Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-10T13:14:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Emanuell Felipe Beserra da Silva.pdf: 411741 bytes, checksum: bc52ae73b30a1e2f1b60236283006192 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T13:14:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Emanuell Felipe Beserra da Silva.pdf: 411741 bytes, checksum: bc52ae73b30a1e2f1b60236283006192 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation consisted of two studies and was divided into two papers, the first evaluated the influence of the addition of probiotic Bacillus spp. in the larviculture of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, while the second compared the use of probiotic and antibiotic in the postlarvae culture of the species. For the first study, three experiments were performed: (I) Nauplios4-5 to Zoea3, where they were exposed to probiotic through water (Pw), microalgae (Pm), water and microalgae (Pwm) and control without probiotic (C); (II) Mysis1 to Mysis3, exposed to probiotic through the water (Pw), Artemia (Pa), water and Artemia (Pwa) and control (C) and (III) PL1 to PL10,subject to the same treatments of experiment II. The water quality parameters showed no significant differences among treatments of each experiment. In general, the weight and survival of shrimp in the treatments with probiotic were significantly higher compared with controls in experiments I and II, but this difference was not observed among treatments of experiment III. The concentration of Vibrio spp. both in the water and postlarvae in experiment III was significantly higher in control compared with treatments with the use of probiotic. Already in experiments I and II, the concentration of Vibrio spp. in the water did not differ among treatments, however, Mysis3 larvae treated with probiotic had a lower concentration of Vibrio spp. compared with the control. In the second study, postlarvae (PL1 to PL10) were cultured in three treatments, corresponding to a biological treatment (TB), which was added probiotic Bacillus spp., chemical treatment (TQ) with the addition of antibiotic (erythromycin) and a control (TC), without both products in the culture water. The water quality parameters, as well as the zootechnical performance of postlarvae (weight, total length and survival) did not differ among treatments. However, the final concentrations of Vibrio spp. both in the culture water and postlarvae were significantly reduced with the use of probiotic (TB) in relation to other treatments. Based on the results obtained in the two studies, suggested that the use of probiotic Bacillus spp. in the larviculture of shrimp L. vannamei can provide an increase in the growth and survival of animals, but mainly provides a reduction in the concentration of Vibrio spp. in the culture system. Furthermore, the use of probiotic has great potential to replace the use of antibiotic in the culture of L. vannamei postlarvae. / A presente dissertação foi composta por dois estudos e dividida em dois artigos científicos, o primeiro avaliou a influência da adição do probiótico Bacillus spp. na larvicultura do camarão branco Litopenaeus vannamei, enquanto o segundo comparou a utilização de probiótico e antibiótico no cultivo de pós-larvas da espécie. Para o primeiro estudo, foram realizados três experimentos: (I) Nauplios4-5 a Zoea3, onde foram expostos ao probiótico através da água (Pw), microalga (Pm), água e microalga (Pwm) e controle sem probiótico (C); (II) Mísis1 a Mísis3, expostos ao probiótico através da água (Pw), Artemia (Pa), água e Artemia (Pwa) e controle (C) e (III) PL1 a PL10, submetidos aos mesmos tratamentos do experimento II. Os parâmetros de qualidade de água não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos de cada experimento. Em geral, o peso e sobrevivência dos camarões nos tratamentos com probiótico foram significativamente superiores em comparação aos controles nos experimentos I e II, porém esta diferença não foi observada entre os tratamentos do experimento III. A concentração de Vibrio spp. tanto na água quanto nas pós-larvas no experimento III foi significativamente maior no controle comparado com os tratamentos com uso de probiótico. Já nos experimentos I e II, a concentração de Vibrio spp. na água não diferiu entre os tratamentos, entretanto, as larvas Mísis3 tratadas com probiótico apresentaramu ma menor concentração de Vibrio spp. comparadas com o controle. No segundo estudo, póslarvas (PL1 a PL10) foram cultivadas em três tratamentos, correspondendo a um tratamento biológico (TB), onde foi adicionado probiótico Bacillus spp., tratamento químico (TQ), com adição de antibiótico (eritromicina) e um tratamento controle (TC), sem ambos os produtos na água de cultivo. Os parâmetros de qualidade de água, assim como o desempenho zootécnico das pós-larvas (peso, comprimento total e sobrevivência) não diferiram entre os tratamentos.Entretanto, as concentrações finais de Vibrio spp. tanto na água de cultivo como nas póslarvas foram reduzidas significativamente com a utilização de probiótico (TB) em relação aos outros tratamentos. Com base nos resultados obtidos nos dois estudos, sugere-se que o uso do probiótico Bacillus spp. na larvicultura do camarão L. vannamei pode proporcionar um incremento no crescimento e sobrevivência dos animais, mas principalmente possibilita uma redução na concentração de Vibrio spp. no sistema de cultivo. Além disso, o emprego do probiótico tem grande potencial para substituir o uso de antibiótico no cultivo de pós-larvas de L. vannamei.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais_ Sobjak.pdf: 1847698 bytes, checksum: 24153036e5d148ad4316a83db73814fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The advancement of agricultural techniques has enabled improvement and greater productivity, but also made the use of agrochemicals and inadequate in promoting exaggerated acute effects to non-target species. The pesticides are agents of greatest potential in degradation of aquatic environments, since, through the flood of agricultural areas, flowing organic or inorganic substances, natural or synthetic. Among the pesticides most used currently, include the non-selective herbicide glyphosate and organophosphorus compounds. To understand and prevent the damage caused to the environment, researchers have used multiple biomarkers as an effective tool for evaluation of environmental contamination. This study was divided into two studies: a manipulative experiment and other natural. The first study aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effects and about the system in larvae of Rhamdia quelen exposed to sublethal concentration of glyphosate. In this study it was possible to conclude that, in spite of the animals exposed to glyphosate having highest percentage of survival, there was an early induction of cholinesterase activity and antioxidant system, followed by the difficulty of maintaining the activities of antioxidant system in later times, resulting in a greater injury at the cellular level. The stress that animals suffer when they are exposed to the herbicide glyphosate causes a change in your metabolism being characteristic of elastic resistance. In the second study, the objective was to evaluate changes in antioxidant system and neurotoxic R. branneri present in streams with different levels of environmental contamination during autumn and winter. In this analysis, the response of biomarkers is related to the temporal variation, and possibly the exposure of these animals to pesticides. With the results obtained showed that the local biota responded differently in each season, signaling that the fauna is in contact with oxidizing agents and cholinesterasic in the period of autumn, when there is increased frequency of planting and use of pesticides / O avanço das técnicas agrícolas possibilitou melhoria e maior produtividade de alimentos, mas também fez com que o uso exacerbado e inadequado de agroquímicos promovesse efeitos agudos a espécies não-alvo. Os agrotóxicos são os agentes de maior potencial na degradação dos ambientes aquáticos, já que, por meio do deflúvio superficial de áreas agrícolas, escoam substâncias orgânicas ou inorgânicas, naturais ou sintéticas. Dentre os agrotóxicos mais utilizados atualmente pode-se citar o herbicida não-seletivo glifosato e compostos organofosforados. Para se compreender e prevenir os danos causados ao ambiente, pesquisadores têm utilizado múltiplos biomarcadores como uma ferramenta eficaz para avaliação de contaminação ambiental. O presente estudo foi dividido em dois estudos: um experimento manipulativo e outro natural. O primeiro estudo teve por objetivo investigar os efeitos neurotóxicos e sobre o sistema em larvas de Rhamdia quelen expostas a concentração subletal de glifosato. Neste estudo foi possível concluir que, apesar dos animais expostos ao glifosato terem maior porcentagem de sobrevivência, ocorreu uma indução precoce da atividade colinesterásica e do sistema antioxidante, seguido da dificuldade de manutenção das atividades do sistema antioxidante nos horários posteriores, resultando em uma maior lesão ao nível celular. O estresse que os animais sofreram ao serem expostos ao herbicida glifosato provoca uma alteração no seu metabolismo sendo característica de resistência elástica. No segundo estudo, o objetivo proposto foi avaliar alterações neurotóxicas e do sistema antioxidante em R. branneri presentes em riachos com diferentes níveis de contaminação ambiental nos períodos de outono e inverno. Nesta análise, a resposta dos biomarcadores está relacionada à variação temporal, e possivelmente à exposição desses animais à agrotóxicos. Com os resultados obtidos observou-se que, a biota local respondeu de forma diferente em cada estação, sinalizando que a fauna está em contato com agentes oxidantes e colinesterásicos no período de outono, quando há maior frequência de plantio e uso de agrotóxicos

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-08-09T13:34:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MESTRADO_LEILALAISE.pdf: 1763156 bytes, checksum: 413491e06eb1b6bbe4b88cc82def5cd5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T13:34:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MESTRADO_LEILALAISE.pdf: 1763156 bytes, checksum: 413491e06eb1b6bbe4b88cc82def5cd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-14 / CAPES / A produção de pescado no Brasil cresce em ritmo acelerado, devido principalmente ao desenvolvimento da aquicultura. No entanto, alguns setores da aquicultura, como a larvicultura, ainda apresentam entraves que limitam a produção de espécies promissoras para o cultivo. Dentre os problemas a serem solucionados é possível citar a demanda por alimento vivo ou inerte para aprimorar a produção durante a fase de larvicultura. A espécie Dendrocephalus brasiliensis tem sido alvo de estudos que objetivam conhecer mais detalhadamente o ciclo de vida para a sua utilização como alimento vivo e/ou inerte para o cultivo de organismos aquáticos buscando abordagens que promovam a eficiência de eclosão dos náuplios. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de cistos em condições experimentais e a ação enzimática da quitinase comparado com tratamentos químicos tradicionais no processo de eclosão de náuplios de branchoneta (D. brasiliensis). No ensaio experimental 1, foram testadas concentrações de 0,02mg/mL, 0,1mg/mL e 0,2mg/mL de quitinase comercial em 20 mg de cistos, obtendo a concentração ideal de eclosão a 0,2mg/mL com 88% de eficiência de eclosão. Assim, esta concentração foi utilizada no ensaio experimental 2 e consistiu de um controle (com água destilada) e cinco tratamentos com três réplicas: submetido à quitinase (T1), Hidróxido de cálcio (T2), ácido ascórbico (T3), hidróxido de cálcio e ácido ascórbico (T4) e com hidróxido de cálcio, ácido ascórbico e quitinase (T5). As concentrações de hidróxido de cálcio (HC) e ácido ascórbico (AA) foram estabelecidas de acordo com os resultados de melhor taxa de eclosão relatados na literatura. O T5 apresentou maior eficiência de eclosão (96%) estatisticamente, quando comparado aos demais tratamentos, possibilitando o uso desta enzima juntamente com HC e AA para elaboração de um protocolo de eclosão eficiente. Os resultados deste estudo certamente criarão mais subsídios tecnológicos para o estabelecimento da branchoneta como alimento vivo em cultivos de animais aquáticos. / The fisheries production in Brazil grows in a fast pace due to the aquaculture development. However, some aquaculture sectors, such as the larviculture, have presented some issues which affect the production of species that are really valuable to the cultivation. Among the problems to be solved, it’s possible to mention the live or inert food demand used to improve the production during the larviculture stage. The Dendrocephalus brasiliensis has been the subject of some recent studies that aim to find out its biology and use as live and/or inert food to cultivate aquatic organisms. One of the studied approaches is to increase the efficiency of the nauplii hatching which presents the major delicate lifespan factor of this animal. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to evaluate the enzymatic action of the chitinase when compared with traditional chemical treatments in the brachoneta nauplii (D. brasiliensis) hatching process. In the first test, it was tested concentrations of 0.02mg/mL, 0.1mg/mL e 0.2mg/mL of commercial chitinase in 20mg of cyst, which resulted the ideal concentration to hatch at 0.2mg/mL with 88% of hatching efficiency. Thus, this concentration was used in the second test and consisted of a control (with distilled water) and five treatments with three replicas: subjected to chitinase (T1), calcium hydroxide (T2), ascorbic acid (T3), calcium hydroxide and ascorbic acid (T4), and calcium hydroxide, ascorbic acid and chitinase (T5). The concentrations of the calcium hydroxide (HC) and ascorbic acid (AA) were established according to the results of best hatching rate described in the literature. The T5 presented a higher hatching efficiency (96%) statistically, when compared to only the use of chitinase, enabling the use of this enzyme combined with HC and AA for the development of an efficient hatching protocol. The results of this study willcreate more technical supportfor the establishment of branchoneta as live feed in cultivations of aquatic animals.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_diones_bender_almeida.pdf: 702296 bytes, checksum: 79cdf77bf0f5d2b12aa8fc733442f59d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most significant species of the current fish farming. All knowledge related to the reproductive behavior of this species is important for defining some selection criteria as well as a better understanding of their reproductive characteristics. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the spermatic characteristics of the semen, together with the reproductive acting of females of three different strains of Nile tilapia (Supreme, Premium Aquabel and Chitralada). These evaluations are necessary before establishing genetic breeding program for the species, in order to determine what kind of selection criteria will be used. The collections of data related to the reproducers of both sexes were taken in the Aquabel Pisciculture Station, located in Rolândia/PR. Thirty males were used in the seminal evaluation and seventy five females in the reproductive evaluation of each strain. The reproduction of the females was observed for seven weeks through weekly collections. It was evaluated parameters as volume of eggs/spawing, number and weight of eggs/female, number of eggs/Kg of fish, hatching rates, percentage of females that had not spawned, porcentage of spawning/week, more than two spawning during the seven weeks, average of the spawnings in chronological order and the frequency of spawnings. Of the evaluated strains, the PA presented higher averages for all of the parameters morfometrics and for great majority of the appraised reproductive parameters. As the male influence is as important as for the female in the reproductive process, it was aimed to identify by certain variables, productive and reproductive indexes in the semen that could be selected. Among them it can be mentioned the pH, semen collection, velocity and type of movement, motility, concentration, spermatic viability and integrity of membrane, mitochondrial and DNA. Looking for to identify the line to gather the largest number of desirable characteristics for cultivation, SUP is highlighted by presenting better results for great majority of these parameters. All these variables, for both males and females, are fundamental because in the fertilization process it is necessary that they have good quality. After the choice of these variables it would be possible to identify, among the worked strains, the more appropriate ones for the implantation of a future genetic breeding program. / A tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) é uma das espécies mais significativas da piscicultura atual. Todo conhecimento relativo ao comportamento reprodutivo dessa espécie é importante para se definirem determinados critérios de seleção assim como uma melhor compreensão de suas características reprodutivas. Para isso, este projeto de pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as características espermáticas do sêmen, juntamente com o desempenho reprodutivo de fêmeas de três diferentes linhagens de tilápias do Nilo (Supreme, Premium Aquabel e Chitralada). Essas avaliações são necessárias antes de se estabelecer um programa de melhoramento genético para essa espécie, a fim de determinar que tipos de critérios de seleção serão utilizados. As coletas de dados relacionados aos reprodutores de ambos os sexos foram realizadas na Estação de Piscicultura Aquabel, localizada no município de Rolândia/PR. Foram utilizados 30 machos na avaliação seminal e 75 fêmeas na avaliação reprodutiva de cada linhagem. A reprodução das fêmeas foi realizada durante sete semanas através de coletas semanais, onde se avaliou parâmetros como volume de ovos/desova, número e peso de ovos/fêmea, número de ovos/Kg de peixe, taxa de eclosão, porcentagem de fêmeas que não desovaram, porcentagem de desovas/semana, mais de duas desovas durante as sete semanas, média das desovas em ordem cronológica e frequência de desovas. Das linhagens avaliadas a PA apresentou médias consideradas superiores para todos os parâmetros morfométricos e para grande maioria dos parâmetros reprodutivos avaliados. Como a influência do macho é tão importante quanto à da fêmea no processo reprodutivo, buscou-se identificar através de determinadas variáveis, índices produtivos e reprodutivos no sêmen, que pudessem ser selecionados. Dentre eles podemos citar o pH, coloração, velocidade e tipo de movimentação, motilidade, concentração, viabilidade espermática e integridades de membrana, mitocôndria e DNA. Buscando identificar a linhagem que reunisse o maior número de características desejáveis ao cultivo, a SUP se destacou por apresentar melhores resultados para grande maioria desses parâmetros. Todas essas variáveis, tanto nos machos como nas fêmeas, são fundamentais de serem estudadas porque no processo de fertilização é necessário que as mesmas apresentem boa qualidade. Somente após a escolha dessas variáveis é que podemos identificar, dentre as linhagens trabalhadas, aquela (s) mais adequada (s) para a implantação de um futuro programa de melhoramento genético.

The heavy reliance on live feeds is currently restricting the growth and sustainability of the aquaculture industry, therefore, the overall goal of this research was to improve the utilization of formulated dry diets at first feeding of larval fish. This was done with a specific focus on the production and provision of the optimal dietary protein form and composition. Chapter 2 aimed to provide an efficient protein source for larval fish by using same-species muscle and endogenous enzymes to produce hydrolysates and by providing a series of diets with increasing molecular weight protein fragments through larval development. Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) (LMB) muscle was mixed with the digestive enzymes from adult LMB and hydrolyzed for 1.5, 3, and 6 h, respectively. Five diets were produced, an intact diet containing non-hydrolyzed muscle and four diets with 37% muscle hydrolysate inclusion. The molecular weight profile of those diets were formulated to vary based on the inclusion level of each hydrolysate. To account for gut development, one group of larval LMB was fed a weekly series of diets with an increasing molecular weight profile. The initial inclusion of the hydrolysates significantly improved the total length of the larval LMB; however, neither the hydrolysate inclusion nor the series of dietary molecular weight profiles improved the overall growth of larval LMB. The inclusion of hydrolysates significantly decreased the occurrence of skeletal deformities. The results from this study suggest that the inclusion of same-species hydrolysates can improve the initial growth of first-feeding LMB, but further research is necessary to determine the optimal molecular weight profile, hydrolysate inclusion level, and physical properties of feeds to improve the overall growth performance during the larval stage. Chapter 3 compared the effect of dietary inclusion of a fish muscle hydrolysate produced from species-specific muscle and enzymes to hydrolysates produced from those of a different species, in diets for larval Walleye (Sander vitreus). Four intact and hydrolyzed protein products were produced from each combination of Walleye muscle and endogenous enzymes, and muscle and endogenous enzymes from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The hydrolyzed products were continuously mixed for 3 h during the hydrolysis, (at 22oC and 28oC for Walleye and Tilapia enzymes, respectively), and the pH was adjusted throughout the process to mimic gastric and intestinal digestion conditions. Four diets were produced with the dietary protein supplied as a 50/50 ratio of the intact and hydrolyzed muscle from the respective muscle/enzyme combination. There was a significant interaction effect between muscle and enzyme source on the growth of larval Walleye. At the conclusion of the study, the larval Walleye that received the diet with muscle hydrolysate produced with Walleye muscle and Walleye endogenous enzymes had a significantly higher average weight than all other groups, and significantly higher postprandial levels of total free amino acids and indispensable amino acids in the muscle. Each hydrolysate-based diet led to a significant reduction in skeletal deformities and survival, compared to a group fed with a commercial diet. The results from this study suggest that species-specific muscle and enzymes produce a more optimal dietary protein source for larval fish than non-species-specific products, but further research should focus on improving the physical properties of the formulated diets to improve survival of fish larvae. Chapter 4 proposed a practical controlled hydrolysis method to utilize the endogenous enzymes within the fish body for the breakdown of tissues proteins, and to produce a species-specific meal that is tailored to the nutritional requirements and absorptive capacity of fish larvae. Four Zebrafish (Danio rerio) meals were produced from whole-body adult Zebrafish, three hydrolysates that were hydrolyzed for 1, 2, and 3 h, respectively, and an unhydrolyzed meal. From these meals, three diets were produced, each defined by their supply of dietary protein. The Unhydro diet was solely based on the unhydrolyzed Zebrafish meal. The 50% Hydro diet was based on 50% Zebrafish hydrolysate mix and 50% unhydrolyzed Zebrafish meal. The 100% Hydro diet was 100% based on the Zebrafish meal hydrolysate. The hydrolysate mix contained equal parts of the 1, 2, and 3 h hydrolysates. Proteomic analysis showed that the proposed hydrolysis method was able to efficiently hydrolyze the protein within Zebrafish body. The feeding trial found no significant differences in the final weight, total length, or survival between the Unhydro, 50% Hydro, and 100% Hydro groups, but the 50% Hydro group did express a significant upregulation of PepT1 at 24 h after feeding, compared to the Unhydro group. The growth results paired with PepT1 gene expression potentially indicate Zebrafish larvae to be adapted to dry feeds at first feeding and able to utilize dietary protein in different molecular forms efficiently for growth. Overall, the proposed hydrolysis method provides a practical and cost-effective approach to producing species-specific fishmeal hydrolysates. Further research is necessary to determine whether the produced hydrolysates can improve the growth of larval fish in other fish models. Further insight into behavioral and physiological responses in fish to imbalanced dietary amino acid profiles was provided in Chapter 5. The objective of this study was to determine how stomachless fish respond to diets deficient in the main limiting IDAA (lysine, methionine, and threonine), using Zebrafish as a model species. Six semi-purified diets were formulated for this study. The CG diet contained casein and gelatin as its only protein sources, while FAA50 diet had 50% of is dietary protein supplied with crystalline amino acids. Both were formulated to contain identical, balanced amino acid profiles. The remaining diets were supplied with the same amino acid mix as the FAA50 diet, but with minor adjustments to create deficiencies of the selected IDAA. The (-) Lys, (-) Met, and (-) Thr diets had lysine, methionine, and threonine withheld from the free amino acid (FAA) mix, respectively, and the Def diet was deficient in all three. The fish were fed to apparent satiation three times a day, and each feeding was carefully observed to ensure all feed added to the tanks was consumed. The results showed that although the singular deficiency of the three main limiting amino acids did not induce significant changes in feed intake, the combined deficiency of the three IDAA significantly increased the feed intake of juvenile Zebrafish. This increased feed intake prevented the IDAA deficiencies from significantly reducing growth, however, the feeding efficiency was also reduced. There was also an observed upregulation of neuropeptide Y (NPY), an orexigenic hormone, in the Def group, compared to the FAA50 group. The outcomes of this study provide insight into the behavioral and physiological response to dietary amino acid imbalances of stomachless fish and suggests stomachless fish increase their feed intake when challenged with IDAA-deficient diets, and that the regulation of NPY might play a role in this response. Chapter 6 assessed the postprandial FAA dynamics in the plasma, liver, and muscle of three species; 1) Largemouth Bass – warm-water, stomach-possessing carnivorous species; 2) Walleye – cool-water, stomach-possessing carnivorous species; and 3) Zebrafish– tropical, stomachless omnivorous species. Two diets were formulated for this study, a diet based on intact casein and gelatin (CG), and a diet with 50% of its protein supplied in FAA form (FAA50). Forty-two fish from each species were utilized, with one group of 21 receiving the CG diet, and the other 21 receiving the FAA50 diet. All fish were starved for 24 hours prior to the final feeding before sampling. Three fish were sampled at each time point, with three samples (plasma, liver, and muscle) taken from each fish. Samples were taken prior to feeding (0 h) and then at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 h after feeding, for all species. A significant three-way interaction was observed between the diet, species, and postprandial time on the total FAA, IDAA, and DAA levels in the plasma, liver, and muscle, indicating that the postprandial FAA patterns were significantly different between species and in response to the different diets. In stomach-possessing species, dietary amino acids from the FAA50 diet were absorbed more rapidly than those from the CG diet, resulting in fewer correlations with the dietary IDAA profiles. The absorption of FAA in cool-water Walleye was more gradual and prolonged than the warm-water LMB, leading to more significant correlations with the dietary IDAA and more sustained peaks. The postprandial peaks of FAA typically occurred at the same time in the stomachless Zebrafish fed with the CG or FAA50 diet. The levels of FAA were noticeably lower after feeding with the FAA50 diet in Zebrafish, compared to the CG diet. These results provide a reference for differences in the FAA dynamic patterns of three species with differing physiological characteristics, when fed diets with intact protein or supplemented with FAA. The findings presented in this dissertation provide support and novel methods for the production and inclusion of species-specific protein hydrolysates as an ideal protein source in formulated diets for first-feeding larval fish. This research contributes to the development of larval diets that can release the limitations of growth placed on the aquaculture industry by the reliance on live feeds, particularly within the hatchery sector. This research also provides further understanding of dietary protein utilization and delivers new fish nutrition knowledge that will benefit the aquaculture industry as a whole.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-09-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ayres_tjs_me_jabo.pdf: 328952 bytes, checksum: 037a5b1eecf4f2ffc15c95bde11bf67f (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes fontes e manejos alimentares para a produção de larvas e juvenis de pintado em sistema intensivo, utilizando-se dietas vivas e formuladas. Com as informações de desempenho e sobrevivência obtidas, foi realizada uma análise econômica para as etapas de larvicultura e de treinamento alimentar dos juvenis. O experimento foi dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram realizados dois tratamentos que variaram de acordo com o tipo de alimento vivo fornecido para as larvas de pintado: náuplios de Artemia (Na) ou plâncton selvagem (Ps). Os resultados de peso (Na= 0,0972g; Ps= O,Ol56g), sobrevivência (Na= 27,48%; Ps= 1,94%) e da análise econômica mostraram que os náuplios de Artemia são mais eficientes para a alimentação inicial das larvas de pintado. Na segunda etapa foram testados: duas fontes de alimento vivo (náuplios de Artemia - tratamento NaCo - ou larvas forrageiras - tratamento PxCo), juntamente com treinamento alimentar em que foram fornecidas misturas contendo coração bovino e dieta formulada; alimentação exclusiva com quantidades crescentes de náuplios de Artemia (tratamento Na+); e dietas formuladas secas ou úmidas. Os resultados de desempenho, taxa de canibalismo e taxa de mortalidade mostraram a necessidade e a eficiência do treinamento alimentar para os juvenis de pintado. O peso e o comprimento dos animais treinados foi estatisticamente maior (P<0,05) do que os apresentados pelos animais que não passaram por esse processo. A sobrevivência observada nos juvenis que receberam exclusivamente náuplios até o fim do experimento (Na+= 89%) foi superior aos demais tratamentos; porém, o mesmo não foi observado com o crescimento. A taxa de canibalismo observada (Na+= 4,42%) mostrou que o fornecimento exclusivo de náuplios... / The present study had the objective to evaluate different feeding techniques in the production of larvae and juvenile of spotted surubin in an intensive system, utilizing live and formulated diets. An economic analysis was done for each phase of the experiment with the information gathered on performance and survival. The experiment was divided in two phases. The first phase consisted of two treatments, which varied accordingly to the type of live diet supplied to the spotted surubin larvae: Artemia nauplii (Na) or wild plankton (Ps). The results of weight (Na = 0.0972g; Ps = 0.0156g), survival (Na = 27.48%; Ps = 1.94%) and the economic analysis showed that the Artemia nauplii is more efficient as live diet for spotted surubin larvae. The second phase tested two types of live diet plus feed training, Artemia nauplii (NaCo treatment) and foraging larvae (PxCo treatment); increasing quantities of Artemia nauplii (Na+ treatment); and abrupt weaning to formulated diet containing different moisture levels. The results on performance, cannibalism rate and mortality rate showed the need of efficiency on feed training of the spotted surubin juvenile. The weight and the length of the trained animals were statistically higher (P<0.05) than the animals that did not undergo feed training. The survival rate observed with juveniles that received exclusively nauplii until the end of the experiment (Na+ = 89%) was higher than the other treatments; however, the growth was not satisfactory. ln the same treatment (Na+), the rate of cannibalism observed (Na+ = 4.42%) showed that the exclusive supply of nauplii provided a uniform growth between the juveniles, diminishing the chances of cannibalism. The profit obtained with the sale of the animals (classified by the total length and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-11-09T10:53:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Philipe Parreiras Horta de Seixas.pdf: 1628187 bytes, checksum: d31c041a1ff12f0800060ca43a9e61f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T10:53:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Philipe Parreiras Horta de Seixas.pdf: 1628187 bytes, checksum: d31c041a1ff12f0800060ca43a9e61f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The purpose of the present study is to improve the techniques in the nutrition of Ucides cordatus larvae, one of the most commercially exploited resources on Brazilian?s mangroves. For such, three experiments were performed, evaluating different diets on Ucides cordatus larval development. The ovigerous females were collected by a professional crab-man, on Barra de Guaratiba mangroves, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, near the hatching period and taken to the Laborat?rio de Cultivo de Algas e Zoopl?ncton (LACAZ) of the Esta??o Experimental de Aquicultura Almirante Paulo Moreira (EEAAPM)/FIPERJ, for spawning. On experiments 1 and 2, the objective was to evaluate the replacement of the live food for a commercial formulated diet for shrimp (Larval Z Plus/Zeigler) on the development of the larvae in the zoea I stage until the megalopa (experiment 1) and from the megalopa stage to juvenile (experiment 2). On experiment 1, after 15 days, the first megalopas occurred in every treatment and the larvae survival was on average 30.1?11.8%, without significant difference between live food, mixed and commercial formulated diet treatments. Also, there was no significant difference in final survival between larvae fed with live food (13.5%), mixed (9.3%), and feed (5.5%). On experiment 2, there was no survival in the treatments whereby larvae were fed only with feed. The first juvenile occurred on the treatment with Artemia nauplii, on the 10th day. The final survival rates with Artemia treatments and mixed were of 33.3% and 8.3%, respectively. According to the chi-square test, the survival was independent of the type of food (Artemia and mixed). On experiment 3, the objetive was to evaluate Ucides cordatus larvae development from zoea I to the megalopa metamorphosis with the microalgae: Rhodomonas sp., Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri. The task was performed on individual cultures with 15 repetitions and semi-static system. First megalopas occurred on the 19th day in all of the treatments. The highest survival rate was observed on the treatment with Rhodomonas sp. (43%) followed by I. galbana (23%) and C. muelleri (13%), presenting significant difference (p>0,05) between only Rhodomonas sp. and C. muelleri treatements. Based on the results displayed, thereby concluded on experiment 1, despite not having been observed significant difference between the treatments, feed diet can be indicated as a more advantageous alternative on larval phases (zoea I to megalopa) by reducing risks and cost with live food production and providing more facility on management. On experiment 2, the diet exclusively with Artemia sp. was the most indicated for megalopa phase by promoting better rates of survival and a faster larval development. On experiment 3, the microalgae species Rhodamonas sp. and Isochrysis galbana were the most indicated ones for larviculture of U. cordatus, being necessary other studies in larger scale conditions in order to confirm this task results / A finalidade do presente estudo foi aprimorar as t?cnicas na alimenta??o de larvas do Ucides cordatus caranguejo-u??, um dos recursos mais explorados comercialmente nos manguezais brasileiros. Para isso, foram realizados tr?s experimentos avaliando diferentes dietas no desenvolvimento larval do caranguejo-u??. As f?meas ov?geras foram coletadas por um caranguejeiro profissional, nos manguezais de Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, pr?ximo ao per?odo de eclos?o, e levadas ao Laborat?rio de Cultivo de Algas e Zoopl?ncton (LACAZ) da Esta??o Experimental de Aquicultura Almirante Paulo Moreira (EEAAPM)/FIPERJ, para desova. Nos experimentos 1 e 2, o objetivo foi avaliar a substitui??o do alimento vivo por uma dieta formulada comercial para camar?o (Larval Z Plus/Zeigler) no desenvolvimento das larvas do estagio de zoea I at? megalopa (experimento 1) e do est?gio de megalopa para juvenil (experimento 2). No experimento 1, ap?s 15 dias ocorreram as primeiras megalopas em todos os tratamentos e a sobreviv?ncia de larvas durante esse per?odo foi em m?dia 30,1?11,8% sem diferen?a significativa entre os tratamentos alimento vivo, misto e dieta formulada comercial. Tamb?m n?o houve diferen?a significativa na sobreviv?ncia final entre larvas alimentadas com alimento vivo (13,5%), misto (9,3%) e ra??o (5,5%). No experimento 2, n?o houve sobreviv?ncia nos tratamentos em que as larvas foram alimentadas somente com ra??o. O primeiro juvenil ocorreu no tratamento com n?uplios de Artemia, no 10? dia. As taxas finais de sobreviv?ncia com os tratamentos Artemia e misto foram de 33,3% e 8,3% respectivamente. Segundo o teste qui-quadrado, a sobreviv?ncia foi independente do tipo de alimento (Artemia e misto). No experimento 3, o objetivo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento larval do caranguejo-u??, de zoea I at? a metamorfose para megalopa com as microalgas: Rhodomonas sp., Isochrysis galbana e Chaetoceros muelleri. O trabalho foi realizado em cultivos individuais com 15 repeti??es e sistema semi-est?tico. As primeiras megalopas ocorreram no 19? dia em todos os tratamentos. A maior taxa de sobreviv?ncia foi observada no tratamento com Rhodomonas sp. (43%) seguido da I. galbana (23%) e C. muelleri (13%), apresentando diferen?a significativa (p<0,05) somente entre os tratamentos Rhodomonas sp. e C. muelleri. Com base nos resultados apresentados, conclui-se no experimento 1, que apesar de n?o ter sido observada diferen?a significativa entre os tratamentos, a alimenta??o com ra??o pode ser indicada como uma alternativa mais vantajosa nas fases larvais (zoea I at? megalopa) por diminuir os riscos e o custo com a produ??o de alimento vivo e proporcionar maior facilidade no manejo. No experimento 2, a dieta exclusivamente com Artemia sp. foi a mais indicada para a fase de megalopa por promover melhor taxa de sobreviv?ncia e um desenvolvimento larval mais r?pido. No experimento 3, as esp?cies de microalgas Rhodomonas sp e Isochrysis galbana foram as mais indicadas para larvicultura de U. cordatus, sendo necess?rio outros estudos em escalas maiores, para confirmar os resultados deste trabalho

Orientador: Maria Célia Portella / Banca: Ronald Kennedy Luz / Banca: João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes / Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes fontes e manejos alimentares para a produção de larvas e juvenis de pintado em sistema intensivo, utilizando-se dietas vivas e formuladas. Com as informações de desempenho e sobrevivência obtidas, foi realizada uma análise econômica para as etapas de larvicultura e de treinamento alimentar dos juvenis. O experimento foi dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram realizados dois tratamentos que variaram de acordo com o tipo de alimento vivo fornecido para as larvas de pintado: náuplios de Artemia (Na) ou plâncton selvagem (Ps). Os resultados de peso (Na= 0,0972g; Ps= O,Ol56g), sobrevivência (Na= 27,48%; Ps= 1,94%) e da análise econômica mostraram que os náuplios de Artemia são mais eficientes para a alimentação inicial das larvas de pintado. Na segunda etapa foram testados: duas fontes de alimento vivo (náuplios de Artemia - tratamento NaCo - ou larvas forrageiras - tratamento PxCo), juntamente com treinamento alimentar em que foram fornecidas misturas contendo coração bovino e dieta formulada; alimentação exclusiva com quantidades crescentes de náuplios de Artemia (tratamento Na+); e dietas formuladas secas ou úmidas. Os resultados de desempenho, taxa de canibalismo e taxa de mortalidade mostraram a necessidade e a eficiência do treinamento alimentar para os juvenis de pintado. O peso e o comprimento dos animais treinados foi estatisticamente maior (P<0,05) do que os apresentados pelos animais que não passaram por esse processo. A sobrevivência observada nos juvenis que receberam exclusivamente náuplios até o fim do experimento (Na+= 89%) foi superior aos demais tratamentos; porém, o mesmo não foi observado com o crescimento. A taxa de canibalismo observada (Na+= 4,42%) mostrou que o fornecimento exclusivo de náuplios... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present study had the objective to evaluate different feeding techniques in the production of larvae and juvenile of spotted surubin in an intensive system, utilizing live and formulated diets. An economic analysis was done for each phase of the experiment with the information gathered on performance and survival. The experiment was divided in two phases. The first phase consisted of two treatments, which varied accordingly to the type of live diet supplied to the spotted surubin larvae: Artemia nauplii (Na) or wild plankton (Ps). The results of weight (Na = 0.0972g; Ps = 0.0156g), survival (Na = 27.48%; Ps = 1.94%) and the economic analysis showed that the Artemia nauplii is more efficient as live diet for spotted surubin larvae. The second phase tested two types of live diet plus feed training, Artemia nauplii (NaCo treatment) and foraging larvae (PxCo treatment); increasing quantities of Artemia nauplii (Na+ treatment); and abrupt weaning to formulated diet containing different moisture levels. The results on performance, cannibalism rate and mortality rate showed the need of efficiency on feed training of the spotted surubin juvenile. The weight and the length of the trained animals were statistically higher (P<0.05) than the animals that did not undergo feed training. The survival rate observed with juveniles that received exclusively nauplii until the end of the experiment (Na+ = 89%) was higher than the other treatments; however, the growth was not satisfactory. ln the same treatment (Na+), the rate of cannibalism observed (Na+ = 4.42%) showed that the exclusive supply of nauplii provided a uniform growth between the juveniles, diminishing the chances of cannibalism. The profit obtained with the sale of the animals (classified by the total length and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 guerreroalvarado_ce_dr_jabo.pdf: 1587825 bytes, checksum: 858924033c64c664e74d155a80686b1a (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / La formulation d’un régime alimentaire équilibré que puisse répondre aux besoins de calcium et de phosphore des larves de Macrobrachium rosenbergii est très important pour assurer des meilleures productivités à la fin de la larveculture. L’effet de différents niveaux de calcium et de phosphore sur le régime alimentaire a été evalué sur les principaux variables de production. Une délineation complétement au hasard en schème factoriel 3x3, a été utilisé, en correspondant à trois niveaux de calcium (0,35; 1,00 et 1,90%) et trois niveaux de phosphore (0,70; 1,50 et 2,30%). Chaque traitement a eu 3 répétitions. Deux jours après l’éclosion les larves ont été nourries avec des quantités croissantes de nauplii d’Artemia. A partir du onzième jour (zoea VII), la coalimentation a été introduite en fournissant les diètes-teste en plus des nauplii d’ Artemia jusqu’à la fin du cycle de larveculture. Au 27ème jour du cycle où 90% des larves, à peu près, se sont déjà méthamorphosées en pos-larves (PL), la récolte de fin d’élevage a été faite. Le taux de survie, la biomasse finale de PL, la pourcentage de larves et la productivité (PL L-1) ont été calculés pour chaque traitement. On a pu observer que les larves de M. rosenbergii qu’ont été nourries par une diète inerte de 0,35 ou 1,07% de calcium total et 1,50% de P total (1,15% de P disponible) ont eu leurs taux le survie beaucoup ameliorés aussi bien que le numero de pos-larves qu’ont été produites par litre à la fin da la larveculture. L’inclusion de 1% de P sur la forme de NaH2PO4 et le Ca venu de la diète basal (0,35%) sont suffisants pour améliorer la production de cette espèce. / A formulação de uma dieta balanceada que atenda as exigências dos minerais cálcio e fósforo nas larvas de Macrobrachium rosenbergii, é importante para garantir maior produtividade na larvicultura. Assim, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes níveis de cálcio e fósforo na dieta sobre as principais variáveis de produção. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3x3, correspondente a três níveis de cálcio (0,35; 1,00 e 1,90%) e três de fósforo (0,70; 1,50 e 2,30%), com três repetições realizadas em blocos temporais. Dois dias após a eclosão, as larvas passaram a ser alimentadas com quantidades crescentes de náuplios de Artemia. A partir do 11º dia (zoea VII), iniciou-se a co-alimentação, fornecendo-se as dietas-teste juntamente com os náuplios de Artemia até o final do ciclo de larvicultura. No 27º dia de cultivo, quando aproximadamente 90% das larvas metamorfosearam-se em pós-larvas (PL), realizou-se a despesca. Foi calculada a taxa de sobrevivência, a biomassa final de PL, a porcentagem de larvas e a produtividade (PL L-1) em cada tratamento. Observou-se que as larvas de M. rosenbergii alimentadas com dieta inerte contendo 0,35 ou 1,07% de Ca total, e 1,50% de P total (1,15% de P disponível) melhoraram significativamente a sobrevivência e o número de pós-larvas produzidas por litro ao final da larvicultura. A inclusão de 1% de P na forma de NaH2PO4 e unicamente o Ca proveniente da dieta basal (0,35%) são adequados para melhorar o desempenho produtivo desta espécie. / The formulation of a balanced diet, which provides the requirements of calcium and phosphorus minerals for Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae is important to guarantee good productivity of post-larvae. Hence, the effect of different levels of calcium and phosphorus in the inert diet on the principal production variables was evaluated during the hatchery. It was used a randomized block experimental design, in a 3x3 factorial scheme, with three levels of calcium (0.35; 1.00 and 1.90 %) and three levels of phosphorus (0.70; 1.50 and 2.30 %), with three replicates. Two days after hatching, larvae started feeding on increasing quantities of Artemia nauplii. Co-feeding started at the 11th day (zoea VII), when test-diets plus Artemia nauplii were supplied up to the end of the rearing cycle. In the 27th day, when approximately 90% of the larvae turned into post larvae (PL), harvest was done. Survival rate, final biomass of PL, percentage of larvae and productivity (PL L-1) were calculated in all treatments M. rosenbergii larvae fed on inert diet containing 0.35 or 1.07 % of total Ca and 1.50 % of total P (1.15 % of P available) had significantly improved survival rate and productivity. Inclusion of 1.0 % of total P and only the dietary Ca from the basal diet (0.35%) are adequate to improve the productive performance on this specie. / La formulación de una dieta balanceada que atienda las exigencias de los minerales calcio y fósforo en las larvas de Macrobrachium rosenbergii, es importante para garantizar mejor productividade en la larvicultura. Asi, se evaluó el efecto de diferentes niveles de calcio y fósforo en la dieta sobre las principales variables de producción. El diseño experimental fue en bloques completamente al azar, en esquema factorial 3x3, correspondiente a tres niveles de calcio (0,35; 1,00 e 1,90%) y tres de fósforo (0,70; 1,50 e 2,30%), con tres repeticiones realizadas en bloques temporales. Dos días después de la eclosión las larvas pasaron a ser alimentadas con cantidades crecientes de náuplios de Artemia. A partir del 11º día (zoea VII), se inició la alimentación conjunta, ofreciendo las dietas-teste acompañadas por los náuplios de Artemia hasta el final del ciclo de larvicultura. El 27º día del cultivo, cuando aproximadamente 90% de las larvas se metamorfosearon en postlarvas (PL), se realizó la cosecha. Fue calculada la tasa de sobrevivencia, biomasa final de PL, el porcentaje de larvas y la productividad (PL L-1) en cada tratamiento. Se observó que las larvas de M. rosenbergii alimentadas con dieta inerte conteniendo 0,35 ó 1,07% de Ca total, y 1,50% de P total (1,15% de P disponible) mejoraran significativamente la sobrevivencia y el número de postlarvas producidas por litro al final de la larvicultura. La inclusión de 1% de P en la forma de NaH2PO4 y únicamente el Ca proveniente de la dieta basal (0,35%) son adecuados para mejorar el desempeño productivo de esta especie.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MichelleYFO.pdf: 1352586 bytes, checksum: ec04e8f88470ea75199157f1184e49a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-19 / To present research had for objective to study the quality of the employment in the maturation Laboratories and larviculture of the Beach of Barreta/RN, adopting for so much the criteria used by Reinecke(1999) to characterize a quality employment: surrender, benefits non salary, regularity and work reliability and of the wage, contractual status, social protection, work day, intensity of the work, risk of accidents and of occupational diseases, involvement in linked decisions to the section work, possibility for the development of professional qualifications. Of the exam of the data it was verified that the generated employments are considered employments of good quality. However, this result should be analyzed to the light of a context of extreme informality and of precarization of the work. Therefore, the results should be relativized. He/she/you imports to retain that one of the limitations of the study resides in the impossibility of generalizing the data for the whole section of the sea carcinicultura. In spite of that fact, he/she is considered that the objectives of the research were assisted fully and that the characterization of the profile of the employment generated by the section of the shrimpculture it is extremely important for the drawing of public politics gone back to foment this activity. / A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar a qualidade do emprego nos laborat?rios de matura??o e larvicultura da Praia de Barreta/RN, adotando para tanto os crit?rios utilizados por Reinecke (1999) para caracterizar um emprego de qualidade: renda, benef?cios n?o salariais, regularidade e confiabilidade de trabalho e do sal?rio, status contratual, prote??o social, jornada de trabalho, intensidade do trabalho, risco de acidentes e de doen?as ocupacionais, envolvimento em decis?es ligadas ao setor de trabalho, possibilidade para o desenvolvimento de qualifica??es profissionais. Do exame dos dados constatou-se que os empregos gerados s?o empregos considerados de boa qualidade. No entanto, este resultado deve ser analisado ? luz de um contexto de extrema informalidade e de precariza??o do trabalho. Logo, os resultados devem ser relativizados. Importa reter que uma das limita??es do estudo reside na impossibilidade de generalizar os dados para todo o setor da carcinicultura marinha. Apesar desse fato, considera-se que os objetivos da pesquisa foram plenamente atendidos e que a caracteriza??o do perfil do emprego gerado pelo setor da carcinicultura ? extremamente importante para o desenho de pol?ticas p?blicas voltadas para fomentar esta atividade.