La normativa comunitaria ha favorito lo sviluppo di sistemi di qualità certificati. Oggi la CE sta guidando il sistema qualità verso un nuovo orizzonte: la valutazione delle prestazioni di sostenibilità di prodotti e organizzazioni, e lo sta facendo attraverso la metodologia dell'Impronta Ambientale (EF). A livello nazionale dal 2009 il Ministero dell'Ambiente sta promuovendo un intenso programma di valutazione delle prestazioni ambientali dei prodotti e di riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra delle imprese italiane. Una delle iniziative di maggior successo è il progetto VIVA "La Sostenibilità della vitivinicoltura in Italia". Con la pubblicazione del decreto Ministeriale n. 56 del marzo 2018 che approva lo schema volontario Made Green in Italy per l'applicazione della metodologia PEF in Italia, e con la pubblicazione del PEFCR per “Still and sparkling wine”. È chiaro che sia a livello nazionale che europeo la direzione intrapresa va verso la metodologia EF dalla Commissione Europea. Supponendo che il protocollo VIVA possa essere influenzato anche dall'evoluzione del metodo EF; sono state valutate le possibili implicazioni legate ad una futura transizione da VIVA alla PEF, effettuando anche uno studio PEF su 27 prodotti certificati VIVA con un confronto di prestazioni tra i prodotti VIVA e i benchmark europei. / EU regulations have favoured the development of certified quality schemes. Today the EC is driving the quality sector towards a new horizon; the evaluation of sustainability performance of product and organizations, and is doing it through the Environmental Footprint Methodology. At national level since 2009 the Italian Ministry for the Environment Land and Sea is promoting an intense programme for the evaluation of products’ environmental performances and for the reduction of Italian companies’ greenhouse gas emissions. One of the most successful initiative is the VIVA “Sustainability and Culture” project addressed to the wine sector. With the release of the IMELS decree n. 56 of march 2018 approving the Made Green in Italy Voluntary Scheme for PEF methodology application in Italy, and with the publication of the PEFCR for still and sparkling wine. Is clear that the direction taken at national and European level goes toward the EF methodology developed by the European Commission Assuming that the VIVA protocol may also be affected by EF evolution; possible implications linked to a future transition from VIVA to PEF were evaluated, also carrying out a PEF assessment of 27 VIVA certified products with a performance confrontation between the VIVA products and the European benchmarks.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-02T13:57:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLDV.pdf: 2484486 bytes, checksum: d3e5e77576203f23208cb028dd992b41 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-03T13:05:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLDV.pdf: 2484486 bytes, checksum: d3e5e77576203f23208cb028dd992b41 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-03T13:05:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLDV.pdf: 2484486 bytes, checksum: d3e5e77576203f23208cb028dd992b41 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T13:17:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLDV.pdf: 2484486 bytes, checksum: d3e5e77576203f23208cb028dd992b41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The construction sector is one of the sectors that most require natural resources and generate waste throughout the production chain. In this sense, given the need to preserve the environment and natural resources for future generations, the industry needs to improve the environmental performance of its operations chain. In order to achieve effective improvements by the actions developed by the sector, these actions need to be based on information about the environmental performance that are objective and verifiable. One of the methods that allow the collection of environmental information is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is one of the main tools of environmental impact assessment for the lifecycle of products and systems. The LCA allows to evaluate the impacts of raw material extraction, manufacturing process, use and disposalt. In this context, a study of the manufacturing process of structural ceramic blocks (cradle to factory gate) was conducted, aiming to analyze its main impacts and processes that contribute most to these environmental impacts. To conduct this study data collection was performed in two plants located in the State of São Paulo. Based on data collected locally and on the international database Ecoinvent®, the life cycle inventory (LCI) was drawn up with the necessary adaptations to represent the local context. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) was carried out using the following methods: CML 2002, Edip 97, USEtox and IPCC 2013. Based on the LCIA results, it was possible to identify the processes that contributed to each of the impacy categories analyzed, with the electricity being the process that most contributed to all categories. But the fuel used in the burning of the blocks, in turn, did not generate significant environmental impacts due to factories studied using biomass. Therefore, this study allowed to evaluate the magnitude and importance of the environmental impacts generated by the manufacture of ceramic bricks and also to characterize the environmental performance of ceramic bricks based on LCA. / A construção civil é um dos setores que mais consome recursos naturais e gera resíduos na sua cadeia de produção. Neste sentido, diante da necessidade de preservar o meio ambiente e os recursos naturais para as futuras gerações, é fundamental que o setor melhore o desempenho ambiental de suas operações. Para que as ações desenvolvidas pelo setor resultem em melhorias efetivas, é necessário que elas sejam subsidiadas por informações sobre o desempenho ambiental, que sejam objetivas e verificáveis. Um dos métodos que permite a compilação de informações ambientais é a Avaliação de Ciclo de Vida (ACV), que se apresenta como um dos principais instrumentos de avaliação dos impactos ambientais gerados durante o ciclo de vida de produtos e sistemas. A ACV permite avaliar os impactos desde a extração de recursos naturais, processamento de matéria-prima, manufatura até o uso e descarte dos mesmos. Neste contexto, foi realizado um estudo do processo de fabricação de blocos cerâmicos estruturais (do berço ao portão da fábrica) com o intuito de averiguar seus principais impactos ambientais e os processos que mais contribuem para estes impactos. Para realizar este estudo, foi feita a coleta de dados em duas fábricas localizadas no Estado de São Paulo. Com base nos dados coletados in-loco e na base de dados internacional Ecoinvent®, o inventário do ciclo de vida (ICV) foi elaborado com as devidas adaptações para que representasse o contexto local. A partir do ICV, foi realizada a avaliação dos impactos do ciclo de vida (AICV) por meio dos métodos CML 2002, EDIP 97, USEtox e IPCC 2013. Com base nos resultados da AICV, foram identificados os processos que mais contribuíram para cada uma das categorias de impacto analisadas, sendo a eletricidade o processo que colaborou de forma mais significativa para todas as categorias. Já o combustível utilizado na queima dos blocos, por sua vez, não gerou impactos ambientais significativos, devido às fábricas estudadas utilizarem biomassa. Portanto, o presente estudo permitiu avaliar a magnitude e significância dos impactos ambientais gerados pela fabricação de blocos cerâmicos, bem como caracterizar o desempenho ambiental de blocos cerâmicos com base em ACV.

A growing number of companies realise that to achieve their environmental goals and satisfy stakeholder expectations, they need to look beyond their own facilities and to involve their suppliers in environmental initiatives. A life cycle approach means that the production system should be optimised as whole, across national boarders and individual organisations taking part all the way from extraction to disposal. This study is a Life Cycle Inventory of resources used when producing a piece of cotton garment and the method is based on the standardisation series of ISO 14040-43. The area of study, Tamil Nadu the most southern state of India, accounts for more than 90% of India’s knitwear exports to Western Europe. The main conclusion is that the Life Cycle Inventory could bean appropriate method to be used within the textile industry but the main advantage may not be in solving problems but instead framing them in a distinctive way and making people aware of them. An approach that combines life cycle and sustainability concepts could be a way towards enhanced corporate responsibility.

Cette thèse présente différents développements à la méthode analyse de cycle de vie (ACV) afin d'améliorer le niveau de considération des spécificités spatiotemporelles lors de la modélisation de systèmes. Ces développements abordent la question de la caractérisation des flux décrivant les systèmes. La discussion débute par une analyse des développements récents de la méthode ACV en ce qui concerne la considération des spécificités spatiotemporelles dans les différentes phases de cette méthode. Cette analyse identifie des lacunes quant à la pertinence des modes de caractérisation spatiale et temporelle existants. Un nouveau mode de caractérisation spatiotemporelle est alors pro-posé. La représentativité du système modélisé, le potentiel de précision de la caractérisation et le temps de travail nécessaire à la modélisation de différents systèmes sont trois critères importants qui ont été considérés pour la création de ce nouveau mode de caractérisation spatiotemporelle. Le nouveau mode proposé permet en particulier d'améliorer la généricité des processus définissant des systèmes dans différentes bases de données. Celui-ci permet ainsi de diminuer l'augmentation inévitable du travail lié à la caractérisation temporelle des systèmes. Le nouveau mode de caractérisation temporelle requiert toutefois une modification importante de la méthode de calcul des inventaires cycle de vie en raison de l'utilisation de distributions temporelles. La faisabilité de l'utilisation de ce nouveau mode et de la nouvelle méthode de calcul d'inventaire est ensuite démontrée par leurs mises en œuvre pour différents cas d'études de production d'énergie à partir de sources renouvelables. Les deux cas d'études retenus permettent de souligner l'intérêt d'une telle caractérisation spatiotemporelle accédant ainsi à une modélisation plus représentative des systèmes en fonction du niveau de précision retenu. Avec cette nouvelle approche nommée ESPA+, l'accès à ce niveau de représentativité s'accompagne cependant d'une diminution du potentiel de complétude de l'analyse. En effet, la méthode de calcul permet difficilement de dynamiser la totalité des systèmes modélisés. / This thesis presents various developments to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method to improve the consideration of spatiotemporal specificities when modeling systems. These developments handle the question of how to characterize the various systems' flows. The discussion begins with an analysis of recent developments for the LCA method regarding the consideration of spatiotemporal characteristics in different phases of this method. This analysis identifies several weaknesses on how space and time are characterized today. A new spatiotemporal characterization mode is therefore proposed to minimize the adverse effects of existing characterization modes. Representativeness of the modeled system, potential accuracy of the characterization and the amount of time necessary for system modeling are three important criteria considered for the elaboration of this new spatiotemporal characterization mode. The new mode specifically improves the “genericity” of processes which are used to model systems in different databases. This “genericity” allows a reduction in the unavoidable workload increase related to the time characterization. The new method, however, requires a major change in the method of calculating life cycle inventories due to the use of temporal distributions. The feasibility of using this new method and the method of calculating inventory is then illustrated by their implementation through different case studies related to energy generation from renewable sources. The two case studies selected highlight the relevance of considering spatiotemporal characterization to model systems in a more representative way depending on the level of preci-sion used. With this new approach, named ESPA+, this higher level of representation, however, brings a potential decrease of completeness for the analysis of the system. Indeed, it is difficult to model the spatiotemporal characteristics of a complete system.

The degradation of natural resources as a result of consumption to support the economic growth of humans society represents one of the greatest sustainability challenges. In order to allow economic growth to continue in a sustainable way, it has to be decoupled from the consumption and destruction of natural resources. This thesis focuses on an innovative manufacturing technology called additive manufacturing (AM) and its potential to become a more efficient and cleaner manufacturing alternative. The thesis also investigates the benefits of accessing the technology through the result-oriented Product-Service Systems (PSS) approach. The outcome of the study is the quantification of raw materials and energy consumption. The scope of study is the application of AM in the scale model kit industry. The methods used are the life cycle inventory study and the system dynamics modeling. The result shows that AM has higher efficiency in terms of raw material usage, however it also has higher energy consumption in comparison to the more traditional manufacturing techniques. The result-oriented PSS approach is shown to be able to reduce the amount of manufacturing equipment needed, thus reducing the energy and raw materials used to produce the equipment, but does not completely decouple economic growth from the consumption of natural resources.

The prospect of reducing environmental impacts is a key driver for the research and development (R&D) of new forest products. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is often used for assessing the environmental impact of such products, e.g. for the purpose of guiding R&D. The aim of this thesis is to improve the methods and practices of LCA work carried out in the R&D of forest products. Six research questions were formulated from research needs identified in LCA work in five technical inter-organisational R&D projects. These projects also provided contexts for the case studies that were used to address the research questions. The main contributions of the research are as follows: Regarding the planning of LCA work in inter-organisational R&D projects, the research identified four characteristics that appear to be important to consider when selecting the roles of LCAs in such projects: (i) the project’s potential influence on environmental impacts, (ii) the degrees of freedom available for the technical direction of the project, (iii) the project’s potential to provide required input to the LCA, and (iv) access to relevant audiences for the LCA results. Regarding the modelling of future forest product systems, it was found that (i) it is important to capture uncertainties related to the technologies of end-of-life processes, the location of processes and the occurrence of land use change; and (ii) the choice of method for handling multi-functionality can strongly influence results in LCAs of forest products, particularly in consequential studies and in studies of relatively small co-product flows. Regarding the assessment of environmental impacts of particular relevance for forest products, it was found that using established climate impact assessment practices can cause LCA practitioners to miss environmental hot-spots and make erroneous conclusions about the performance of forest products vis-à-vis non-forest alternatives, particularly in studies aimed at short-term impact mitigation. Also, a new approach for inventorying water cycle alterations was developed, which made it possible to capture catchment-scale effects of forestry never captured before. To connect the LCA results to global challenges, a procedure was proposed for translating the planetary boundaries into absolute product-scale targets for impact reduction, e.g. to be used for evaluating interventions for product improvements or for managing trade-offs between impact categories.

Afin d’accompagner les acteurs des filières viticoles, notamment d’AOC, dans la nécessaire amélioration de l’éco-efficience de leurs produits, nous avons voulu identifier dans quelles conditions l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie est une méthode appropriée à l'évaluation environnementale des itinéraires techniques viticoles (ITKv) de production de raisins de qualité, à l’échelle parcellaire, afin de pouvoir choisir les plus performants. Pour établir et tester un cadre méthodologique de l’ACV, adapté à cet objectif, des ITKv réels et variés visant un même objectif qualitatif sont nécessaires. Nous proposons ici une chaîne de traitement d’enquête originale, Typ-iti, qui permet le choix de cas réels représentant chaque groupe. Cinq groupes ont ainsi été identifiés parmi les ITKv de production de raisins de Chenin blanc pour vins blancs secs d’AOC en Moyenne Vallée de la Loire, dont trois en viticulture conventionnelle et deux en viticulture biologique. Cinq cas réels ont été choisis pour les représenter. L’ACV est ici déclinée pour la viticulture sur la base de ces cinq cas, par l’établissement d’un cadre méthodologique qui comprend : i) la définition de limites du système incluant les phases non productives et productives, ii) le choix des modèles disponibles les plus pertinents, pour le calcul des émissions directes de polluants à la vigne, iii) l’adaptation fine du modèle d’émissions de pesticides organiques Pest LCI 2.0 aux spécificités viticoles, iv) la proposition et le test d’unités fonctionnelles basées sur un indicateur de qualité du raisin original permettant la prise en compte de la qualité dans les ACV de raisins destinés à la production de vins de qualité. L’ACV a révélé, à l’échelle parcellaire, i) des éco-efficiences contrastées pour les cinq ITKv contrastés, ii) les pratiques responsables de ces contrastes, iii) des solutions d’amélioration et leurs effets quantifiés sur les performances environnementales. La généricité des résultats de ces cas aux groupes qu’ils représentent varie selon l’homogénéité des groupes et avec les catégories d’impacts selon qu’elles sont, ou non, conditionnées par le milieu. L’effet important du millésime sur les résultats, mis en évidence ici sur un cas, mérite d’être pris en compte dans toute ACV viticole. De nombreuses perspectives d’améliorations méthodologiques sont discutées ici pour accroître la pertinence et la complétude des résultats ainsi que la généricité de la méthode et pour son application auprès d’acteurs du développement des filières viticoles. / In order to contribute to the effort of eco-efficiency improvement of the wine sctor, especially in the Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) contaxt, we worked to identify in which conditions Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an appropriate method for environmental assessment, at plot scale, of quality vineyard Technical Management Routes (TMRs), to permit the choice of the most eco-efficient technical operations and TMRs.A methodological framework for LCA suited to this objective was designed and tested on five real and contrasted TMRs, oriented towards a same qualitative objective. These cases were chosen thanks to an original statistical analysis chain, Typ-iti, on the basis of a survey, among the TMRs producing Chenin blanc grapes for PDO dry white wines in the Middle Lore Valley. Five groups were identified and characterized, threee in conventional viticulture, and two in organic viticulture.The methodological framework that was established includes i) the studied system definition including productive and non-productive phases, ii) the choice of the most suitable and available models for calculation of pollutant direct emissions in the vineyard, iii) the customization of the organic pesticide emision calculation model, Pest LCI 2.0, to viticulture specific needs iv) the inclusion of grape quality in the LCA by two functional units including an original grape quality index.LCA proves to be a method complex but powerful, usable at parcel scale for grape production TMRs choice. It revealed i) contrasted eco-efficiencies for the 5 contrasted TMRs, ii) the viticultural practices responsible for these contrasts, iii) solutions for eco-efficiency improvement and quantification of their eco-efficiency effects.The important effect of the production year on the results, highlighted here on one case, must be taken into account in any viticulture LCA. Numerous perspectives of methodological improvement are discussed here in order to increase relevance and completeness of the results as well as genericity of the method and its accessibility for viticulture development stakeholders.

Die vorliegende Ausgabe beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema „Erstellung einer Sachbilanz-Studie und Modellierung des Lebensweges von Operationstextilien". Das Ergebnis der Sachbilanz ist, dass die Mehrwegtextilien, im Vergleich zu den Einwegtextilien, einen geringeren Stoff- und Energiefluss erzeugen. Die Modellierung der Lebenszyklen ist in der Software Umberto vorgenommen. Sie visualisiert die Stoffflüsse zwischen den einzelnen Modulen des Lebensweges sehr gut. Es konnte verdeutlicht werden, dass der Wasserfluss der mengenmäßig größte Stoffstrom ist. Die größten Wasserverbräuche werden bei den Mehrwegtextilien in der Wäscherei und der Textilveredlung getätigt; bei den Einwegtextilien sind dies hingegen die Textilveredlung und die Kunststoffherstellung. Als Ergebnis der gesamten Überlegungen wird festgehalten, dass die erstellte Sachbilanz einen guten Hinweis auf die Umweltverträglichkeit der OP-Textilien gibt. Eine anschließende Ökobilanz, aufbauend auf den gewonnenen Daten, könnte die ermittelten Ergebnisse bestätigen.

La transition énergétique est un enjeu crucial du XXIème siècle, en particulier pour réduire les conséquences néfastes du changement climatique. Cependant, cette transition est sujette à de nombreux risques : économiques, géologiques, sociaux, environnementaux et géopolitiques. Afin de pouvoir évaluer la vulnérabilité et les conditions de faisabilité des scénarios de transition énergétique, il est nécessaire de pouvoir évaluer la chaine de valeur technologique et géographique des technologies impliquées dans le système énergétique.Les outils actuels tels que les analyses de cycle de vie (ACV) permettent de prendre en compte la chaine de valeur technologique, mais les données relatives aux ACV ne fournissent pas ou peu d’information sur la chaine de valeur géographique. Les modèle d’entrées-sorties économiques (IOA), en particulier ceux mutlirégionaux (MRIO), s’ils fournissent des données sur les échanges économiques bilatéraux, donc une estimation des échanges régionalisés, sont des modèles très agrégés. Les nomenclatures des activités économiques et des catégories de produits prisent en compte sont restreintes. Le travail réalisé au sein de cette thèse vise à exploiter les informations des outils ACV et MRIO, profitant des avantages de chacun, c’est à dire l’information technologique des premiers et l’information régionalisée des seconds. Une nouvelle méthodologie est proposée pour régionaliser les inventaires de cycle de vie d’ACV à partir des données MRIO. Cette méthodologie permet, à partir d’une base de données ACV de processus industriels, d’exploiter l’information géographique des processus lorsqu’elle existe et d’exploiter les informations d’échanges économiques bilatéraux des MRIO pour estimer cette information lorsqu’elle n’existe pas. Un soin particulier est pris afin de faire correspondre les activités et les produits selon leurs géographies.Les outils qui découlent de ces travaux sont la première étape à l’évaluation des scénarios de la transition énergétique. En particulier, ils permettent de réaliser des inventaires de cycle de vie régionalisés pour évaluer les besoins et les impacts des technologies impliquées dans la transition énergétique. Cependant, des travaux supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour prendre en compte la dimension temporelle des scénarios de transition énergétique.Cette nouvelle méthode nécessite l’usage de nombreuses données de sources différentes. Afin de gérer ces données, une plateforme internet collaborative a été mise en place, qui permet de dissocier la gestion des données de leur usage. Une réflexion sur la gestion de la donnée a amené à penser de manière différente la structure des données relatives à l’écologie industrielle. Une nouvelle architecture sémantique, aussi appelée ontologie, a été développée pour faciliter la gestion des données, mais aussi leur maintient et leur évolution dans le temps, que ce soit pour un utilisateur unique, ou dans le cadre d’une gestion collaborative. / The energy transition is a decisive issue of the XXIth century, particularly in relation to the reduction of the harmful consequences of the climatic changes. However, this transition is subjected to several hazards : economic, geologic, social, environmental and geopolitical ones. In order to evaluate the vulnerability and the conditions of feasibility of the energy transition scenarios it is necessary to be able to evaluate the supply chain of the technologies related to the energy system, in the technological and but also geographical dimensions.The current studies such as the life cycle assessments (LCA) allow to take into account the supply chain in the technological dimension, but these studies do not provide or only few information about the geographical dimension. At the opposite, the Input-Output Analysis (IOA), particularly the multiregional ones (MRIO) provide an information about the regional exchanges by categories of products, but are very aggregated. The nomenclatures of the economical activities and the categories of products taken into account are restricted. The works realized within this thesis aim to exploit the best of each tool, i.e. the technological information from the LCA and the geographical information from the MRIO. A new methodology is proposed to regionalize the LCA inventory with the MRIO data. This methodology allows to use the geographical information of the LCA data when it exists or otherwise use the geographical information from MRIO to estimate it. A particular attention is paid to get a realistic model, i.e. to match the activities and the products with real geographical data.The tools produced in this thesis are the first step to evaluate the energy transition scenarios. Particularly, they allow to realize regionalized LCA inventories to evaluate the needs and impacts of the technologies involved in the energy transition. However, additional works are necessary to take into account the temporal dimension of the energy transition scenarios.The new method needs to manipulate a lot of different data from different sources. In order to manage these data a new collaborative web platform has been set up. It allows to manipulate the data through a web interface as well as uses them in calculation frameworks. In order to facilitate the evolution of the tools and the manipulation of the data, a work about how to structure and manipulate the information was realized. A new semantic architecture — called computer ontology — has been developed to facilitate the management of the knowledges but also the maintenance and the integration of new knowledges. The collaborative framework can fit the specifications for a one person usage or a community.

In this thesis, a framework is constructed for a life cycle assessment within a civilengineering project. There are various methods available on how to conduct lifecycle assessments and this thesis explores one method related to civil engineeringworks. The assessment follows the structure based in related standards such asEN 15804 which describes how to declare construction products. A working copyof a possible upcoming European level standard for sustainability assessment ofcivil engineering works is also used in the process. The object of assessment arethe materials, concrete and steel, in the retaining walls that are constructed alongthe channel near Södertälje Harbour. This is a part of a larger project, called theMälar Project.The life cycle of these type of constructions often stretches over long periodsof time which leaves a lot of uncertainties while estimating the impacts during thelater life stages. The research problem is much about how to handle the differentmodules of the life cycle regarding civil engineering works.Example data were collected and presented for each module of the life stage.The results of the example data showed that most of the impact came from theproduct stage. The conclusions are that the collection of data should be an integratedpart in the operating procedures for the company for a more efficientprocess, Environmental Product Declarations are a good source of data and standardson European level gives good guidelines on how to conduct a life cycleassessment for civil engineering projects. / I detta examensarbete konstrueras ett ramverk för hur en livscykelanalys kan utförasinom väg- och vattenbyggnad. Det finns många olika riktlinjer för hur enlivscykelanalys kan utföras och i detta examensarbete utforskas en metod för projektinom väg- och vattenbyggnad. Arbetet följer strukturen ur EN 15804 sombeskriver hur man bedömer byggprodukter. Ett arbetsexemplar av en ny, möjligstandard på Europanivå för miljöbedömning av projekt inom väg- och vatten användsockså i processen. Det som bedöms via livscykelanalys i denna studie är deingående materialen, stål och betong, i hållväggarna som byggs längs med kanalenvid Södertälje Hamn. Detta är en del av ett större projekt, kallat Mälarprojektet.Livscyklerna för denna typ av projekt är oftast väldigt långa vilket skapar enosäkerhet i data då påverkan för senare delar av livscykeln behöver uppskattas.Problematiken som presenteras handlar mycket om hur modulerna för livscykelnska behandlas för denna typ av projekt.Exempeldata samlades in för de olika modulerna och presenterades i tabellersom täcker alla relevanta delar av livscykeln. Resultatet av exempeldatan visadeatt den mesta påverkan kom från produktstadiet. De slutsatser som dras är attinsamlingen av data bör vara en integrerad del av företagets arbetsmetod fören effektiv process, miljödeklarationer är en bra källa till data och standards påEuropanivå ger bra guidelinjer för hur en livscykelanalys kan utföras för liknandeprojekt.