A logística permite desenvolver estratégias para a redução de custos e aumento do nível de serviço ofertado ao cliente. A tomada de decisão sobre a empresa executar internamente as atividades logísticas ou terceirizar essas atividades é uma decisão tão importante que na grande maioria das empresas ela é feita em nível de Diretoria ou Gerência. A tendência empresarial de manter o foco no negócio é uma estratégia que vem sendo adotada cada vez mais pelas empresas. Consequentemente, atividades fora do core business estão sendo terceirizadas. No setor de distribuição de produtos químicos verifica-se a presença tanto de empresas que terceirizam suas atividades logísticas quanto de empresas que verticalizam, não havendo uma unanimidade a respeito no setor. Dado este contexto, o objetivo da pesquisa é o de analisar a adoção da verticalização ou da terceirização das atividades logísticas em empresas distribuidoras de produtos químicos. Assim, a questão de pesquisa é: Por que as empresas adotam a estratégia de verticalização ou de terceirização de suas atividades logísticas? A pesquisa é qualitativa descritiva e aplicou o método de estudo de caso, através da investigação de casos múltiplos realizada em empresas distribuidoras de produtos químicos. A pesquisa utilizou como fontes de evidência entrevistas e análise de documentos, sendo inicialmente feitos dois estudos de caso pilotos e após as devidas correções foram feitos mais dois estudos de casos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a constatação dos seguintes fatores como sendo motivadores da adoção da verticalização das atividades logísticas: reduzir custos, ter maior controle da operação, aumentar os níveis de serviço logístico e focar em logística (competência central) foram determinantes, enquanto dispor de habilidades e recursos e aumentar a proximidade com o cliente foram considerados importantes. O fator atender todos os requisitos logísticos do negócio não foi levado em consideração na adoção da verticalização das empresas. Em relação à terceirização das atividades logísticas, os seguintes fatores foram identificados como motivadores de sua adoção: reduzir investimentos em ativos, reduzir custos e focar no core business foram determinantes, enquanto os fatores expandir mercados e aumentar a flexibilidade da operação foram considerados importantes. Os fatores: ter acesso a competências externas; melhorar as tecnologias de informação utilizadas e aumentar os níveis de serviço logístico não foram fatores considerados pelas empresas quando optam por terceirizar suas atividades logísticas. Assim, a dissertação buscou trazer contribuições para a área de Logística, pois explorou e analisou um tema sempre considerado atual e estratégico que é o da terceirização ou verticalização das atividades logísticas, em um mesmo contexto. Já para a prática gerencial, a principal contribuição pretendida foi a de fornecer subsídios para ajudar os executivos de logística na tomada de decisão terceirizar x verticalizar. / Logistics allow the company to develop strategies for cost reduction and increase the level of the service offered to the client. For the company to make the decision of executing internally the logistics activities or to outsource these activities is such an important one that in most of the companies this decision is made by the directors or managers. The companies’ trend to keep the focus on the business is a strategy which has been adopted more and more. Consequently, activities out of the core business of the companies are being outsourced. In the sector of distribution of chemicals we can observe the presence of companies that outsource their logistics activities and companies that insource, meaning that there is no unanimity about this in the sector. Given this context, the objective of the research is to analyze the adoption of insourcing or outsourcing of logistics activities in chemicals distribution companies. Thus, the research question is: Why do companies adopt the strategy of insourcing or outsourcing their logistics activities? The qualitative research is descriptive and applied the method of case studies, by investigating multiple cases performed in distributors of chemicals. The research used interviews as sources of evidence and analysis of documents and initially two pilot case studies were made and after corrections two more case studies were made. The results led to the finding of the following factors as drivers of the adoption of the vertical integration of logistics activities: reduce costs, greater control of the operation, increase levels of service and focus on logistics (core competency) were determinants, while having skills and resources and increase customer proximity were important. The factor meet all the requirements of the logistics business was not taken into consideration in the adoption of vertical integration of enterprises. Regarding outsourcing logistics activities, the following factors were identified as motivators of the adoption: reduce asset investment, reduce costs and focus on core business were decisive factors while the factors market expansion and increase the flexibility of the operation were considered important. The factors: have access to external expertise, improve the information technology used and increase levels of logistical service were not considered by companies when they choose to outsource their logistics activities.The dissertation sought to bring contributions to the field of logistics, since it explored and analyzed a theme that is always current and strategic, which is the outsourcing or insourcing of logistics activities, in the same context. For the management practice, the main contribution intended was to provide information that can help the logistics executives in the decision to outsource x insource.

A logística permite desenvolver estratégias para a redução de custos e aumento do nível de serviço ofertado ao cliente. A tomada de decisão sobre a empresa executar internamente as atividades logísticas ou terceirizar essas atividades é uma decisão tão importante que na grande maioria das empresas ela é feita em nível de Diretoria ou Gerência. A tendência empresarial de manter o foco no negócio é uma estratégia que vem sendo adotada cada vez mais pelas empresas. Consequentemente, atividades fora do core business estão sendo terceirizadas. No setor de distribuição de produtos químicos verifica-se a presença tanto de empresas que terceirizam suas atividades logísticas quanto de empresas que verticalizam, não havendo uma unanimidade a respeito no setor. Dado este contexto, o objetivo da pesquisa é o de analisar a adoção da verticalização ou da terceirização das atividades logísticas em empresas distribuidoras de produtos químicos. Assim, a questão de pesquisa é: Por que as empresas adotam a estratégia de verticalização ou de terceirização de suas atividades logísticas? A pesquisa é qualitativa descritiva e aplicou o método de estudo de caso, através da investigação de casos múltiplos realizada em empresas distribuidoras de produtos químicos. A pesquisa utilizou como fontes de evidência entrevistas e análise de documentos, sendo inicialmente feitos dois estudos de caso pilotos e após as devidas correções foram feitos mais dois estudos de casos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a constatação dos seguintes fatores como sendo motivadores da adoção da verticalização das atividades logísticas: reduzir custos, ter maior controle da operação, aumentar os níveis de serviço logístico e focar em logística (competência central) foram determinantes, enquanto dispor de habilidades e recursos e aumentar a proximidade com o cliente foram considerados importantes. O fator atender todos os requisitos logísticos do negócio não foi levado em consideração na adoção da verticalização das empresas. Em relação à terceirização das atividades logísticas, os seguintes fatores foram identificados como motivadores de sua adoção: reduzir investimentos em ativos, reduzir custos e focar no core business foram determinantes, enquanto os fatores expandir mercados e aumentar a flexibilidade da operação foram considerados importantes. Os fatores: ter acesso a competências externas; melhorar as tecnologias de informação utilizadas e aumentar os níveis de serviço logístico não foram fatores considerados pelas empresas quando optam por terceirizar suas atividades logísticas. Assim, a dissertação buscou trazer contribuições para a área de Logística, pois explorou e analisou um tema sempre considerado atual e estratégico que é o da terceirização ou verticalização das atividades logísticas, em um mesmo contexto. Já para a prática gerencial, a principal contribuição pretendida foi a de fornecer subsídios para ajudar os executivos de logística na tomada de decisão terceirizar x verticalizar. / Logistics allow the company to develop strategies for cost reduction and increase the level of the service offered to the client. For the company to make the decision of executing internally the logistics activities or to outsource these activities is such an important one that in most of the companies this decision is made by the directors or managers. The companies’ trend to keep the focus on the business is a strategy which has been adopted more and more. Consequently, activities out of the core business of the companies are being outsourced. In the sector of distribution of chemicals we can observe the presence of companies that outsource their logistics activities and companies that insource, meaning that there is no unanimity about this in the sector. Given this context, the objective of the research is to analyze the adoption of insourcing or outsourcing of logistics activities in chemicals distribution companies. Thus, the research question is: Why do companies adopt the strategy of insourcing or outsourcing their logistics activities? The qualitative research is descriptive and applied the method of case studies, by investigating multiple cases performed in distributors of chemicals. The research used interviews as sources of evidence and analysis of documents and initially two pilot case studies were made and after corrections two more case studies were made. The results led to the finding of the following factors as drivers of the adoption of the vertical integration of logistics activities: reduce costs, greater control of the operation, increase levels of service and focus on logistics (core competency) were determinants, while having skills and resources and increase customer proximity were important. The factor meet all the requirements of the logistics business was not taken into consideration in the adoption of vertical integration of enterprises. Regarding outsourcing logistics activities, the following factors were identified as motivators of the adoption: reduce asset investment, reduce costs and focus on core business were decisive factors while the factors market expansion and increase the flexibility of the operation were considered important. The factors: have access to external expertise, improve the information technology used and increase levels of logistical service were not considered by companies when they choose to outsource their logistics activities.The dissertation sought to bring contributions to the field of logistics, since it explored and analyzed a theme that is always current and strategic, which is the outsourcing or insourcing of logistics activities, in the same context. For the management practice, the main contribution intended was to provide information that can help the logistics executives in the decision to outsource x insource.

Projektarbetet utförs på uppdrag av Virtual Manufacturing AB (VM) där frågor gällande make or buy av specialtillverkade komponenter har undersökts och besvarats. VM tillverkar och säljer Lean Manufacturing Products, vilket är produktionshjälpmedel, som används inom en rad olika industrier. Idag tillverkas detaljer till deras produkter av andra företag både inom och utom Sverige och arbetet går ut på att undersöka om det skulle vara lönsamt för VM att själva börja producera detaljer in-house. Nuläget sammanställdes för att undersöka hur VM arbetar idag och vilka kostnader som finns kopplat till outsourcing. Inköpskostnaderna förspecialkomponenterna samlades in och sorterades utefter tillverkningsteknik. Därefter sammanställdes kostnader för in-housetillverkning så som investeringskostnader och tillverkningskostnader för kalkylering av lönsamheten i att investera i tillverkningsmaskiner för utförandet av förädling av specialkomponenter in-house. Utifrån de lönsamhetsanalyser som utfördes för de inköpta detaljerna valdes laserskärning, CNC-fräsning och 3-D Printing som de tillverkningstekniker som skulle undersökas. Slutsatsen från lönsamhetsanalyserna av laserskärning och CNC-fräsning visar att det ej är lönsamt för Virtual Manufacturing att köpa in maskiner och börja tillverka in-house. Då VM redan har 3D-printers visar lönsamhetsanalysen att kostnaden att producera är likvärdig med att köpa in färdiga detaljer. Detta innebär att Virtual Manufacturing kan välja att fortsätta tillverka in-house eller att outsourca tillverkningen. / The project work is carried out on behalf of Virtual Manufacturing AB (VM), where questions regarding the make or buy decision for special components were to be investigated and answered. VM manufactures and sells Lean Manufacturing Products, which are production aids used in various industries. Currently, the details for their products are manufactured by other companies both within and outside of Sweden. The aim of the work is to examine whether it would be profitable for VM to start producing details in-house. The current situation was compiled to investigate how VM operates today and what costs are associated with outsourcing. The procurement costs for the special components were collected and sorted by manufacturing technology. Subsequently, costs for in-house production were compiled, including investment costs and manufacturing costs, to assess the profitability of investing in manufacturing machines for in-house processing of the special components. The manufacturing technologies chosen to be examined in the work are laser cutting, CNC milling, and 3D printing. The conclusion from the profitability analyses of laser cutting and CNC milling shows that it is not profitable for Virtual Manufacturing to purchase machines and manufacture special components in-house. Since Virtual Manufacturing already has 3D printers, the profitability analysis made for 3D-printing shows that the cost of production in-house is equivalent to purchasing specialcomponents. This means that VM can choose to continue manufacturing in-house or outsource the production.

<p>Cardo AB is an international corporate group that has performed major organizational changes the last few years. These changes utilize possible synergies that exist in a corporate group. One of the initiatives is that Cardo wants to develop a model for make-or-buy decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is stated as:</p><p><em>The study’s purpose is to develop a generic model for make-or-buy decisions at Cardo.</em></p><p>To develop the model, a theoretical study was conducted, where four main aspects were identified: core capability, risk, cost and relationship. For each aspect, a tool to define what the aspects consist of was identified. The aspects were combined together into a model, called model version 1. To enhance and adjust the model to suit Cardo’s situation, an empirical study was conducted. In the empirical study, it was investigated how different sites within Cardo are currently working with make-or-buy decisions. Moreover, in the empirical study it was also revealed how Cardo is dealing with each of the aspects identified in theory. The combination of theory and empirical study formed the enhanced model, called model version 2. The last step in the procedure was to let several end-users review the model and suggest improvements. After this step, the final model was formed, called model version 3.The model combines the best practices from Cardo with the latest theoretical aspects. Using this model will help Cardo deal with make-or-buy decisions in a structured way. The model highlights the importance of connecting business strategy with the core capabilities of Cardo and provides a tool to identify this connection. Furthermore, the model highlights risks connected to outsourcing and provides tools to identify these risks. The model also applies a total cost approach. To calculate the different costs, a model is presented that functions as a guide when quantifying costs. Lastly, the model shows the importance of developing a proper relationship with the supplier according to the strategic importance of the product.Cardo AB is an international corporate group that has performed major organizational changes the last few years. These changes utilize possible synergies that exist in a corporate group. One of the initiatives is that Cardo wants to develop a model for make-or-buy decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is stated as:The study’s purpose is to develop a generic model for make-or-buy decisions at Cardo.To develop the model, a theoretical study was conducted, where four main aspects were identified: core capability, risk, cost and relationship. For each aspect, a tool to define what the aspects consist of was identified. The aspects were combined together into a model, called model version 1. To enhance and adjust the model to suit Cardo’s situation, an empirical study was conducted. In the empirical study, it was investigated how different sites within Cardo are currently working with make-or-buy decisions. Moreover, in the empirical study it was also revealed how Cardo is dealing with each of the aspects identified in theory. The combination of theory and empirical study formed the enhanced model, called model version 2. The last step in the procedure was to let several end-users review the model and suggest improvements. After this step, the final model was formed, called model version 3.The model combines the best practices from Cardo with the latest theoretical aspects. Using this model will help Cardo deal with make-or-buy decisions in a structured way. The model highlights the importance of connecting business strategy with the core capabilities of Cardo and provides a tool to identify this connection. Furthermore, the model highlights risks connected to outsourcing and provides tools to identify these risks. The model also applies a total cost approach. To calculate the different costs, a model is presented that functions as a guide when quantifying costs. Lastly, the model shows the importance of developing a proper relationship with the supplier according to the strategic importance of the product.</p>

Cardo AB is an international corporate group that has performed major organizational changes the last few years. These changes utilize possible synergies that exist in a corporate group. One of the initiatives is that Cardo wants to develop a model for make-or-buy decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is stated as: The study’s purpose is to develop a generic model for make-or-buy decisions at Cardo. To develop the model, a theoretical study was conducted, where four main aspects were identified: core capability, risk, cost and relationship. For each aspect, a tool to define what the aspects consist of was identified. The aspects were combined together into a model, called model version 1. To enhance and adjust the model to suit Cardo’s situation, an empirical study was conducted. In the empirical study, it was investigated how different sites within Cardo are currently working with make-or-buy decisions. Moreover, in the empirical study it was also revealed how Cardo is dealing with each of the aspects identified in theory. The combination of theory and empirical study formed the enhanced model, called model version 2. The last step in the procedure was to let several end-users review the model and suggest improvements. After this step, the final model was formed, called model version 3.The model combines the best practices from Cardo with the latest theoretical aspects. Using this model will help Cardo deal with make-or-buy decisions in a structured way. The model highlights the importance of connecting business strategy with the core capabilities of Cardo and provides a tool to identify this connection. Furthermore, the model highlights risks connected to outsourcing and provides tools to identify these risks. The model also applies a total cost approach. To calculate the different costs, a model is presented that functions as a guide when quantifying costs. Lastly, the model shows the importance of developing a proper relationship with the supplier according to the strategic importance of the product.Cardo AB is an international corporate group that has performed major organizational changes the last few years. These changes utilize possible synergies that exist in a corporate group. One of the initiatives is that Cardo wants to develop a model for make-or-buy decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is stated as:The study’s purpose is to develop a generic model for make-or-buy decisions at Cardo.To develop the model, a theoretical study was conducted, where four main aspects were identified: core capability, risk, cost and relationship. For each aspect, a tool to define what the aspects consist of was identified. The aspects were combined together into a model, called model version 1. To enhance and adjust the model to suit Cardo’s situation, an empirical study was conducted. In the empirical study, it was investigated how different sites within Cardo are currently working with make-or-buy decisions. Moreover, in the empirical study it was also revealed how Cardo is dealing with each of the aspects identified in theory. The combination of theory and empirical study formed the enhanced model, called model version 2. The last step in the procedure was to let several end-users review the model and suggest improvements. After this step, the final model was formed, called model version 3.The model combines the best practices from Cardo with the latest theoretical aspects. Using this model will help Cardo deal with make-or-buy decisions in a structured way. The model highlights the importance of connecting business strategy with the core capabilities of Cardo and provides a tool to identify this connection. Furthermore, the model highlights risks connected to outsourcing and provides tools to identify these risks. The model also applies a total cost approach. To calculate the different costs, a model is presented that functions as a guide when quantifying costs. Lastly, the model shows the importance of developing a proper relationship with the supplier according to the strategic importance of the product.

Background: Make or buy decisions is the most fundamental part in a company’s manufacturing strategy. The decision is complex and involves sacrifices whichever strategy is chosen, and before making the decision the firm should understand and evaluate the trade-offs and comparative costs of manufacturing or outsourcing. The uniqueness of family firms is that they often operate their business with non-financial goals at the centre. This study will investigate the make or buy decisions at Väderstad AB, a family owned firm that deals with decisions of make or buy on a large scale, with many thousands of parts included in their final machines, and decisions made daily whether to make or buy. There is no existing research looking at the qualitative non-financial goals and factors in family firms and how it affects the make or buy decision. Purpose: This master thesis studies the make or buy decision at a family firm. The aim is twofold, namely, to explore the potential uniqueness of family firms within the context of the make or buy decision and then to create a make or buy decision model for a family firm. This aim is explorative, i.e. to generate theory, in the realm of family firm research. Method: This is a qualitative study performed by conducting a single case study methodology. 12 Semi-structured interviews with 14 employees from all parts of the case company and the use of documents from archival records were collected as data.  The data was analyzed with the technique of 1st order concepts, etc. as developed by Gioia. Conclusion: Our analysis showed that in the context of family firms, the primary factors influencing make or buy decisions at the case company were not financial goals. Instead drivers were goodwill for customers, innovation, quality, flexibility and control which are non-financial goals. However, financial goals were not neglected, but rather costs were measured after a decision had been made, proving that it was not in the centre of their operations before and during the decision and thus, it was secondary. As a result, non-financial goals played a larger role than financial goals in the make or buy decision.

Detta examensarbete gjordes i två syften, att ge Scania teoretiskt underlag till en ny teknik för hantering av personalens från och närvaroplanering, samt implementera den nya tekniken. Scanias dåvarande lösning utnyttjades genom att använda olika Excel-ark, dessa har uppfattats som ineffektiva och krångliga att arbeta med. Detta har lett till en hel del extra administrativt arbete och behovet av en ny lösning definierades till ett examensarbete. Den initiala fasen av projektet handlade om att förstå relevanta processer rörande från och närvaroplanering. Allt eftersom processerna var förstådda definierades krav på den nya lösningen genom kvalitativa metoder och intervjuer med respondenter av olika befattningar från verksamheten. Kraven som erhölls från intervjuerna visade sig vara relativt konsistenta och fastställdes i en kravspecifikation. Kravspecifikationen användes för att utvärdera olika lösningar som valts ut från marknadens utbud. Vidare genomfördes en make or buy analys som gjorde det möjligt att avgöra om lösningen skulle köpas in eller utvecklas internt. Efter interna diskussioner inom Scania, där resultaten från utvärderingen och make or buy analysen analyserades, fattades beslutet att den nya lösningen skulle byggas i en Microsoft SharePoint miljö. Miljön var redan tillgänglig för Scania och implementeringen gjordes i form av en pilotimplementering. Två grupper från Scanias verksamhet fick en förfrågan om de ville agera piloter, i syfte att utvärdera lösningen efter styrkor, svagheter och önskad funktionalitet. Pilotfasen är planerad att starta i början av september 2013. / This thesis was done with two-fold purpose, to give Scania a theoretical base for a new technology for management of the personnel presence and absence planning and to implement this new technology. Scanias former solution was utilized by using different Excel sheets and these have been perceived as inefficient and cumbersome to work with. This has led to a lot of additional administrative work and the need for a new solution was defined to this thesis. The initial phase of the project focused on understanding the relevant processes related to the presence and absence planning. When the processes were well understood, requirements on the new system were captured through qualitative methods and interviews with respondents of different positions from the enterprise. The requirements obtained from the interviews proved to be relatively consistent and was defined in a requirement specification. These requirements were used to evaluate different solutions chosen from the commercial stock. In addition, a make or buy analysis were created and made it possible to determine whether the solution would be bought or developed internally. After internal discussions within Scania, where the results from the alternative solution evaluation and the make or buy analysis was considered, it was decided that the new solution would be built in a Microsoft SharePoint environment. The environment was already available for Scania and the implementation was done as a pilot implementation. Two groups from Scanias enterprise was asked to act pilots, in order to evaluate the solution by strengths, weaknesses and desired functionalities. The pilot phase is planned to start in early September 2013.

Problem - Decision makers shape the structure of the sales function, but it is unclear how they go about it and why. The rationale for making certain decisions need to be analyzed in order to understand why different decision makers apply different sales strategies. Topic - The Swedish prefabricated wooden house industry consists of many actors with no clear market leader. The sales force seems to mainly consists of external sales agents (manufacturers' representatives, also called reps), though some manufacturers also employ direct sales agents at the manufacturing company. Prefabricated wooden houses corresponded to 86% of all building permits requested during 2015. Purpose - This thesis aims to explore decision-makers' rationale behind the organization of manufacturers' sales forces in the Swedish prefabricated wooden house industry. Method - Semi-structures interviews with decision makers at manufacturing companies in the Swedish prefabricated wooden house industry have been conducted in order to fulfill the purpose of this study. The empirical findings are then analyzed based on theory that has been collected through partly inductive, partly deductive approaches. Main results - Decision makers use different arguments to justify their strategies. Many different rationale applied translates into no clear pattern besides the one that there seems to be no clear pattern. Arguments for a rationale decision are given without analytical proof for an assumption. Some interviewees are in essence for an integrated sales force, though might also work with reps.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-05-02T17:58:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Deisi Luana Diel Weber_.pdf: 569327 bytes, checksum: 355337b56ffb691e0e6bd0005f05fc4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T17:58:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Deisi Luana Diel Weber_.pdf: 569327 bytes, checksum: 355337b56ffb691e0e6bd0005f05fc4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-10 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / This research presents an investigation about the decision-making process regarding Make or Buy, trying to understand which variables most influence this decision to insource some activities, to outsource others, or to better estimate a percentage to combine both. The dependent variable on our research is the behavioral decision-making process, measuring the influence received by cost, quality, and monitoring. Trying to understand if differences between these independent variables influence how managers make their decision in the context of insource or outsource production. In order to test this model empirically, an experiment research was conducted, on the basis of eight different scenarios, which simulate a purchasing decision situation ranging the variables costs, quality, and monitoring of suppliers between High and Low, to understand the relationship of these constructs with the decision-making process of Brazilian managers. It was performed with a sample of 211 students from the Production Engineer course at Universidade do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos). The data was analyzed using statistical technique ANOVA. The results demonstrate that managers consider cost variation to decide about how much to internalize and how much to outsource. They change their choices when quality is higher in their suppliers than inside the company. They also evaluate manager capability to control costs over their suppliers and on their process inside the company. However, they do not change their sourcing decision due to supplier’s monitoring variation, neither when quality monitoring is considered. This issue was already addressed in Hall’s study (2012) conducted in the United States. Thus, we decided to replicate his in Brazil in order to check if in a different environment, with other economic, politic, social, and regulatory situation, the manager will change their decisions. Nevertheless, after comparing both studies, we realize that the same hypothesis was supported in both studies, what means that even in another context the same variables are considered to base managers sourcing decision.

Univ., Diss.--Dortmund, 2005.