na zona rural. Em termos de conclusões gerais percebeu-se que o deficiente no meio rural tinha maior amplitude de participação social do que na cidade. Segundo os relatos dos pais dos deficientes, estes eram vistos na sociedade rural como diferentes, mas a diferença entre os rurais era vista como algo da vida, como normal, assim, os deficientes tinham uma vida mais participativa, integrada, sem restrições, mais solta. No entanto, a pesquisa de campo no meio rural foi importante, também, para se perceberem outros aspectos sociais em relação às pessoas com deficiência e ainda com relação às que cuidam da pessoa com deficiência, no que diz respeito à precariedade dos serviços básicos de saúde e de transporte prestados a essa população.

This DPhil thesis is a collection of three theoretical and empirical papers studying labor markets in several advanced economies. Two chapters examine the relationship between the banking sector and the labor market in the US and the UK, while one evaluates a policy that has been proposed to help labor markets in the Euro Area adjust to economic shocks. In the first chapter, I develop a New Keynesian DSGE model that integrates a banking sector subject to moral hazard with a standard random search model of the labor market. I estimate the model using US data and study the role of the banking sector in determining labor market fluctuations. In the second chapter, I estimate a structural VAR model of the UK and US economies and identify bank lending shocks using a mix of sign and short-run exclusion restrictions. Consistent with the predictions of the DSGE model, an expansionary loan supply shock decreases job-destruction and increases job-creation, reducing the unemployment rate persistently. Bank lending shocks are also important drivers of labor market fluctuations, particularly during the Great Recession. Lastly, in the third chapter, I calibrate to the Euro Area a currency union DSGE model to evaluate the aggregate properties of European Unemployment Insurance (EUI). I find that EUI cannot contemporaneously stabilize the monetary union and achieve convergence in regional unemployment and inflation rates.

Gender equality has increased over time, and the question of how it progresses is highly important. Commuting behavior is an essential theme in Economic research since it, for example, affects the market structure, the distribution of labor, and economic growth. The purpose is to investigate how human capital impacts individuals’ commuting to work, and especially if human capital has different effects on women and men. To construct our model, we present several factors of interest that affect commuting, where human capital is the main variable investigated. Previous research show that women’s commuting behavior differs from men’s. By analyzing data from 2016, we aim to study the difference between women and men, by investigating the factors that impact their commuting for work over municipality borders in Sweden. The contribution of this paper is to increase the understanding of commuting within regional economics and gender studies. Our result show that human capital affects net outgoing commuting for both women and men, but the extent of the effect differs. Women are less affected by the level of human capital, and they still commute less than men although more women obtain higher human capital, in terms of education.

abstract: This study utilized ecological theory and social exchange theory to examine how father involvement effects the human capital accumulation of young mothers. This study used data from a sub-sample of young mothers taken from the Healthy Families Arizona longitudinal evaluation (N = 84). The participants in the sub-sample were between 13 and 21 years of age. Using a random effects regression model, it was found that father involvement negatively affects a young mother's school attendance over time. The probability of a mother attending school when the father is involved decreases by 12%. It was also found that for the average age mother (19 years of age), the probability of attending school decreases by 59% every additional year. Furthermore, for a mother with an average number of children (one child), every additional child she has decreases the probability of attending school by 24%. In addition it was found that for the average age mother (19 years of age) every additional year, the likelihood of being employed increases 2.9 times, and for a mother with an average number of children (one child) every additional child decreases the likelihood of employment by .88 times. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Social Work 2011

This thesis deals with development of structure of vacancies in relation to economic growth. Objective of the thesis was to assess the development of vacancies in terms of economic growth in the selected region. The thesis was divided into theoretical and practical part. Terms regarding the given issues were clarified in the theoretical part. This part also deals with offer, demand and balance on the labor market, unemployment, employment policy, economic growth ? it´s measurement and patterns. The region České Budějovice, which will be further discussed in the thesis, is characterized in the first chapter of the practical part. The thesis answers the question, what the unemployment rate, number of job applicants or number of vacancies in the region is. It also deals with the structure of vacancies according to education, profession or length of vacancy and on the other hand it deals with the structure of job applicants according to sex, age, profession or length of unemployment. The effect of economic growth on the structure of jobs is assessed in the next chapter. There´s a certain mismatch between the structure of vacancies and the structure of the unemployed. Main problems of this mismatch are defined in the final chapter of the practical part. There are an overall summary of the results and recommendations for the future in the conclusion of the thesis.

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-01T14:48:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cláudia Monteiro Fernandes.pdf: 882693 bytes, checksum: 80b4741ababca40551ce7982dbccb67a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-08T12:02:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Cláudia Monteiro Fernandes.pdf: 882693 bytes, checksum: 80b4741ababca40551ce7982dbccb67a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T12:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cláudia Monteiro Fernandes.pdf: 882693 bytes, checksum: 80b4741ababca40551ce7982dbccb67a (MD5) / As transformações recentes no mundo do trabalho agravaram bastante as dificuldades tradicionais para o ingresso no mercado de trabalho, remetendo os jovens a ocupações vulneráveis, quando não ao desemprego. Este trabalho discute a participação dos jovens no mercado de trabalho na contemporaneidade do Brasil e de suas principais regiões metropolitanas, explicitando as desigualdades regionais entre elas. A inserção dos jovens no mundo do trabalho se dá primeiramente em decorrência da pobreza de boa parte dos domicílios , como estratégia de sobrevivência. Além disso, elementos como o desejo de autonomia, o significado do consumo como forma de pertencimento do jovem a seu grupo social, o valor cultural simbólico do trabalho, associados à escola pouco atraente, de baixa qualidade e distante da realidade dos jovens, principalmente dos mais pobres. Predomina para os jovens a vulnerabilidade ocupacional, com longas jornadas e baixos rendimentos, o desemprego ou "desfiliação", formando contingentes de jovens que não trabalham, não estudam e nem procuram trabalho, sujeitos ao risco social de marginalização e violência.

This thesis studies the cyclical aspect of job polarization in Europe. Contributions include offering a comparison to the findings of previous research on the United States, and extending the analysis by introducing labor market institutions. The analysis is done in two parts, first showing that the observed link between job polarization and jobless recoveries in the US is observed in Europe, but not across all countries and business cycles. In Scandinavia, the process of job polarization appears smoother than the spurts observed in the US. The second part involves regression analyses of the relationship between labor market institutions, the business cycle and occupational employment. The results indicate that stricter labor market institutions are less robustly associated with Routine employment than other occupational groups and that Routine employment is more sensitive to the business cycle than other types of employment. Further, rigid labor market institutions may prevent some of the Routine decline associated with economic downturns, while not necessarily affecting the long run employment. Limitations of the analysis regards rough estimates of the key variables, number of observations and the lack of identification associated with cross-country analyses.

This thesis project examined underemployment at the state and national levels. Underemployment is the inability of highly skilled migrants with degrees from their home countries to enter the workforce in the receiving country. Pending and enacted legislation was analyzed at the state level to determine in which ways the state of Oregon can implement similar policies to effectively incorporate underemployed immigrants into the state workforce. This project utilized primary data sources at the state and federal level, migrant interviews were used as illustrations of the barriers that exist for underemployed migrants, and secondary data sources from the fields of economics, social sciences, political sciences, and population studies were utilized to provide an understanding of how underemployment is addressed at the national level. Overall, my research found underemployed professional migrants are greatly underutilized, which translates into missed economic opportunities for individual migrants and for the United States as a whole.

Ett hett omdebatterat ämne just nu är hur vi från Sveriges sida kan öka antalet sysselsatta invandrare. En grupp som i större grad behöver ta sig in på arbetsmarknaden för att möjliggöra att Sverige fortsatt kan behålla den välfärd som finns tillgänglig för medborgarna, utan att höja skatterna. Den här studien fokuserade på upplevelserna av hur en utvald kommuns arbete med att tillvarata kompetensen i gruppen av invandrare fungerar ur ett organisatoriskt perspektiv. Upplevelserna ställdes mot kommunens riktlinjer och mål för hur organisationen ska fungera i det tidigare nämnda arbetet. För att teoretiskt analysera det material som har framkommit i studien har en kombination av Anthony Giddens teori om ontologisk trygghet, Pierre Bourdieus fältteori och Malin Lindelöws resonemang rörande kompetensförsörjning tillämpats. Studien har genomförts utifrån en kvalitativ forskningmodell. Den kvalitativa metoden som har tillämpats grundar sig på nio intervjuer som har utförts med hjälp av en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Vidare är den slutledningsmodell som har tillämpats i studien induktiv, men med abduktiva inslag. Den kvalitativa modellen användes i studien för att möjliggöra en djupare förståelse för de upplevelser som informanterna berättade om. I studien av den utvalda kommunens arbete med att tillvarata kompetensen hos invandrare framträder brister i arbetet. De brister som framträder rör avvikelser från egna riktlinjer och mål i hur kommunens arbete ska fungera och hur det verkligen fungerar i praktiken. Bristerna rör även det valideringsarbete som bedrivs och endast fokuserar på specifika yrkesområden. Vidare upplevs det finnas en uppfattning om att invandrare ska anvisas mot de områden som har brist på personal. Trots att kompetenserna som återfinns hos den specifika individen kanske kommer till bättre användning i ett annat yrkesområde. Som ett uppslag till vidare forskning skulle invandrares motivation gentemot arbetsmarknaden i stort samt kommunen i synnerhet vara intressant att undersöka. / An often debated topic at the moment is how we can increase the number of immigrant amongst the work force. A group that needs to increase their numbers in the labor marker to enable Sweden to retain the welfare that is available to citizens, without raising the taxes. This study focused on the experiences of how a chosen municipality’s work to utilize the competence in the group of immigrants from an organizational perspective. The experiences were compared to the municipality’s guidelines and goals for how the organization should function and how it did function in practice. To theoretically analyze the material that has been collected in the study, a combination of Anthony Gidden's theory of ontological safety, Pierre Bourdieus field theory and Malin Lindelöw's reasoning regarding competence management have been applied. The study has been conducted using a qualitative research model. The qualitative method that has been applied is based on nine interviews that have been conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Furthermore, the inference model that has been applied in the study is inductive, but with abductive elements. The qualitative model was used in the study to enable a deeper understanding of the experiences that the informants described. In the study of the municipality’s work with utilizing the competence of the immigrant’s shortcoming in their work appeared. Deviations from their own guidelines and goals in how their work should function and how it did function in practice. The shortcomings also concern the validation work being conducted and how it only focused on specific parts of the labor market. Furthermore, the result shows that the immigrants are being directed to areas of the labor market lacking personal. Even though the skills found in the particular individual may come to better use in another profession.