De klassiska sjökrigsteorierna har åtskilliga år på nacken. Fortfarande anses emellertid Julius S. Corbetts och Alfred T. Mahans idéer äga sin giltighet – trots att den tidigare var verksam under första halvan 1900-talet och den senare under framförallt den andra halvan av 1800-talet. Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka huruvida dessa teoretikers syn på strategier i sjökriget som fenomen kan anses relevanta i det moderna sjökriget. Slaget om Falklandsöarna i början 1980-talet har betecknats som en av de första drabbningarna till sjöss som utspelats i en modern telekrigsmiljö. Utgångspunkt har varit att studera i vilken utsträckning Corbetts och Mahans teorier kan skönjas i utförandet av den brittiska operationsplanen i Falklandskriget. Genom en kvalitativ textanalys av Mahans och Corbetts litterära verk, och litteratur om dessa, har adekvata indikatorer tagits fram. Dessa har jämförts med en fallstudie som utgjorts av Falklandskriget. Slutsatsen blev att teorierna – och då framförallt Corbetts tankar – äger sin giltighet, om än inte bokstavligen och i varje detalj, men som en övergripande förklaring på vilket sätt framgång i modern sjökrigsföring kan uppnås. / The classic naval theories have been around for a considerable sum of time. Despite of these circumstances the ideas of Julius S. Corbett and Alfred T. Mahan are still regarded to be obligated their validity – even though that the foremost of them was active under the first part of the 1900 and the latter active particularly during the second part of the 1800. The purpose of the paper has been to examine whether these naval thinker view on strategy in naval warfare could be considered to be relevant in the modern naval warfare. The battle for the Falklands islands in the beginning of 1980 have been designated as one of the first encounters on the high seas that was situated in a modern electronic warfare environment. The starting point has been to study in which extension Corbett’s and Mahan’s theories could be notices in the execution of the British campaign plan in the Falklands war. Through a qualitative text study of Mahan’s and Corbett’s literary creation, and literature about them, adequate indicators have been brought forward. These have been comprehended with a case study consisting of the Falklands war. The conclusion where that the theories – particularly Corbett’s thoughts – still posses, if not figuratively and in every aspect, but as an overlooking clarification through in which way the success in modern navel warfare ought to be accomplished.

Floran av militärteoretiska verk är mycket omfattande och varierad avseende de idéer somframförs. Samtidigt har många debattörer ifrågasatt värdet av sjökrigsteori och dess påverkan påoperationerna. Man kan ifrågasätta om personer i position att påverka operationernasgenomförande läser litteratur om sjökrigsteori och om de i så fall applicerar dessa tankar. Syftetmed denna uppsats är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning teoretiserande kring sjökrig förefaller hanågon inverkan på krigs förande och hur sjökrigsoperationer bedrivs. De frågeställningar somavses besvaras är: vilka idéer kan sägas utgöra grunden för Corbetts och Mahans respektive teorierom sjökrig och i vilken utsträckning går det att återfinna dessa teoretikers tankar hos deundersökta befattningshavarna i samband med sjökrigsoperationerna under det första världskriget?Detta avses göras genom att analysera Corbetts och Mahans utgivna verk för att skapa en bild avderas huvudsakliga tankar. Dessa jämförs sedan för att utkristallisera skillnader dem emellan.Skillnaderna används sedan som indikatorer i den vidare utredningen vilken består av en analys avde centrala beslutsfattarnas utgivna korrespondens i syfte att klargöra vilka syften de hade medoperationerna. Uppsatsens teoretiska grund ligger i Goldstein och Keohanes tankar om idéerspåverkan på handlingsmönster.Slutsatserna som dras är att båda teoretikernas idéer verkar ha påverkat beslutsfattarna fast i olikafrågor och i olika omfattning. Tänkbara orsaker till detta diskuteras i det avslutande kapitlet. / The amount of literature about military theory is abundant and differs significantly concerningthe content. At the same time, several debaters have questioned the value of naval theory andits influence on operations. It is reasonable to raise the question of whether people in aposition to make decisions concerning the conduct of operations read this literature, and if so,do they apply these thoughts? The purpose of this essay is to analyse to what extent navaltheory seem to have an impact upon the conduct of operations. It will answer the followingquestions: which are the basic ideas concerning naval warfare in Corbett’s and Mahan’s navaltheories and to what extent are these theorists thoughts to be found in the naval operationsconducted during the First World War?The analysis will be carried out by exploring the main ideas of Julian Corbett and AlfredMahan respectively. These ideas will thereafter be compared in order to bring forward thedifferences between them. The resulting differences will be used as indicators in the followinganalysis of the selected decision-maker's correspondence with the purpose of clarifying theirobject when planning and ordering operations. The theoretical foundation is taken from thethoughts about the influence of ideas on policy presented by Goldstein and Keohane.The conclusions show that both theorists seems to have influenced the decision-makers, but indifferent issues and to a different extent. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 04-06

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 486-536).

Theorists of military effectiveness have, through the course of time, developed principles explaining ways in which victory is efficiently enabled in battle. However, as a result of technological developments as well as a lack of empirical research, the principle of concentration is now questioned in terms of its explanatory value when applied in the context of modern naval warfare. Its questioning finds even more foundation in light of the fact that it still has a place in naval doctrines. This study therefore aims to examine whether the fundamental basics of the principle are applicable as a concept leading to success in modern naval operations where missiles are used as the main source of weaponry. Thus, are theories on concentration of force, formed by Sun Zi, Antonie- Henri Jomini and Alfred Thayer Mahan, used to create a theoretical framework which then functions as an analytical tool in analysing the Israeli success in 1973 and the Argentine failure in 1982. Accordingly, the result of this analysis offers convincing evidence for the principle of concentration in terms of its continued applicability in modern naval warfare in spite of environmental changes caused by technology. However, more research is needed if further conclusions are to be drawn in terms of generalizability.

In 1890, the American naval officer and scholar Alfred Thayer Mahan formulated as a theory that seapower brings prosperity. This thesis in War Science tests whether Mahan’s theory remains valid in the modern day. A multi-disciplinary approach is taken, wherein a financial event study method is employed for hypothesis testing. Prosperity is the product of many factors that interact in complex systems. Consequently, isolating the positive contribution of seapower is difficult. Its influence is therefore inferred from its absence, in the form of failure to protect shipment of a key commodity. By the logic of the operationalisation, insufficient seapower results in attacks on shipping. Information of attacks is promptly reflected in asset prices on intensively traded financial markets. A negative change in a stock market index represents a reduction in the value of the traded assets. This in turn implies a negative contribution to national prosperity. Specifically, attacks on supertankers are used as empirical data. The ensuing impact is measured in first order effects on oil prices and second order effects on stock market returns. A strong correlation is found between attacks on supertankers and oil price shocks. A sufficiently strong impact is found on stock market returns to allow for arguing that Mahan’s theory retains validity. Given recent developments in major power relations, Mahanian postulates may be more in fashion now than in the previous century. The findings complement previous research on the benefits from seapower, naval presence and maritime security. In addition to general policy implications from exhibiting the significance of seapower, an elaboration on the current security situation’s ramifications for small states. Thereby it situates seapower in its grand strategic context.

Fleets have the ability to affect an adversary’s use of the seas for transportation. Nations have in numerous occasions exercised this power in order to ravage their opponent’s trade in times of conflict with the purpose of diminishing their military might. Great naval thinkers like Mahan and Corbett have described this use of seapower during conflicts in great depth but theories regarding the use of seapower to affect a nation’s peacetime economy in order to achieve limited political goals is lacking. This thesis attempts to analyze the use of seapower in the form of economic sanctions to answer the question; “How is seapower exercised in economic sanctions?” in order to remedy this. The results show that seapower is mostly used to halt the inward flow of goods to a nation and general sanctions are more often used than sanctions targeting specific commodities. What these sanctions aim to achieve is often to limit military capacity and to disrupt military aggression. This thesis comes to the conclusions that a force capable of operating anywhere on the globe for an extended period of time is vital for the effectiveness of economic sanctions, seapower is a necessary part of the enforcement of economic sanctions and that naval theory has been too preoccupied with large scale conflicts and neglected the use of seapower to achieve limited political goals with economic measures during times of peace.

Orientador : Francisco Carlos Teixeira da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Sociais, 2008. / Inclui bibliografias. / Documento disponível em meio magnético na Seção de Multimídia da Biblioteca da EGN (CD-MA-17) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-14T18:06:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009

Alfred Thayer Mahan and Julian Stafford Corbett, two of the most influential and important strategists of sea power in the beginning of the twentieth century. Their theories today form the basis for several of the theories of sea power that exist today. The societal changes have led to the development of the naval warfare´s character until today. Despite developments in the history of naval warfare and it´s characteristics over the century there are being debated about the principles of sea power that Mahan and Corbett wrote might still be valid or not. The aim of this essay is to investigate whether Mahan and Corbetts principles of sea power during the Falklands war as a case study might still be valid or not. The examination is carried out by analysing Mahan and Corbetts principles of blockade, establish of sea command and exercise of sea command respectively to extract variables in the theory and examine on the case Falklands war. The results of this case study shows that the theories military blockade, naval blockade and establish of sea command are still valid to a certain extent but more research is needed to determine the principles general validity in the naval warfare today.

Advent of ultrashort lasers made it possible to probe various scattering phenomena in materials that occur in a time scale on the order of few femtoseconds to several tens of picoseconds. Nonlinear optical spectroscopy techniques, such as pump-probe, transient four wave mixing (TFWM), etc., are very common to study the carrier dynamics in various material systems. In time domain, the transient FWM uses several ultrashort pulses separated by time delays to obtain the information of dephasing and population relaxation times, which are very important parameters that govern the carrier dynamics of materials. A recently developed multidimensional nonlinear optical spectroscopy is an enhanced version of TFWM which keeps track of two time delays simultaneously and correlate them in the frequency domain with the aid of Fourier transform in a two dimensional map. Using this technique, the nonlinear complex signal field is characterized both in amplitude and phase. Furthermore, this technique allows us to identify the coupling between resonances which are rather difficult to interpret from time domain measurements. This work focuses on the study of the coherent response of a two dimensional electron gas formed in a modulation doped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well both at zero and at high magnetic fields. In modulation doped quantum wells, the excitons are formed as a result of the inter- actions of the charged holes with the electrons at the Fermi edge in the conduction band, leading to the formation of Mahan excitons, which is also referred to as Fermi edge singularity (FES). Polarization and temperature dependent rephasing 2DFT spectra in combination with TI-FWM measurements, provides insight into the dephasing mechanism of the heavy hole (HH) Mahan exciton. In addition to that strong quantum coherence between the HH and LH Mahan excitons is observed, which is rather surprising at this high doping concentration. The binding energy of Mahan excitons is expected to be greatly reduced and any quantum coherence be destroyed as a result of the screening and electron-electron interactions. Such correlations are revealed by the dominating cross-diagonal peaks in both one-quantum and two-quantum 2DFT spectra. Theoretical simulations based on the optical Bloch Equations (OBE) where many-body effects are included phenomenologically, corroborate the experimental results. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations provide insight into the underlying physics and attribute the observed strong quantum coherence to a significantly reduced screening length and collective excitations of the many-electron system. Furthermore, in semiconductors under the application of magnetic field, the energy states in conduction and valence bands become quantized and Landau levels are formed. We observe optical excitation originating from different Landau levels in the absorption spectra in an undoped and a modulation doped quantum wells. 2DFT measurements in magnetic field up to 25 Tesla have been performed and the spectra reveal distinct difference in the line shapes in the two samples. In addition, strong coherent coupling between landau levels is observed in the undoped sample. In order to gain deeper understanding of the observations, the experimental results are further supported with TD-DFT calculation.

Inom krigsvetenskapen används asymmetrisk konfliktteori för att förklara utkomsten av konflikter. Data under 1900-talets andra hälft visar att mer än varannan asymmetrisk konflikt slutar till den svagares fördel. Hur kan en relativt svagare aktör dra fördel av detta? Med en kritisk teoriutvecklande ansats syftar arbetet till att studera hur relativt svagare aktörer kan dra fördel av asymmetriska strategier i marin miljö. Detta sker genom att placera begreppet strategisk interaktion i relation till marina strategier vilket bildar arbetets teoretiska ramverk och på så sätt bidrar till en utveckling av teoribildningen. Genom en hypotesprövande fallstudie av sjöfartskriget i konflikten mellan Iran och Irak uppvisar det teoretiska ramverket samverkande förklaringsfaktorer. Detta innebär att strategisk interaktion inte entydigt eller enskilt kan förklara utkomsten av asymmetriska konflikter. Två kompletterande och i någon mån konkurrerande faktorer visar sig ha stort förklaringsvärde, intresseasymmetri och hur väl rustad den relativt svagare aktören är. Konkret betyder detta att en kombination av oväntad teknik och taktik tillsammans med en tydlig intensitet i uppträdandet kan påverka utkomsten av konflikten. Studiens viktigaste resultat visar att framtida studier fordras för att bekräfta interaktionseffekterna i det teoretiska ramverket och hur arbetets beroende variabel – framgång ska förstås av samtiden.