Global ETD Search

11	The Interaction between International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law: Seeking the most effective protection for children in armed conflicts Güler, Hande January 2019 (has links) Since children are particularly vulnerable in armed conflicts, they are conferred legal protection under International law, like in the International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law. Despite of international legislation, the situation of children remains critically worrying with numerous ongoing armed conflicts and instabilities globally. On the one hand, they are assumed special protection, yet on the other hand, they are commonly used as shields or forced into being combatants. The aim of the study is to outline legal areas of ambiguity or inadequacy in the legal framework and see whether they are sufficient in seeking to protect children in armed conflicts. Following relevant conceptual discussions on International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law, the study employs a legal analysis in conjunction with a normative argumentation approach in reference to the works of various scholars. Based on the findings, I conclude that IHL and IHRL are often not adhered to, by state parties in armed conflicts due to a lack of binding power; hence such conventions do not produce the desired result. Since state parties are either in breach of the conventions, or have not yet ratified them, the conventions are not practically effective in protecting children. Human Rights International Humanitarian Law International Human Rights Law Rights of Children Legal analysis Rights of children in armed conflicts Social Sciences Samhällsvetenskap
12	多媒體資訊終端機提供保險服務之法律分析 / The Legal Analysis of Kiosk's Insurance Services 黃立其, Huang, Li Chi Unknown Date (has links) Kiosk是以提供公眾使用為目的之多媒體資訊終端機，設置大尺寸觸控螢幕取代鍵盤與滑鼠，搭配整合影像、圖片、文字、音效的多媒體動態介面，連接網際網路，協助使用者接收資訊或進行交易，強調藉由互動式設計自行操作，在行政機關、私人企業的運用相當廣泛。與民眾生活關係密切的便利商店看準此商機，欲與保險業異業結盟，透過Kiosk買賣保險，卻因為主管機關的保守而未果。相對於此，保險Kiosk在國際蓬勃發展，例如美國國會聚焦隱私權及弱勢團體的保障、德國政府鼓勵異業結盟的多元應用、日本業界發展出金融沙龍，皆值得臺灣借鏡。本研究主張全面開放Kiosk保險服務，藉由保險法規與民法、行政函釋、論文、期刊、官方和非官方報告之分析，探討其類型化以及現行法令、自律規範的適用，嘗試歸納應遵循之監理架構。參酌臺灣便利超商現況，本文將Kiosk保險服務歸納為繳納保費、文書處理、廣告宣傳、線上交易等四大類型，研究相關法律問題，肯認Kiosk扮演新興保險通路的可行性。援引法令位階規範之精神，推導出保險Kiosk應提出營運計畫書，搭配編碼、人事、資安等內稽內控之機制。進而剖析Kiosk招攬、廣告、核保、理賠流程，重申商品適合度政策和業務員報告撰寫。探討保險電子商務等非法令位階規範，臚列應保護或公開之資訊、周邊設備和委外應遵循事項，強調身分驗證管道、電子化意思表示的處理流程、隱私權保障措施等面向。為健全保險市場與保障消費者權益，本文認為，應該為Kiosk多媒體資訊終端機提供保險服務，量身訂做法令，搭配主管機關的個案監理審查，作為營運前核准、營運監督之依據。爰擬定保險業多媒體資訊終端機營運管理辦法，奉權責歸屬明確及資訊公開透明為圭臬，要求保險業者遵守、提供消費者參照。多媒體資訊終端機保險服務法律分析電子商務 Kiosk Insurance Services Legal Analysis Electronic Commerce
13	Anàlisi legal i ètica de la publicitat audiovisual dels medicaments no subjectes a prescripció Vinyals i Corney, Manel 19 October 2012 (has links) In order to analyze advertising messages from a legal and ethical standpoint, this research delimits the object of study to the category that corresponds to medicines not subject to prescription. Medicines as a specific type of product that can be commercially promoted and in relation to its advertising activities, produce an object of study with its own characteristics which is usefull to several industries and interest groups such as pharmaceuticals, advertising, education, health, consumers and users. This study is divided into the following major sections: First the theoretical and regulatory framework is analyzed. This framework provides the basis and contextual data to define and focus the specific inquiry, which is centered on the analysis of advertisements from the legal and ethical standpoint. The characteristics of non-prescription medicines and their regulations are examined to serve as preliminary stages in the research. This section delves into legislation affecting the advertising message and into professional ethics and codes of conduct that have been developed in order to solve and prevent possible conflicts of interest involving consumers and/or competition. The analysis of legal provisions and applicable codes of conduct allows us to extract a synthesis of elements and principles which will be added to the interpretation of a sample of one hundred ads, which is representative of the sector under examination. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used in the research. Through sixteen in-depth interviews conducted to professionals in the pharmaceutical and health industries, advertising agencies, and consumers, a number of qualitative variables that serve to accurately define the components and characteristics of advertisements that are analyzed according to the method of content analysis, are distilled. Through triangulation of perspectives, the combination of both types of methodologies will allow us to obtain a set of conclusions regarding which are the keys to interpreting the messages from the advertising sample, and to what extent there is a set of elements that can be analyzed from a legal and ethical standpoint. / Amb l’objectiu d’analitzar els missatges publicitaris des d’un punt de vista legal i ètic, aquest treball d’investigació delimita l’objecte d’estudi en la categoria corresponent als medicaments no subjectes a prescripció mèdica. Tant pel què fa als medicaments, com a tipus de producte específic dels que es pot fer promoció comercial, com en relació a la seva activitat publicitària, ens trobem amb un objecte d’estudi amb unes característiques pròpies i d’interès per a diversos sectors com són la indústria farmacèutica, la publicitat, l’àmbit educatiu, el de la salut, i el dels consumidors i usuaris. Aquest treball està estructurat en els següents grans apartats. En primer lloc s’analitza el marc teòric i regulatiu que serveix de base i ofereix dades contextuals per definir i enfocar una investigació específica que es centra en l’anàlisi dels missatges publicitaris des del punt de vista legal i ètic. Com a etapes prèvies a la investigació, s’estudien les característiques dels medicaments no subjectes a prescripció i la seva regulació. En aquest apartat s’aprofundeix en la legislació que afecta al missatge publicitari, en l’ètica professional i els codis deontològics que s’han elaborat amb la finalitat de solucionar i prevenir eventuals conflictes d’interessos amb els consumidors o entre la competència. L’anàlisi de les disposicions legals i els codis deontològics aplicables ens permet extreure una síntesi d’elements i principis que s’afegiran a la interpretació d’una mostra de cent anuncis, representativa del sector que s’estudia. En la investigació, s’utilitza una metodolgia qualitativa i quantitativa. A través de setze entrevistes en profunditat realitzades a professionals dels sectors de la indústria farmacèutica, la publicitat, la salut i els consumidors, s’estreuen una sèrie de variables qualitatives que serviran per definir amb precisió els elements i característiques dels missatges publicitaris que s’analitzen d’acord amb el mètode de l’anàlisi de contingut. La combinació d’ambdós tipus de metodologies ens permetrà, gràcies a la triangulació de perspectives, obtenir una sèrie de conclusions en relació a quines són les claus per a interpretar els missatges publicitaris de la mostra, i fins quin punt hi ha una sèrie d’elements que podran ser analitzats des del punt de vista legal i ètic. Anàlisi legal Legal analysis Análisis legal Anàlisi ètica Ethical analysis Análisis ética Indústria farmacèutica Pharmaceutical industry Publicitat Advertising Publicidad Medicaments Drugs Medicamentos 17 349 615 65
14	Efeitos distributivos da judicialização da saúde: o estudo do caso do município de Franca/SP na perspectiva da teoria dos sistemas autopoiéticos e do ciclo de políticas públicas / Distributive effects of health judicialization: the study of the case of the city of Franca/SP from the perspective of the autopoietic systems theory and the public policy cycle Hass, Henrique Duz [UNESP] 14 June 2017 (has links) Submitted by Henrique Duz Hass null (henriquehass@gmail.com) on 2017-07-21T14:45:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Duz Hass - Dissertação Mestrado.pdf: 1145429 bytes, checksum: 6b71fed43c52fd64a8a3cc260340014e (MD5) / Rejected by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: O arquivo submetido não contém o certificado de aprovação. Corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão com o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-07-21T20:21:51Z (GMT) / Submitted by Henrique Duz Hass null (henriquehass@gmail.com) on 2017-07-24T14:02:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Duz Hass - Dissertação Mestrado.pdf: 1145429 bytes, checksum: 6b71fed43c52fd64a8a3cc260340014e (MD5) / Rejected by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: Inserir o nome da banca examinadora na folha de aprovação. Corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão com o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-07-25T17:38:29Z (GMT) / Submitted by Henrique Duz Hass null (henriquehass@gmail.com) on 2017-07-25T17:51:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Duz Hass - Dissertação de Mestrado.pdf: 1139407 bytes, checksum: c26e6bdd8b44d3d2328fb41fa379742f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-07-25T18:05:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 hass_hd_me_fran.pdf: 1139407 bytes, checksum: c26e6bdd8b44d3d2328fb41fa379742f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T18:05:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 hass_hd_me_fran.pdf: 1139407 bytes, checksum: c26e6bdd8b44d3d2328fb41fa379742f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-14 / Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a capacidade do Poder Judiciário em lidar com questões relativas a políticas públicas de assistência farmacêutica, bem como examinar a eficiência distributiva pela qual vem promovendo este direito social. O government by policies, a constitucionalização dos direitos sociais e a crise de representatividade política têm levado os Tribunais a assumirem um papel central na efetivação destes direitos. Contudo, trata-se de um tema que necessita aprofundamento, tendo em vista as formas com que o Judiciário intervém e as implicações que provoca. Esta proposta investigativa não pretende discutir a possibilidade de existência do fenômeno, tampouco a legitimidade democrática da atuação jurisdicional. O diferencial está no enfrentamento da questão a partir da compreensão dos limites da capacidade operacional do sistema jurídico, na análise interdisciplinar de políticas públicas e na demonstração empírica de seus impactos. Pretende-se, assim, examinar se o padrão de funcionamento judicial é adequado e válido para substituir o crivo político-administrativo e lidar com todos os elementos necessários da implementação da política pública e, além disso, se mostra-se consciente do conjunto de processos que constituem uma política pública. Por fim, verificaremos quais os efeitos distributivos da decisão judicial, com base em uma pesquisa documental qualitativa, no intuito de avaliar se a judicialização assiste os mais vulneráveis e reduz as desigualdades sociais ou se, na verdade, acaba por inverter a lógica distributiva, beneficiando os já favorecidos. Tudo isso no intuito de averiguar se o Judiciário é capaz ou não de desempenhar a função política que atualmente desagua nele ou se seu protagonismo evidencia uma disfuncionalidade. / The objective of this study is to analyze the capacity of the Judiciary to deal with issues related to public policies of pharmaceutical assistance, as well as to examine the distributive efficiency that this social right has been promoted. The governments by policies, constitutionalization of social rights and crisis of the political representation have led the Courts to play a central role in the realization of these rights. However, this is a subject that needs to be deepened, considering the ways in which the Judiciary intervenes and the implications that it causes. This investigative proposal does not intend to discuss the possibility of existence of the phenomenon, nor the democratic legitimacy of the judicial action. The differential lies in confronting the issue by understanding the limits of the operational capacity of the legal system, the interdisciplinary analysis of public policies and the empirical demonstration of its impacts. The aim is to examine whether the standard of judicial functioning is adequate and valid to replace the political-administrative sieve and to deal with all the necessary elements of the implementation of public policy. In addition, we intend to analyze if the Judiciary is aware of the set of processes that constitute a public policy. Finally, we verify the distributive effects of the judicial decision, based on a qualitative documentary research, in order to evaluate if the judicialization assists the most vulnerable and reduces social inequalities or reverses the distributive logic. All this in order to find out if the Judiciary is capable of performing the political function that currently drains in him or if its protagonism shows a dysfunctionality. Judicialização da saúde Teoria dos sistemas autopoiéticos Ciclo de políticas públicas Efeitos distributivos Health judicialization Theory of autopoietic systems Legal analysis of public policies Public policies cicle Distributive effects
15	Contexto, prática e obstáculos do acesso a informação: insumos para a discussão a partir da experiência com o setor nuclear brasileiro Cruz, Isabela de Paula January 2018 (has links) Submitted by Isabela Cruz (isabelacruz.ipc@gmail.com) on 2018-08-16T19:36:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabela Cruz - Dissertação CPDOC.pdf: 4124013 bytes, checksum: 1ccb95be5e4d0733d821487e4cf1a160 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diego Andrade (diego.andrade@fgv.br) on 2018-08-17T17:45:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabela Cruz - Dissertação CPDOC.pdf: 4124013 bytes, checksum: 1ccb95be5e4d0733d821487e4cf1a160 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T13:13:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabela Cruz - Dissertação CPDOC.pdf: 4124013 bytes, checksum: 1ccb95be5e4d0733d821487e4cf1a160 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-11 / A experiência com a realização de quase uma centena de pedidos ao setor nuclear brasileiro, considerado como um dos mais sensíveis e estratégicos do país, possibilitou uma análise qualitativa e jurídica do contexto, das práticas e dos obstáculos do acesso a informação no âmbito da Administração Pública Federal. As recomendações resultantes desse exame podem aplicar-se a diversos outros setores, na medida em que já levaram em conta os obstáculos máximos que se infligem à implementação de um governo aberto. A pesquisa faz uso de conceitos do Direito e da Ciência Política, com vistas a analisar, qualitativamente, de que forma a estrutura da política de acesso é mobilizada pela máquina pública quando esta recebe pedidos de acesso a informação; quais são os maiores obstáculos ao acesso, e que práticas podem ser adotadas para que o Estado brasileiro seja mais transparente. O primeiro capítulo cuida das novas formas de legitimidade da democracia contemporânea e demonstra a importância do aprimoramento do acesso a informação para a manutenção de um regime político saudável e apto a lidar com os anseios da sociedade atual por participação política não só eleitoral, mas também em sua dimensão monitória. O segundo capítulo contextualiza o acesso a informação no Brasil e reflete sobre os desafios específicos da seara nuclear, tratando de aspectos teóricos e históricos e sistematizando as normas que regem os temas da transparência e da proteção de informação sigilosa. O panorama indica que a Lei 12.527 / 2011 é pouco acionada no âmbito do Poder Judiciário, apesar de já fazer parte da rotina do Poder Executivo Federal, ao menos no que tange aos órgãos e entidades de alguma forma vinculados ao Programa Nuclear Brasileiro. O terceiro capítulo, enfim, contrapõe-se ao otimismo que poderia advir de uma análise somente quantitativa da responsividade da Administração Pública Federal aos pedidos de acesso, desvelando diversos obstáculos à transparência passiva. As recomendações apresentadas dizem respeito à necessidade de motivação das respostas denegatórias de acesso; aos processos decisórios em curso que ficam eternamente sob sigilo; à ausência de anonimato no sistema brasileiro de acesso a informação; à impossibilidade de consulta ou de qualquer modalidade de intervenção de terceiros interessados e aos encaminhamentos sucessivos e suas consequências para os prazos processuais. / The experience of making almost one hundred requests to the Brazilian nuclear sector, considered one of the most sensitive and strategic in Brazil, made it possible to develop a qualitative and juridical analysis of the context, practices and obstacles of access to information in the area of Federal Administration. The recommendations resulting from that examination may apply to a number of other sectors, as those recommendations have taken into account the maximum obstacles to the implementation of open government. The research uses concepts of Law and Political Science, with a view to analyzing qualitatively (i) how the structure of the access policy is mobilized by the public machine when it receives requests for access to information; (ii) what the biggest obstacles to access are; and (iii) what practices can be adopted to make the Brazilian state more transparent. The first chapter looks at the new forms of legitimacy of contemporary democracy and demonstrates the importance of improving access to information for maintaining a healthy political regime—capable of dealing with the aspirations of today's society for political participation, not only in electoral terms, but also in its monitory dimension. The second chapter contextualizes the access to information in Brazil and reflects on the specific challenges of the nuclear sector, dealing with theoretical and historical aspects and systematizing the norms that rule the subjects of transparency and the protection of confidential information. The panorama indicates that Law 12,527/2011 is referenced very little in lawsuits, although it is already part of the routine of the Executive Power, at least when involving the organs and entities linked in some way to the Brazilian Nuclear Program. Finally, the third chapter contrasts with the optimism that could arise from a quantitative analysis of the responsiveness of the Federal Administration to requests for access, revealing several obstacles to passive transparency. The recommendations presented concern (i) the need to motivate the denial of access; (ii) the ongoing decisionmaking processes that are forever under secrecy; (iii) the absence of anonymity in the Brazilian system of access to information; (iv) the impossibility of consulting or of having any form of interested third parties’ intervention; and (v) the successive referrals and their consequences to the procedural deadlines. Acesso à informação Transparência passiva Setor nuclear Análise jurídica Análise qualitativa Access to information Passive transparency Nuclear sector Juridical/Legal analysis Qualitative analysis Ciências sociais Direito à informação Energia nuclear
16	Eine deutschlandweite Potenzialanalyse für die Onshore-Windenergie mittels GIS einschließlich der Bewertung von Siedlungsdistanzenänderungen Masurowski, Frank 11 July 2016 (has links) Die Windenergie an Land (Onshore-Windenergie) ist neben der Photovoltaik eine der tragenden Säulen der Energiewende in Deutschland. Wie schon in der Vergangenheit wird auch zukünftig der Ausbau der Onshore-Windenergie, mit dem Ziel eine umweltgerechte und sichere Energieversorgung für zukünftige Generationen aufzubauen, durch die Politik massiv vorangetrieben. Für eine planvolle Umsetzung der Energiewende, insbesondere im Bereich der Windenergie, müssen Kenntnisse über den zur Verfügung stehenden Raum und der Wirkungsweise standortspezifischer Faktoren auf planungsrechtlicher Ebene vorhanden sein. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Region Deutschland auf das für dieWindenergie an Land nutzbare Flächenpotenzial analysiert, von diesem allgemein gültige Energiepotenziale abgeleitet und in einer Sensitivitätsanalyse die Einflüsse verschiedener Abstände zwischen den Windenergieanlagen und Siedlungsstrukturen auf das ermittelte Energiepotenzial untersucht. Des Weiteren wurden für die beobachteten Zusammenhänge zwischen den Distanz- und Energiepotenzialänderungen mathematische Formeln erstellt, mit deren Hilfe eine Energiepotenzialänderung in Abhängigkeit von spezifischen Siedlungsdistanzänderungen vorhersagbar sind. Die Analyse des Untersuchungsgebiets (USG) hinsichtlich des zur Verfügung stehenden Flächenpotenzials wurde anhand eines theoretischen Modells, welches die reale Landschaft mit ihren unterschiedlichen Landschaftstypen und Infrastrukturen widerspiegelt, umgesetzt. Auf Basis dieses Modells wurden so genannte „Basisflächen“ sowie für die Onshore-Windenergie nicht nutzbare Flächen (Tabu- oder Ausschlussflächen) identifiziert und mittels einer GIS-Software (Geographisches Informationssystem) verschnitten. Die Identifizierung der Ausschlussflächen erfolgte über regionalisierte beziehungsweise im gesamten USG geltende multifaktorielle Bestimmungen für die Platzierung von Windenergieanlagen (WEA). Zur Gewährleistung einer einheitlichen Konsistenz wurden die verschiedenen Regelungen, welche aus den unterschiedlichsten Quellen stammen, vereinheitlicht, vereinfacht und in einem so genannten „Regelkatalog“ festgeschrieben. Die Berechnung des im USG maximal möglichen Energiepotenzials erfolgte durch eine Referenzanlage, welche im USG räumlich verteilt platziert wurde. Die Energiepotenziale (Leistungs- und Ertragspotenzial) leiten sich dabei aus der Kombination der räumlichen Lage der WEA, den technischen Leistungsspezifikationen der Referenzanlage und dem regionalem Windangebot ab. Eine wesentliche Grundvoraussetzung für die Berechnung der Energiepotenziale lag in der im Vorfeld durchzuführenden Windenergieanlagenallokation auf den Potenzialflächen begründet. Zu diesem Zweck wurde die integrierte Systemlösung „MAXPLACE“ entwickelt. Mit dieser ist es möglich, WEA unter Berücksichtigung von anlagenspezifischen, wirtschaftlichen und sicherheitstechnischen Aspekten in einzelnen oder zusammenhängenden Untersuchungsregionen zu platzieren. Im Gegensatz zu bereits bestehenden Systemlösungen (Allokationsalgorithmen) aus anderen Windenergie-Potenzialanalysen zeichnet sich die integrierte Systemlösung „MAXPLACE“ durch eine sehr gute Effizienz, ein breites Anwendungsspektrum sowie eine einfache Handhabung aus. Der Mindestabstand zwischen den WEA und den Siedlungsstrukturen stellt den größten Restriktionsfaktor für das ermittelte Energiepotenzial dar. Zur Bestimmung der Einflussnahme von Siedlungsdistanzänderungen auf das Energiepotenzial wurde mit Hilfe des erstellten Landschaftsmodells eine Sensitivitätsanalyse durchgeführt. In dieser wurden die vorherrschenden Landschafts- und Infrastrukturen analysiert und daraus standortbeschreibende Parameter abgeleitet. Neben der konkreten Benennung der Energiepotenzialänderungen, wurden für das gesamte USG mathematische Abstraktionen der beobachteten Zusammenhänge in Form von Regressionsformeln ermittelt. Diese Formeln ermöglichen es, ohne die in dieser Arbeit beschriebene aufwendige Methodik nachzuvollziehen, mit nur wenigen Parametern die Auswirkungen einer Siedlungsdistanzänderung auf das Energiepotenzial innerhalb des Untersuchungsgebiets zu berechnen. Onshore Onshore-Windenergie GIS Geographische Informationssysteme Potenzial Potenzialanalysen Flächenpotenziale Energiepotenziale Potenzialänderung Energiepotenzialänderung Deutschland Siedlungen Siedlungsdistanz Siedlungsdistanzänderungen Abstände Allokation Allokationsalgorithmen Regression Logistische Regression Statistik Algorithmen R Standortanalysen Windenergie Energiewende ArcGIS Programmierung C# Modell rechtliche Analyse Windenergieanlage Punktmusteranalyse onshore onshore wind energy GIS geographic information systems potential potential analysis area potentials energy potentials potential change energy potential change Germany settlements settlement distance settlement distance changes distances allocation allocation algorithm regression logistic regression statistics algorithms R location analysis wind energy wind power energy transition ArcGIS programming C# model legal analysis wind turbine point pattern analysis 30.10 - Systemtheorie 31.73 - Mathematische Statistik 31.50 - Geometrie: Allgemeines 31.59 - Geometrie: Sonstiges 54.25 - Parallele Datenverarbeitung 74.20 - Deutschland 74.48 - Geoinformationssysteme 54.76 - Computersimulation ddc:500 ddc:550 ddc:000 ddc:510 ddc:910

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