Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera och analysera lärare och studenter med olika kulturella bakgrunder på Högskolan i Gävle för att undersöka om kulturkrockar uppstår studenter emellan samt mellan studenter och lärare. En ytterligare aspekt var även att utröna lärarnas ledarstilar. Metod: Vi har valt att genomföra en kvalitativ fallstudie, där det empiriska materialet baseras på nio intervjuer med lärare och studenter på Högskolan i Gävle, samt två egna observationer. Sekundärdata har insamlats genom relevant litteratur och artiklar inom ämnesområdet som ligger till grund för den teoretiska referensramen. Resultat och slutsats: Vi har kommit fram till att högskolans lärare är medvetna om att kulturella skillnader råder, men att de trots detta inte gör något för att lösa eventuella problem som uppstår. Då det råder en saknad av mer auktoritär ledarstil ges vissa studenter möjlighet att utnyttja högskolans system. Vidare har vi kunnat dra den slutsats att färre studenter i framtiden kan komma att välja Högskolan i Gävle som sitt lärosäte om högskoleledningen inte åtgärdar de problem som finns. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vi tycker att det vore intressant om denna studie utfördes på en annan högskola i Sverige för att se vilket resultat som skulle utrönas där. Vidare anser vi att fördjupning inom ett av de problemområden som vi kommit fram till i denna studie, skulle vara intressant att djupare utforska. Uppsatsens bidrag: Med denna uppsats vill vi framhäva vilka kulturella skillnader som kan finnas på en mångkulturell högskola och hur eventuella problem tas om hand. Studien riktar sig till högskolestudenter, samt högskolelärare som möter olika kulturer dagligen. Nyckelord: Kultur, kulturella skillnader, kulturkrockar, ledarskap, ledarstilar, Högskolan i Gävle. / Aim: The purpose of this thesis is to observe and analyze students and teachers with different cultural backgrounds at the University of Gävle, to determine if there are cultural clashes between students, as well as students and teachers. A further aspect was to explore the teachers leadership styles. Method: We have chosen to perform a qualitative case study, where the empirical material is based on nine interviews with teachers and students at the University of Gävle, and two observations. Secondary data, such as literature and articles have been collected and reviewed within the subject areas in order to gather the facts needed for the theoretical references. Result and conclusion: We have come to the conclusion that the university teachers are aware of the cultural differences, but despite the fact they don’t actually aim to solve the problems that arise. Due to the lack of a more authoritative leadership, the students are given the opportunity of taking advantage of the university system. We have further concluded that future students might not choose University of Gävle as their core of education if the board of education does not address the existing issues. Suggestion for future research: We think that it would be interesting if this study was concluded at a different university in Sweden in order to see what the results would be there. Furthermore, we believe that analyzing one of the problem areas in more depth would be a more efficient and interesting approach. Contribution of the thesis: Our goal with this study has been to highlight the cultural differences at a multicultural university and how the arising problems are solved. Our main target are the university students as well as the teachers that come across cultural differences on a daily bases. Keywords: Culture, cultural differences, cultural clashes, leadership, leadership styles, University of Gävle.

This paper uses evidence from a small-scale interview of five primary school principals within the Stockholm Municipality to examine their focus on student learning. To facilitate this analysis, four questions were addressed: • What are the expectations principals have of learning for their students? • Has there been a change in perception of learning in the 21st Century? • How do principals think they have influence on student learning? • How do principals see their role towards lifelong learning? This thesis argues that we have to redefine learning for the 21st Century through emphasizing a more holistic approach to both teaching and learning and by paying more attention to learning outcomes. It explores contemporary trends in leadership education and connects them to the literature. In practice, the study uses two models, instructional leadership and transformational leadership, to integrate the the data collected. It proposes that school principals play a part in student learning through their roles of setting directions, developing people and developing the organisation. The main results showed that the principals and vice-principals who participated in the study were aware of their roles in student learning. However, their roles were not immediately identifiable with a particular leadership style but a combination of styles. They realised that they did not encourage lifelong learning, which is an important component of 21st Century learning. Key Words: 21st Century learning, lifelong learning, learning expectations, learning outcomes, leadership styles, instructional leadership, transformational leadership, cultural change leadership.

The purpose of this project is to examine students' pespectives on quality in teaching. The characteristics that are described to denote a 'good' and 'less good' teachers are linked to ideas about types of corresponding leadership styles in the classroom. The report is based on surveys of students in Upplands-Bro high school outside Stockholm. In order to get better insight and further knowledge of the subject, the student accounts have been related to current discussions in the literature about good leadership and teaching quality. Following the methodology of grounded theory a pilot study was constructed to design the research instruments. In the pilot study I collected students' perceptions on quality-related categories in teaching and leadership which then formed a bases for a survey which was distributed to a larger student sample. The survey includes questions that relate to the middle order, which is based on three criteria that make up the characteristics of a 'good'/ 'less good' teacher and the leadership style that suits students descriptions of good teacher characteristics. The results of the study show that a good teacher should have subject knowledge, be good at writing and illustrating the curriculum on the whiteboard and explain and clarify their instruction through good communication. Results of the category 'a less good teacher' show characteristics of a teacher who does not have subject expertise, and who does not vary their teaching styles as well as favors some students over others. The discussion concludes the study by highlighting significant implications of the survey for teaching practice. The student perspective reported on in this study, gives evidence for the importance of considering students' perspectives in maintaining quality in teaching practice and classroom leadership.

Bakgrund: Den svenska arbetsmarknaden står inför en stor förändring. De snart pensionsfärdiga medlemmarna av Rekordgenerationen (födda 1945-54) är på väg att lämna arbetslivet, samtidigt som den unga MeWe-generationen (födda 1980-89) precis har tagit, eller skall ta, klivet in i företag och organisationer. Forskare menar att ett generationsskifte kommer att medföra ändrade attityder, inställningar och värderingar i samhället och dess institutioner, då varje generations förhållningssätt till livet är unikt. Frågan är hur dessa grundläggande attitydskillnader avspeglas i de olika generationernas sätt att se på ledarskap, och chefens roll, i en organisation. Syfte: Syftet med vår uppsats är att undersöka och jämföra hur attityderna kring ledarskap ser ut bland några medlemmar ur MeWe-generationen respektive Rekordgenerationen. Anledning till att vi valt detta syfte är att vi vill se hur krav, förväntningar och önskningar på chefer kan komma att förändras, i och med genrationsskiftet av arbetskraft i organisationer. Genomförande: I avsikt att ta reda på studiens syfte, har vi genomfört 14 samtalsintervjuer med sju respondenter ur respektive generation. Detta innebär att vår studie grundas i en kvalitativ ansats. Genom undersökningen studerade vi respektive generations attityd kring ledarskap relaterat till tre teman: egenskaper, relation och makt/medbestämmande. Resultat: Vi fann betydande skillnader i attityder kring ledarskap bland Rekordgenerationens respondenter och MeWe-generationens respondenter. Dessa skillnader kan sammanfattas i att MeWe-generationen har en mer relations-orienterad syn på ledarskap, medan Rekordgenerationen är mer organisations-orienterad. Detta innebär att de egenskaper som MeWe-generationen värdesätter hos en chef är att de till exempel ska skapa en god stämning på arbetsplatsen medan Rekordgenerationen vill ha en chef som skapar och upprätthåller struktur. / Background: The Swedish labour market is facing a major change. The members of the Record-generation (born 1945-54) are about to leave their workplaces, while the young MeWe-generation (born in the 1980’s) is ready to start their careers. While each generation is characterized by its own, unique apporach to life and work, researchers claim a shift of generations in the workforce also will change the attitudes in organizations. Thus, the question is whether, and how, the fundamental differences in attitudes of the generations also are reflected in their approach to leadership and a manager's role in an organization. Aim: The purpose of our paper is to examine and compare the attitudes towards leadership among some members of MeWe-generation and some members of the Record-generation. This aim was chosen by us in order to see how the demands, expectations and aspirations of managers may be in for a change when the younger generation is ’taking control’ over the organizations. Method: We have carried out 14 interviews, with seven respondents from each of the two generations. This means we have a qualitative approach. Through our study, we studied each generation's attitude about leadership, related to three themes: traits, relationships and power/influence in the decisions made. Results: We found significant differences in attitudes towads leadership among the Record-generation respondents and the MeWe-generation respondents. The differences can be summarized to that the MeWe generation has a more relationship-oriented approach to leadership while the record generation is more organization-oriented. This means that the MeWe-generation whishes a manager to create a good atmosphere in the workplace, while the Record-generation wants a manager who creates, and maintains, structure and order.

Joe Louis Clark was the principal of Eastside High School (EHS) located in Paterson, New Jersey from 1982 to 1989. The purpose of this phenomenological case study was to explore Mr. Clark’s leadership style as principal of EHS, and to investigate from the point of view of Mr. Clark’s former students, teachers, and administrators what, if any effect, his leadership style had at EHS, as well as on his students, teachers, and administrators’ lives during and subsequent to their time at EHS. I conducted this investigation by giving voice to my classmates, teachers, administrators and myself. I graduated from EHS during Mr. Clark’s tenure and I am a member of his first graduating class in 1986. When Mr. Clark arrived as principal, EHS was characterized by large numbers of students living at or below the poverty line, overcrowded classrooms, and outdated resources. Additionally, there were issues such as: high dropout rates, drugs, teenage pregnancy, violence towards students and teachers. In an attempt to raise the students’ Minimum Basic Skills Test scores and eliminate the violence at EHS, Mr. Clark was hired as the principal. Through face-to-face and telephone semi-structured, open ended in-depth interviews with twenty-two participants, I uncovered personal views of Mr. Clark’s leadership style. Mr. Clark used a leadership style that was characterized by the informants as autocratic, directive, charismatic and caring. The voices of his students, teachers, and administrators speak volumes about the strategies he developed that made an impact on their lives in addition to reforming EHS.

The aim of this thesis is to explore from a cultural diversity perspective, students 'views on teachers' leadership styles in the classroom and what style of management students prefer. The study uses a qualitative methodology to interviewed focus groups of students consisting of a total of twelve students at a secondary school in Botkyrka municipality. The corpus was divided into three different groups. Overall, results showed that students seem to prefer an intercultural situational leadership style. This is based on the students expressed need of wanting to be understood on the basis of their cultural background. That means that the teacher according to their background,  situation and knowledge should adapt leadership. Teachers should also be leaders who maintain balance, responsiveness and flexibility in teaching style in order to increase the motivation of students.

<p><strong>Bakgrund: </strong>Den svenska arbetsmarknaden står inför en stor förändring. De snart pensionsfärdiga medlemmarna av Rekordgenerationen (födda 1945-54) är på väg att lämna arbetslivet, samtidigt som den unga MeWe-generationen (födda 1980-89) precis har tagit, eller skall ta, klivet in i företag och organisationer. Forskare menar att ett generationsskifte kommer att medföra ändrade attityder, inställningar och värderingar i samhället och dess institutioner, då varje generations förhållningssätt till livet är unikt. Frågan är hur dessa grundläggande attitydskillnader avspeglas i de olika generationernas sätt att se på ledarskap, och chefens roll, i en organisation.</p><p><strong>Syfte:</strong> Syftet med vår uppsats är att undersöka och jämföra hur attityderna kring ledarskap ser ut bland några medlemmar ur MeWe-generationen respektive Rekordgenerationen. Anledning till att vi valt detta syfte är att vi vill se hur krav, förväntningar och önskningar på chefer kan komma att förändras, i och med genrationsskiftet av arbetskraft i organisationer.</p><p><strong>Genomförande:</strong> I avsikt att ta reda på studiens syfte, har vi genomfört 14 samtalsintervjuer med sju respondenter ur respektive generation. Detta innebär att vår studie grundas i en kvalitativ ansats. Genom undersökningen studerade vi respektive generations attityd kring ledarskap relaterat till tre teman: egenskaper, relation och makt/medbestämmande.</p><p><strong>Resultat: </strong>Vi fann betydande skillnader i attityder kring ledarskap bland Rekordgenerationens respondenter och MeWe-generationens respondenter. Dessa skillnader kan sammanfattas i att MeWe-generationen har en mer relations-orienterad syn på ledarskap, medan Rekordgenerationen är mer organisations-orienterad. Detta innebär att de egenskaper som MeWe-generationen värdesätter hos en chef är att de till exempel ska skapa en god stämning på arbetsplatsen medan Rekordgenerationen vill ha en chef som skapar och upprätthåller struktur.</p> / <p><strong>Background:</strong> The Swedish labour market is facing a major change. The members of the Record-generation (born 1945-54) are about to leave their workplaces, while the young MeWe-generation (born in the 1980’s) is ready to start their careers. While each generation is characterized by its own, unique apporach to life and work, researchers claim a shift of generations in the workforce also will change the attitudes in organizations. Thus, the question is whether, and how, the fundamental differences in attitudes of the generations also are reflected in their approach to leadership and a manager's role in an organization.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> The purpose of our paper is to examine and compare the attitudes towards leadership among some members of MeWe-generation and some members of the Record-generation. This aim was chosen by us in order to see how the demands, expectations and aspirations of managers may be in for a change when the younger generation is ’taking control’ over the organizations.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> We have carried out 14 interviews, with seven respondents from each of the two generations. This means we have a qualitative approach. Through our study, we studied each generation's attitude about leadership, related to three themes: traits, relationships and power/influence in the decisions made.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> We found significant differences in attitudes towads leadership among the Record-generation respondents and the MeWe-generation respondents. The differences can be summarized to that the MeWe generation has a more relationship-oriented approach to leadership while the record generation is more organization-oriented. This means that the MeWe-generation whishes a manager to create a good atmosphere in the workplace, while the Record-generation wants a manager who creates, and maintains, structure and order.</p>

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a software solution which offers the opportunity to strengthen the company's effectiveness, integrating the business processes across functional areas. In order to obtain the expected benefit, a successful implementation of the ERP project is crucial.  The aim of this thesis is to understand which different leadership styles can be applied during the ERP implementation phase, how they influence the overall project outcome and what leadership style can lead to the successful overall project outcome. The research covers following questions. To begin we will study ​which different leadership styles are applied in ERP implementation projects and study the leader’s trait &amp; behavior through the project implementation process. ​Afterwards we will study how significant the leadership style is to achieve a successful overall project outcome and which style better suits the general context of an ERP implementation project.  Survey questions were prepared either to project managers with experience in ERP implementation projects within their company or managers working for consultancy service firms. Concepts from multi-grounded theory i.e. open-, axial- and selective coding for empirical grounding are used as a methodological approach in the thesis. After the empirical and theoretical analysis, the conclusion we could draw was that the task structure and demand for the given situation, in which different type of team members are involved, is determining the factors to achieve the leadership effectiveness and consequently it is considered to be the major element determining the leadership style to be applied during the project.

Submitted by Mônica de Fátima Vetromille Ribeiro (monivetro@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-04-01T12:38:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Trabalho Final do Mestrado-FGV.pdf: 767838 bytes, checksum: fc25da384c143d23aa562580aae69b86 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2015-04-01T14:58:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Trabalho Final do Mestrado-FGV.pdf: 767838 bytes, checksum: fc25da384c143d23aa562580aae69b86 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-04-08T13:09:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Trabalho Final do Mestrado-FGV.pdf: 767838 bytes, checksum: fc25da384c143d23aa562580aae69b86 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-08T13:13:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trabalho Final do Mestrado-FGV.pdf: 767838 bytes, checksum: fc25da384c143d23aa562580aae69b86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / This paper analyzes the use of Case Study Teaching and its general rules, such as a pedagogical tool used in courses or courses that focus on the Government, as well as for use in cases of debates in organizational working groups to decision making. Presents the creation of a case and its pedagogical notes. This event, created by the author of this work, addresses on as an area manager of Human Resources of a Federal Institution of Higher Education deals with the management of their work processes and how it relates to employees, according to your style leadership. / O presente trabalho faz uma análise do uso de Estudo de Caso para Ensino e suas regras gerais, como uma ferramenta pedagógica utilizada em disciplinas ou cursos que tenham como foco a Administração Pública,assim como para utilização em debates de casos em grupos de trabalho organizacionais para a tomada de decisões. Apresenta a criação de um caso e suas notas pedagógicas. Tal Caso, criado pela autora do presente trabalho, aborda sobre como um gestor da área de Recursos Humanos de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior tratada gestão de seus processos de trabalho e como se relaciona com os funcionários, de acordo com o seu estilo de liderança.

This study explored the relationship between leadership styles and organisational climate by means of quantitative research. Data from an organisational climate survey was used during the analysis. The results indicate that there was a positive correlation (0,749 at the 0,01 level) between leadership styles and organisational climate, thus supporting the research hypothesis. A standard multiple regression analysis was conducted and three leadership styles were found to predict 55,6% of the variance in organisational climate. The Authoritative leadership style made the largest unique contribution to the variance in organisational climate. The interaction between biographical and organisational variables and leadership styles and organisational climate was studied by means of t-tests and ANOVAs. Although statistically significant differences were found, these terms were of little practical significance and the effect sizes were generally small. The study concludes with recommendations for Industrial and Organisational Psychology practices and further research. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)